Atomic Lake Chagan, Kazakhstan: inkcazelo, imbali umdla facts

Kukho e Kazakhstan echibini emangalisayo apho ezantsi ngathi iglasi bunyibilike. Amanzi phantse amnyama. ZeCARP ezihlala kuyo, uba imitha, kunye nezinye iintlanzi elimangalisayo ezoyikisayo. Le Atom-kol, Chagan Ichibi kummandla Semipalatinsk. abantu abanolwazi uzama yokucima iqela lakhe. Abo apha ngengozi, wothusa ubuhle semfene kule ndawo.

umlingo ezenziwe

Chagan Lake e Kazakhstan - ezenziwe izazinzulu zenyukliya Soviet. Bona zenziwa ethagetha Inyukliya ukudala amadama ukungavani ukugcina amanzi kwiingingqi ngokoma. Njengoko kucwangciswe liSebe zizazinzulu e Central Asia kufuneka ivele ubuncinane amane kwezi amachibi. Ngaloo kwacetywa ukusombulula ingxaki wembalela zasehlotyeni nokwandisa ezolimo emaqeleni Kazakh. Ngoko kwakukho Chagan, ogama umthamo million 20 cubic metres. m yamanzi.

Time impumelelo grand

ESoviet Union oosonzululwazi ekuphuhliseni iiprojekthi namabhongo ekusebenziseni amandla enyukliya ngenjongo uxolo. Iingqondo best belwa kunye nokudalwa iinqanawa, iinqwelo-moya kunye iinjini imoto eya kusebenza ngenxa yokusabela zenyukliya. Ukuqonda amandla engakholelekiyo yamandla-atom, bemisa ukusebenzisa le amandla kakhulu ekubekeni imijelo, amatonela kunye namachibi ukuqokelela imali enkulu yamanzi.

zesayensi nentshiseko yayingazani imida. Le nkqubo kuthiwa "atom for Peace". Ukufumana impumelelo ngemiphumo ukuze okusingqongileyo kunye nempilo hlanga yenzululwazi akazange acinge. Ifuthe zokwakha kunye Umhlaba Ntombi Ukupheqa zigutyungelwe yonke Union. ingabi amanzi, imilambo, wajika wabuyela, kunye namachibi amatsha akhiwa ngokuthanda komntu kwiindawo zabo izicwangciso. Yaba ixesha xa abantu abazange balinde ukuba umusa indalo. Ngoku akanikeli ukuzidla kwakhe.

kuqhuma lokuqala

Kwi-USSR, uqhushumbo yokuqala zolu shishino kuthwalelwa phandle ngoJanuwari 15, 1965 ngomhla ummandla kummandla Semipalatinsk. Ngelo xesha kwakukho etiphini, nto leyo eyenza uvavanyo kwezixhobo zenyukliya. kude ukusuka kwizixeko ezinkulu kumathafa Kazakhstan yakhethwa ukuba nokuhlola.

Njengoko kucwangciswe liSebe zizazinzulu kwi dubulo abembumbile ifanele omkhulu, kwaye wencamu ekufuneka oplavitsya ebushushwini. Ukususela kule netanki amanzi osalayo emhlabeni akuyi kubakho, kwaye abahlali baya kuba nako ukuyisebenzisa ukunkcankcashela imfuyo ukuze unkcenkceshele amasimi ezingqongileyo.

Kummandla kwebhedi yomlambo Chagan encinane, koma ehlotyeni, yaveliswa okukhuphela ngqo. Le projekthi iye yakhokelela Isazinzulu zenyukliya Ivan Turchin.

yesiqalo enamandla

Thombo №1004 kwisiza "Balapan" kwi wezandyondyo yomlambo encinane Chaganka iye wayimisela kuqhume kubunzulu yeemitha 178. Umsebenzi kwahlelwa kaJanuwari 15, 1965 Xa iiyure ezi-5 imizuzu 59 59 imizuzwana GMT kwi cwaka kusasa zophukile a dubulo omkhulu. Ngemizuzwana 2.5 eyayibhalwe ukuyilwa ilifu zegesi ezishushu. Emva kwemizuzu emi-5 ukuba ifikelele kubude ka 4800 m. Umoya betekisi 10.3 umhlaba Mill. T ukuya ukuphakama 950 m. Rocks Multiton saa kumgama ozikilometa kweshumi eziliqela. nesilili umlambo ivalekile.

