Ngezokuzimela - ifilosofi ebomini ...

Ifilosofi ikhona na indawo eyodwa kuphuhliso esisiseko zenkulungwane yama-20. Zivela njengelinge udale into entsha, zahlukile iimbono zokuphuhlisa indoda mihla. Kufuneka siqonde ukuba phantse namnye yawona yayingaphelelanga nje ngezokuzimela. Esondele lo mqondo Sartre owayezama efela bonke ulwazi kunye emsebenzini wakhe othi "ebomini - . I zobuntu" Indlela ukutolika ingqikelelo "inkululeko" ngezokuzimela sobulumko? Funda apha ngezantsi.

Imvume njenge bulumko eyodwa ebomini

Ekupheleni gqira abantu baye bafumana ixesha okhethekileyo. Le ndoda ithathwa njengokuba into ephambili-bulumko, kodwa wathabatha indlela entsha ku vangama ka indlela mihla zembali, nto leyo ibonisa imeko leyo ihamba eYurophu emva kwemfazwe, bazithwalise kulo, umba ophambili yingxaki emphefumlweni. Oku kuye kwavela imfuneko ngenxa ukuba imiphumo emkhosini ukuhla, uqoqosho, ezopolitiko kunye yokuziphatha. Ngezokuzimela - indoda ibonisa iintlekele yimbali ifuna indawo kumonakalisa. EYurophu, ebomini imiselwe ngokuqinileyo ngokwayo njenge bulumko yaba uhlobo imisinga yenkcubeko silk. Esi sikhundla abantu fans irrationalism.

History of the gama

Intsingiselo yembali yekota ngokwayo busuka emva 1931, xa uKarl Jaspers laqalisa ingqikelelo bulumko ekuphileni. Wayesoloko kuyo emsebenzini wakhe othi "I imeko yokomoya ixesha." I-sobulumko Danish Kierkegaard igama Jaspers ngumseki yangoku ezilungiswe oko ngendlela ethile yokuba abantu. A kwengqondo ezaziwayo-kakuhle kwaye zengqondo ebomini R. Meyi akukubona oko kuba intshukumo zenkcubeko eligcina umlawuli angxamele ngokunzulu ngokweemvakalelo nangokomoya kwi umphefumlo ubuntu asakhasayo. Lo mzobo umzuzu ngokwasengqondweni apho umntu minutely uvakalisa bunzima ezizodwa, aye nazo.

Umxholo yokufundisa

sobulumko ngezokuzimela kuphakanyiswe imvelaphi iimfundiso zakhe Kierkegaard kunye Nietzsche. Ithiyori ibonisa iingxaki benkululeko le ntlekele, leyo ixhomekeke ngaphezulu inkqubela zeteknoloji, kodwa bengenako ukuchonga amagama ubomi ezifihla kokwabo ukutshabalala. Luthatha rhoqo ekulweni iimvakalelo iimvakalelo: imvakalelo yokuba yokuphelelwa lithemba. Umongo ifilosofi ekuphileni isalamane enjalo nengqiqo, esizibonakalisa kwi ngumbala. Abaseki kunye nabalandeli zathi ulwalathiso yokwahlula ihlabathi ibe injongo kunye icala ayinyani. Zonke zokubonisa ebomini zibonwa njengento. Ngezokuzimela - ngumntu obona zonke izinto, ngokusekelwe umanyano ingcamango ayinyani kunye nenjongo. Ingcamango ezingundoqo: yendoda ugqiba ukuba abe kweli hlabathi.

Indlela ukuqonda ngokwakho

Existentialists anikele ingqalelo umntu njengesifundo, ubuyeleyo kwimeko kakhulu. Umzekelo, ukuba kukududuzela esibulalayo xa lilonke eliphezulu. Yaba ngeli thuba kolwazi jikelele uba kufutshane kwindoda ibingakholeleki. Bathi indlela oyinyaniso yokwazi. Indlela engundoqo Kwathi kwenye ihlabathi intuition.

Indlela ukutolika ingqikelelo "inkululeko" zobulumko ngezokuzimela

Indawo eyodwa kwintanda-bulumko ebomini, unika ekucaciseni isisombululo le ngxaki lwenkululeko. Bayigqala ukhetho article zomntu ukusuka kwesigidi ezinokwenzeka. izinto zezifundo kunye nezilwanyana akukho inkululeko, kuba ekuqaleni uqobo. Ngokuba umntu wanikwa ubomi ukuhlola baze baqonde intsingiselo lobukho babo. Ngoko ke, umntu elifanelekileyo onoxanduva ngasinye senze abazimiseleyo yaye akanako nje ukwenza impazamo, bechaza iimeko ezithile. zobulumko ngezokuzimela bakholelwa abantu rhoqo nokuphuhlisa le projekthi apho inkululeko - yinto ingqiqo ukungcola ngamnye kunye noluntu. Ingcinga itolikwa ngokwemigaqo 'inkululeko yokuzikhethela ", kodwa kungekhona" umoya mahala. " Lo ilungelo Untouchable wonke umntu ophilayo. Kodwa abantu ubuncinane kanye elinyuliweyo, ziphantsi ngengqiqo entsha - alarm ukuchaneka ngesigqibo salo. Le eqhubekayo ulandela umntu de indawo yokugqibela lokufika - ukufikelela kubume bayo.

