Intshona Melika: isiqabu kunye neempawu zayo

Sezwe Minerals North America - zonke izifundo namhlanje esikolweni izifundo nokwakheka. Ulwazi le miba kuyimfuneko hayi kuphela uviwo, kodwa ngenxa yophuhliso lulonke. Ngapha koko, kufuneka siqonde ngamnye kuthi lowo kumphezulu Iplanethi esiphila kuyo.

North America, isiqabu apho siza kuxubusha ngayo kweli nqaku kufana uhlobo asike nkqo Umzantsi Melika. ibhanti enamandla zeentaba Cordillera zinabela kunxweme yasentshona ukuya 7000 km. Advantageously, caba ke isiqingatha kwimpuma yezwe. Konke oku kubonisa ukuba ukukhululeka Americas uye ngobuhlobo olomeleleyo. Noko ke, kukho umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwezi amazwekazi. Ngokukodwa, njengoko inkqubo entabeni Cordillera kuba banzi kakhulu kunye nesakhiwo ezintsonkothileyo kwe Andes (ekwabizwa ngokuba sehlathi Cordillera). Ziqulethe kolundi inkqubo yonke, isakhiwo ezahlukeneyo ziitectonic plates kwaye zejoloji zisale.

zone wasempumalanga

Ngokucacile phantse kulo lonke imimandla Cordillera 5 orotektonicheskih longitudinal. Eyokuqala kwezi, empumalanga - Laramide orogeny ngasempumalanga: Mount Mackenzie, Brooks Range, Ridge Eastern Sierra Madre, Rocky Iintaba. Le yokugqibela zingahlukaniswa ngokungqinelana awohluke of orography ibe ngamaqela amabini: ngasentla nangasezantsi. Phakathi kwabo imi phesheya Yellowstone Plateau. Iifom tye Echanekileyo na iimpawu eziqaqambileyo orographic.

Front Range of the Rocky Mountains

Front Range of the Rocky Mountains (North America) iye isiqabu ilandelayo: ke wolula phantse 2000 km kumgca othe ngqo, achaphazela ekuqhubekekeni, ukuthembeka kunye ukufana kobume bayo zomhlaba. Ridge ichazwe ngokucacileyo, akathweswa sithsaba iincopho ephakamileyo amawa, ukuphakama leyo efikelela 4000 m. Kancane wehlela kwi empumalanga ukuya Enkulu Plains. Range kudweliso entshonalanga ezandleni ziitectonic plates kumntla. Embindini entabeni lifinyele. Bawela umlambo PIs, leyo yenye yemithombo ye-Mackenzie River. Range Front emazantsi okwandisa. Yahlulahlulwe yaba kumaqondo ezithile, ukuphakama kwayo sikhulu: Lewis, icaribou, Selkirk. Kule ndawo kukho iincopho inkulu Front Range. Robson yintaba (ukuphakama 3954 m) kunye neNtaba Columbia (3747 m). iintlobo zeAlps Intshona Melika mphandle awayedla Range Front. Yena linophawu glaciation nemixawuka ezibalulekileyo.

Rocky Mountains emazantsi

ephakeme Rockies Abangatshatanga ezizo emazantsi. Apha ke yakhiwa amaqoqo ngamnye, maxa wambi zikhawulezelwe ezahlulwe sisithuba "iipaki" - isitya ngokubanzi, emele ithafa-ezifana amacandelo adibanayo kunye echibini enkulu Great Plains. Inxalenye nakummango (Sangre de Cristo, Wasatch) wazolula phantse ukusuka emantla ukuya emazantsi. Okunye (isi, Uinta Iintaba) - ku-mpuma ntshona indlela aa Incopho na kubo. Kakhulu ukuphakama, ububanzi lo mbhinqo ntaba ihlawulelwa yokunqongophala phambili. Umda phakathi Enkulu Amathafa kunye Rocky Mountains kucaciswe kakhulu: udonga eweni - ithambeka zeentaba. icandelo Southern - ezi iintaba epiplatform ekuqhelekileyo ukuba kwasekwa emva kokuba uqalile okanye ipoti ye elunxwemeni omnye kumaqonga yamandulo.

Belt Amathafa yangaphakathi agudle

Okulandelayo - ibhanti umhlaba zangaphakathi kunye umhlaba kwasekwa nevadiyskuyu yokusonga kwi bavela North America. Inkululeko luphawulwa izakhiwo nevadiyskimi isongiwe imelwe peniplenami. Ngaphakathi kulo mmandla kukho yehewu, ezo yavalelwa "ngamaqhekeza 'eqongeni yamandulo North American kwaye ska Cordillera (Northern Mass, Colorado Plateau). Le mathafa inkulu intermountain Fraser, Yukon, i Basin Great, Colombia, North and Central Mass, Colorado.