Kwisayithi ye-dubulo yashiya wentaba ingxilimbela elintlangothi ezinyibilikiswe. Ubukhulu bayo we-430 m, ubunzulu mkhulu kwe-100 m. kwiidayari yakhe Turchin wabhala ukuba indawo enhle ngakumbi akazange abe ukubukela.

Heavy umsebenzi kuqhunyiswe

Isixhobo iziqhushumbisi asetyenziswe kwindalo yento efana atomic CHagan ichibi, ngamandla 170 kilotons. Thelekisa oko iwiswe kwi Hiroshima ibhombu amandla kilotons-20. Konke oku Ibutho kwisingxobo zezindlu kunye ububanzi of 86 cm kunye ubude eemitha 3!

echibini

Entwasahlobo kwi kwisiza dubulo kufika ubuchule leyo enxulumene Udlala kunye ichibi entsha. Izazinzulu ziyazi ukuba amanzi onogumbe nga ahambe Irtysh eluthulini radioactive ukusuka kummandla lonke kwaye yosulele yonke loo mmandla yaseSiberia. Njengoko wayezelwe zizazinzulu onke amanzi kufuneka kudibana Lake Chagan. Kuba oku lachaphazela nedama, leyo akazange avumele amanzi emlanjeni Irtysh.

Spring Umgodi ezaliswe ngamanzi anyibilike, kodwa i yamanzi kwakheka ngumntu zange isebenze - inqanaba radiation idlula eqhelekileyo ngokuthi izihlandlo eziliwaka.

Chagan Ichibi e Kazakhstan ukhona namhlanje. River Chaganka wenza ikhosi entsha, uphambuke ezintethweni umgibe obulalayo. Abahlali icala kwiilali ezikufutshane yokucima indawo eyoyikekayo, kodwa abalusi kunjalo kubo asukele iinkomo basele. Ngapha koko, akukho wumbi.

Ummandla losulelo

Komoya, nto leyo eyaba emva ichibi yenyukliya Chagan kwathiwa, Radioactive waba intsimi apho kwakukho-11 zokuhlala elinabemi abantu malunga 2000.

Usuku emva test radiation ngaphaya 30 p / h, yaye kamva iintsuku ezili-10 lafikelela 1 p / h. Imilinganiselo eyenziwe ngeli xesha lakalokunje, bonisa 2000-3000 MR / h, nangona ukuba ezinye umgangatho wemitha 15-30 MR / h.

umsebenzi wokwakha Canal abantu 182 ababevela kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo Union. Nangona amanyathelo athathiweyo (excavator cabin zagutyungelwa ilothe), imitha sabangela umonakalo elikhulu kwimpilo yabantu abatsha esempilweni. Bonke bafumana ngeedosi ezinkulu radiation. Ngamnye kubo wagqiba yokusebenza ukushifta ukukhubazeka olukhulu. Iminyaka emininzi, uninzi lwabo bafa ekuguleni kwimitha kunye nezinye izifo.

Xa kwiminyaka emininzi kamva wabonisa ikopi liquidators geoskhemy, leyo yamakishwa dubulo data specialist geoecology E. Yakovlev, waphawula ukuba eyoyikekayo ngaphezu Chernobyl.