Ngubani le ndoda ikulo ekuqondeni wabaseki yangoku

Mae wacela ukuba indoda leyo inkqubo yophuhliso rhoqo, kodwa ufumana ubunzima ngamaxesha athile. inkcubeko Koloni ingakumbi yondele uyabubona la mathuba ngokumehleleyo eninzi ixhala, lithemba kunye nongquzulwano eyaqala ngawo. Ngezokuzimela - umntu onoxanduva ngokwakhe, iingcinga zakhe, izenzo zakhe ukuba. Kufuneka kube njalo, ukuba ufuna ukuhlala umntu ozimeleyo. Kwakhona, oku kufuneka abe nomqondo kunye nokuzithemba ukwenza izigqibo ezizizo, kungenjalo eli ikamva lakhe liya kuba ezikumgangatho ofanelekileyo.

iimpawu uphawu bonke abameli ebomini

Ngaphandle kwento yokuba iimfundiso ezahlukahlukeneyo ukubeka Fossilisation athile kwi-bulumko bobukho, kukho eziliqela iimpawu ezendeleyo yonke ilungu iintsingiselo kuxoxwe:

• Loqalo line lokuqala ulwazi - yinkqubo rhoqo kuhlalutywa izenzo zomntu. Kuphela ukuba ungakwazi kuwe ngazo zonke lomntu. Isiseko imfundiso ayilogama jikelele, kunye uhlahlelo Ntu instantiated. abantu kuphela ngubani bangahlaziya ubukho bakho abazi kwaye kufuneka wenze njalo rhoqo. Ingakumbi Heidegger waphikelela kuyo.
• Man nethamsanqa ngokwaneleyo ukuze kuhlala yokwenene ekhethekileyo, wagxininisa kwiincwadi zakhe Sartre. Wathi ukuba akukho ezinye izidalwa abanayo ihlabathi efanayo. Ngenxa yokuqiqa yakhe, sinokugqiba ifanelwe ingqalelo, ulwazi kunye nokuqonda ukuba wonke umntu. iimfuno zalo unique uhlalutyo rhoqo.
• ababhali ngezokuzimela umsebenzi wakhe usoloko ukuchaza kakuhle inkqubo phambi kokuba ubomi obuqhelekileyo. Camus, umzekelo, ababesithi ukukwazi ukuba baphile - eli xabiso ibalulekileyo. Umzimba womntu Uyabubona intsingiselo indawo yabo Emhlabeni ngexesha ukukhula kunye nophuhliso, kodwa kuphela isiphelo uyakwazi ukuqonda uhlobo lokwenyaniso. Kwaye wonke umntu ngale ndlela yahlukile. Iinjongo kunye neendlela ukuze kufikelelwe emihle kakhulu yaye ezahlukeneyo.
• Ngokutsho Sartre, izizathu ngobukho eziphilayo kwabantu akakho. "Kwafuneka isizathu wena, ukhetho lwakho kunye nobomi bakho," - yasasazwa sobulumko ngezokuzimela. высказывания от идей других направлений философии в том, что как пройдет каждый жизненный этап человеческого развития - зависит от него самого. Ngokungafaniyo iingxelo ezivela iingcamango kwezinye iindawo-bulumko eye sekudlule ubomi kwisigaba ngasinye lophuhliso lwabantu - kuxhomekeke kuye. Kananjalo imvelo lweMigangatho liya kuchaphazeleka ngezenzo zakhe ukuba wenza ukuya ekuphumeleleni injongo ephambili.

• Ubukho umzimba womntu, sanikwa ukuhlakanipha, abhijelwe lula. Akukho imfihlakalo njengoko imithombo yendalo angamisela njani ukuba uya ubomi bomntu, imithetho nemiqathango, uya kwenza, yaye yintoni - akukho.
• Man iyodwa kufuneka uzalise ubomi bakho kunye nentsingiselo. Yena uyakwazi ukukhetha umbono kwakhe ihlabathi, ugalele izimvo zabo nokuguqulela into engokoqobo. Yena angenza nantoni na ayifunayo. Oko ke eyona kubo owaba kwi ixhomekeke kukhetho lobuqu. Kwakhona iyafumaneka ukuba uphila ngokupheleleyo ezandleni lomntu elifanelekileyo.
• Эго. Ngezokuzimela - is ukuzigwagwisa. Ithatyathwa ukusuka kwindawo Ngenxa amathuba elihle kakhulu wonke umntu.

Ngokungafaniyo amalungu nezinye iintshukumo

sobulumko ngezokuzimela, ngokungafaniyo ootitshala, abaxhasi kwezinye iindawo (ingakumbi Marxism), ayexhasa yokushiya uphendlo onengqondo ziganeko zembali. Babona akukho sizathu kufuna inkqubela kwezi zenzo.

Iimpembelelo ezingqondweni zabantu zenkulungwane yama-20

Ukususela zobulumko ngezokuzimela, ngokuchaseneyo yiEnlightenment, akazange afune ukubona indlela imbali, abazange zijolise ukufumana inani elikhulu nabo. Noko ke, ingcamango yokuba lo bulumko kuthambekela waba nempembelelo enkulu ezingqondweni zabantu. Imigaqo yobukho bomntu njengokuba umhambi ezayo bendalo oyinyaniso, line yayo yokuziphatha ngaxeshanye nabantu ngokupheleleyo musa uyayixhasa le mbono.