Great Basin

Great Basin - denudation yehewu, inkulu kule ndawo. Le ndawo, ogama ububanzi ukuya ku-800 km, ngokubanzi, i alternation kwemiphezulu ezimcaba kunye entabeni ngakumbi ubukho kobokuqala. Kwi-avareji 1500m yaphakamisa ihewu komhlaba. Nangona kunjalo, ukuhla ezinkulu kwiindawo eziphakamileyo. Plateau lwamawa ukufana yendlela yokwenza imigca iwela eziphakamileyo malunga 3 km (Wheeler peak - 3982 m). misinga anzulu, ekuthiwa Bolson, kulala phakathi kwabo. Oku semi-yaye kucelwa apha sokuhlambela, leyo yindawo amanzi ngaphakathi. Valley Ukufa - omnye kubo (-85 m).

iincopho Relict amaninzi zifumaneka (kubandakanywa izixhobo ze mlilo).

Colorado Plateau kunye Grand Canyon

Colorado Plateau - yenye saso ezimbombeni zaso elifana kakhulu iplanethi yethu, nto leyo eyaziwa ngokuba North America. isiqabu yayo intle kakhulu. Ngokutsho kulwakhiwo lwalo zejoloji (ibhodi tye intaba engenaziphazamiso sedimentary nasemaweni iminyaka ezahlukeneyo - ukusuka amandulo ukuba verhnepaleoziyskih elele ongaphantsi crystalline) yi kwithafa efanayo eqongeni North American. likumyinge - bahambe ezindulini lehewu, nto leyo ufikelela umphakamo ka 3860 m.

Attraction yasethafeni i Grand Canyon (North America). Isimo sezulu bathanda kule ndawo abakhenkethi abaninzi. Grand Canyon (eliboniswe ngezantsi) kwabunjwa kuMlambo Colorado, kumbindi yawo. Ifikelela ubunzulu 1800 m, ububanzi 8 ukuya 25 km kwi ethafeni kwaye 1km kwinqanaba ezantsi. kumathambeka umdla, luphawu engaqhelekanga le-Grand Canyon. Baya iphuma inkqubo umonakalo ilunga kunye yemozulu. Isiseko crystalline of olungisiweyo emajikojiko channel emxinwa.

ibhanti entabeni kwangaphakathi

Izowuni sesithathu - entabeni engaphakathi - ibhanti nevadiyskih amabanga: Coast Mountains, le Alaska Range, i Cascade iintaba, Sierra Nevada, kwaye ezinqamlezayo mlilo Sierra Madre Occidental. umahluko lobuqotho phakathi kwezi emikhulu. rocks Igneous ngabona kwisakhiwo sabo. Cascade Iintaba - batholith mlilo, ebethelelwe phezu kwayo. Le kummango i Sierra Nevada i yezi giant akhazimlayo batholith kunye izidanga kumathambeka eNtshona naseMpuma exandekeni.

ibhanti synclinoria

Izowuni lwesine synclinoria zone. Oku yandisa kommandla, leyo kwasekwa i Neogene. Inxalenye ligqityiwe okwangoku limelwe ezahlukeneyo iindawo zaselwandle, ezingxingongweni. Kumhlaba ke intlambo of Death, Enkulu Central Valley, esezantsi kuMlambo Colorado.

Far West zone

izihlandlo ezihlanu - ntshona kakhulu. It is a ibhanti unxweme nasentshonalanga zasezintabeni esongiweyo njengoko baseAleut (kukho 25 mlilo), Kenai Peninsula, Island Ridge eVictoria Peak (kwendawo - 2200 m), Chugachsky Ridge Peninsula Victoria, Coast kuyehla, Range Sierra Madre del Sur. Bonke bephela eliphakathi-high, kodwa iincopho ezigqamileyo ngentla km 2.

Kuxhomekeka ubungakanani glaciation, ubukhali imimandla orographic longitudinal, asike ziitectonic plates kunye erosional, i Cordillera yahlulahlulwe 4 kummandla morphostructural: Cordillera of Mexico, United States Cordillera Cordillera Cordillera of Canada kunye Alaska.