Lake sokulungisa

Xa 1966, emkhosini kunye liquidators washiya emhlabeni ezibonisa, apho kwakukho Inyukliya komhlaba, Chagan Lake uye waba yindawo zezinto eziphilayo zophando. Ekubeni isiphumo radiation kwi eziphilayo ukuba ayikaqondwa kakuhle, zebhayoloji kwenziwa amalinge, Lungisa amachibi zenyukliya kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo enezityalo nezilwanyana. Amaxesha amaninzi, Nedlac kulo mmandla. Kwisikhululo eziphilayo Atom kohl zaye zaveliswa yi sesichengeni sosasazeko lwemitha experiments kwi eziphilayo. Ichibi Chagan 36 iintlobo zeentlanzi sele ziqalisiwe, phakathi apho kwakukho nkqu piranhas evela Amazon, iintlobo 27 molluscs, iintlobo-42 ezingenamqolo, iintlobo-32 zezilwanyana eziphila emhlabeni nasemanzini, 8 of ezanyisayo, 11 izirhubuluzi. Ukongeza, ukuhlola bathwalwa kunye neentlobo 150 zezityalo, abaninzi kubo yohlaza.

90% wasungula kusezintakeni, baye bafa ngenxa yamanqanaba radiation aphezulu kunye neemeko ezingaqhelekanga zokusingqongileyo. Le ukuguquka afunyaniswa boniswa ukuya ukutshintsha imbonakalo inzala kunye nenguqu root yokuziphatha. Ngenxa yoko, zeCARP, leyo phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo kukho iintlanzi herbivorous, ezidweliswe echibini atom CHagan (Kazakhstan) baba ezizingelayo esebenzayo. Apha bekhula phantse semitha. Ke esidla kubo ayikhuthazwa.

A yenamvuna eqhelekileyo ubungakanani olwandle ifana lobster etyheli. Kwimeko-bume yendalo kwenzeka ekudibaneni iintlobo ezahlukeneyo izidalwa eziphilayo, esalinikwayo siyinzala iyonke. Ezinye iintlobo zezilwanyana eziye mutated ukuze inzala yabo azifani naziphi izinyanya okanye omnye komnye.

Oosonzululwazi waphawula ukuba iintlanzi nokuba herbivorous kwimiqathango kwemitha baba ezizingelayo. Ngowe-1974, isikhululo uphando yavalwa.

izinto ezifanayo

Chagan Lake - an intlokoma iimvavanyo zenyukliya Soviet. Emva kobunkokheli bakhe imfundo wala ukusuka uphindaphindo Ekuhloleni okufanayo. Nangona ekuqaleni isicwangciso nokudalwa womnatha iphela imithombo efanayo. Kodwa nokuhlola asinguye kuphela ehlabathini. Kwi-US, Nevada abe sedan mngxuma, nto leyo nayo, njengoko ngenxa dubulo.

Kodwa ke oosonzululwazi Soviet akwazi ukwandisa amandla ezisebenzisekayo le uqhushumbo ukunciphisa ifuthe elibi kokusingqongileyo. Nangona nkqu ezi "impumelelo" kwabangelwa umonakalo omkhulu kule ngingqi.

Chagan namhlanje

Ke kaloku ummandla Semipalatinsk polgona, kuquka Chagan Lake, kuludwe lweenkalo enkulu yokuhanjelwa iimvavanyo yenyukliya. Ungcoliseko lokusasazeka kwemitha yamanzi yi picocuries 300 / L (ngenqanaba elamkelekileyo - picocuries-15 / l). La manzi akafanelanga ukuba ukusela kunye nonkcenkceshelo. Kodwa nabalusi kukhokelela imfuyo yamanzi. Inqanaba umhlaza kunye neengxaki yemfuza kule ngingqi iphezulu kakhulu kunaleyo ezikufuphi.

Njengeentlanzi ezibanjiswe elwandle Chagan, ukutya ayikhuthazwa. Kodwa oosomashishini clever kwi abathengi zeCARP omkhulu imarike Semipalatinsk abo babehamba becanda yaye wayengazi malunga amachibi emangalisayo.

Ukubala izazinzulu akukhange kusebenze. Eli chibi ngamanzi kwabafileyo, nesiqingatha senkulungwane kamva, akukho ezifanelekileyo ubomi babantu. Zisa abatyeleli apha ukuthetha malunga kwimpumelelo yeteknoloji yenyukliya kwi-USSR.