Inxalenye nempuma yeli lizwekazi

Esinjani sona isiqabu Intshona Melika empumalanga? Kodwa nantsi eyona nyaniso. Njengoko sele sibonile, zenza mphandle North American uthe tyaba ngokubanzi kwinxalenye esempuma belizwekazi. Ngokomthetho ke sublime (Central, Laurentian) kunye namathafa eliphezulu. Nelezihlambo na ecaleni unxweme: Primeksikanskaya, ummandla Atlantic, Prigudzonskaya kunye Mississippi kwimimandla esezantsi omlambo efanayo.

ibhanti entabeni Appalachian

E North America, ngokwahlukileyo kwi-South, omnye ibhanti intaba yolula kunxweme lwasempumalanga - Appalachian. Le kuyehla ezintabeni, ukususela Gulf of St. yalahlwa. Lawrence malunga 33-32 ⁰ s. m., oko kukuthi phantse 2.300 km. Kwisiqithi saseNewfoundland yi ikhonkco wasentla. Appalachian - it epiplatform iintaba eziphakamileyo. Umahluko ebalulekileyo phakathi kwezahlulo akumzantsi esemantla zokhahlamba yabangela iimpawu zomhlaba kunye nesakhiwo neznye. Graben Hudson lowo umda phakathi nezi ndawo Southern Appalachian. Appalachians Northern iyonke - oko enkangala lihlangana. It esilawulwa iintaba ngamnye okanye neentaba. Northern Appalachian ayangenana le glaciation koqeqesho. Ngoko ke, ukuma iintaba ngoku - tyaba, kuphela ziphakamileyo baba zonwabise ngeendonga exandekeni.

Southern Appalachians

Alternation iintili elide parallel kunye lwamawa Appalachians ezahlukeneyo Southern. Ukususela empumalanga nasentshonalanga wandise ecaleni unyawo lehewu. It Piedmont entshonalanga - ibe ziintili omthebelele denudation, oluthi luqokelelane yi ematyeni Early crystalline Cambrian. Kuwo uya unyuka ukuya entshona umqokozo iintaba, phantse ngokuqhubekayo (Kohut, Unakite, Mnyama, nomsi, ezinkulu, oluhlaza, njalo-njalo), Ubude - 1-1.5 km. Oku "intaba endala" - umphakathi ashinyeneyo Caledonide, lo denudation uzilungiselele.

lwamawa Belt neentlambo

Enye yezona iinkalo ezininzi ngalisayo Appalachian Mountains ifumaneka ukuya ngasentshona kwabo. Oku njalo-ebizwa Mountain Young, okanye ibhanti nasentshonalanga neentlambo. Nazi ezinye iimpawu umdla isiqabu nakuMntla Melika. rocks ngentlenga ngexesha Paleozoic ubunjwe yonke indawo: kolundi - shales kunye sandstones esihlambo - kunye ne limestones. Wasolula kangangamakhulu eekhilomitha ukuya ngasemazantsi-ntshona ukuya kumntla-mpuma kumgca ukuzolula iintaba, ebanzi iintlambo enye flat-igcwalisiwe okanye ikama kunye lwamawa emxinwa. Lisendaweni kweemitha 500-600, ezantsi asezintlanjeni. lwamawa ntaba ukufikelela km 1-1.2. Valley tectonically bamele anticlinoria emikhulu ke synclinoria. Oko kukuthi, ngeli xesha ibonakala ngokucacileyo uhlobo ukungafani yesakhiwo ziitectonic plates le fom mihla, nto leyo iba isiqabu apha e North America. Izithombe Appalachia ithiwe thaca apha ngasezantsi.

Lo ngumzekelo ejikeleza, okanye uhlobo inversion isiqabu. Ifumaneka ezintabeni kakhulu inqabile, kwaye inkoliso kuqaqamba the Appalachians. Olu hlobo isiqabu ngapha kwelayini baqala ukubizwa ngokuba 'isiqabu Appalachian. " Belt "intaba abaselula" entshonalanga iphazamisa i Appalachian Plateau (Cumberland, Allegheny). Le Buze okuphakama ngu 300-400 m. Oku ihewu aphezulu kakhulu Piedmont. umphezulu emphethweni walo empumalanga ubuxoki nomphakamo malunga 1.2 km, kwaye entshonalanga - 500 m iindawo Plateau dissected ngokunzulu iintlambo imilambo ezahlukeneyo (ndee gorge kunye kumathambeka ezivaliweyo amawa) ..

Kulungile, ngoku ukuba isiqabu nakuMntla Melika waye ngokufutshane ngokutsha kweli nqaku, sinethemba kuya kuba lula ukuba enze intetho yakhe.