Yintoni eyenza yokufundwa yentanda kwi ukuqonda yomntu: a ngombono ixesha

Kangangeenkulungwane ekwakheni inkqubo bulumko ukuhlawula abacinga yayo isabelo kwizikolo ezahlukeneyo bulumko, ukususela uPlato noAristotle ukuya Kant Feuerbach. Noko ke, umgaqo yabantu ayizange yamkelwe abangabaxhasi bakaMarx elihlenga bulumko, njengoko Marx ngokwakhe eyakha nkqubo yakhe phezu ukugxeka Feuerbach, wagwetyelwa nabo kakhulu "naturalism." Uchazo yomntu, njengoko siyazi kwikhondo eziphathekayo zembali, na isixa ubudlelwane lwalo eluntwini, yaye akukho nto ngakumbi.

Le mbono "bulumko yokufundwa" lucelwe Maksom Shelerom kwi "Man and History" ngo-1926. Yena kuhle, njengoko inzululwazi esisiseko yobuntu, kuquka imiba zebhayoloji, ngokwasengqondweni, ezentlalo kunye nobuntu yobukho bomntu.

Umnqweno ukuqonda ngokwabo

Yintoni eyenza yokufundwa yentanda-ukuqonda kwabantu? Kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini ubunzima ezingasetyenziswanga ulwazi reseach eziveliswa uqeqesho eyahlukileyo lwezesayensi luphando ngoluntu. Kukho yingqokelela imfuno kunye structuring ngenxa ingxaki kobukho bomntu.

Oku kwakhokelela ukuvela yokufundwa bulumko, ngathi umfula-ngokupheleleyo, ezamkelela ikhondo layo nemingenela ezininzi kunye nophethe olwandle yonke into iyaqokelelwa bazifake uhambo lwakhe olude.

Njengoko zisitsho yokufundwa yentanda, ubume bomntu uzimisele ngolwalamano yayo ezithile imeko apho ahlala, kuquka uhlobo, uluntu kunye nendawo.

Yintoni ebangela ukuba umntu?

Njengoko Scheler wathi umdla ifilosofi evuthiwe ephala, era "yemvelaphi" zatshintshwa yi ngaphantsi humanistic. Kodwa omnye indawo kwimeko ethile imbali, bakhe ukuzoyikisela waqhubeka efuna ukwandisa.

Ngokutsho Buber, ngakumbi unomtsalane ngamaxesha ukuzisa iba yingxaki yabantu. Ukufundwa yentanda lifuna ukucacisa oonobangela ukungakhuseleki kunye wedwa oluntu ubuso cataclysms zehlabathi.

Phambi kokubhiyozela yeSibini yeHlabathi Scheler ichaza umntu njengesidalwa acinge siqonde ihlabathi ngokusebenzisa nentliziyo evulekileyo. Plesner lugxile phezu kwakhe "wagwetywa" okuqhubekayo self-yophuculo, yaye Gehlen phuhlisa ingqiqo yabantu umnqweno ubonakala ngalo ezahlukeneyo miba yesiko.

Isifundo yokufundwa bulumko

Ngoko ke, le ndoda zizo zonke ubudlelwane bakhe ihlabathi luchazwa yokufundwa yentanda njengesifundo uphando. Kodwa ngoxa yena nangoku kakuhle ambiguously. Le usaba omxholo yesemantiki igcinwe ngexesha lethu.

Njengoko PS Gurevich, akukho kwahluka ezintathu eziphambili ekutolikeni ingcamango 'yokufundwa-bulumko. " Ngamnye sisekelwe ekuqondeni eyenza yokufundwa yentanda kwi ukuqonda womntu. Noko ke, kubekwa umnwe imiba eyahlukeneyo kwindawo eyahlukileyo ulwazi yentanda ulwalathiso olufanelekileyo bulumko kunye nendlela ethile kwingqiqo.

Ngoko ke yintoni eyenza yokufundwa yentanda-ukuqonda kwabantu?

Xxi kwekhulu yayo forebodings, ziprofeto bonke eyanda lobuchwepheshe inkqubela ukhuthaza yenzululwazi noluntu engetelekeke olunzulu ukufunda kwabantu isenzeko. Oosonzululwazi iiforam nzulu ngazo ithuba esongeza emveli nezobunzululwazi ulwazi iindlela ngeendlela ezingezo-lwezenzululwazi, nokuba ubuciko, ezenkolo, khanyisa limangalisa, iingqiqo esoteric okanye ukufunda zingqondweni.

Ingcamango ingqibelelo, nepheleleyo - yiloo nto eyenza yokufundwa yentanda ukuqonda kwabantu. Iimpendulo kwimibuzo ezinzima malunga ubuchule bomntu ukutshintsha ngokwazo kunye nehlabathi zingafumaneka ngokuthi wahlanganisela ndawonye bonke amava ezingasetyenziswanga uluntu ngokwakhe.

Phambi ngokusebenzisa ixesha

Ulwazi Mandulo wajolisa kwi indalo yonke, kumaXesha Aphakathi, abantu baye babe yinxalenye uThixo wayalela ukwakhiwa kwehlabathi. Ukukhanya iye khona i ingqondo zabantu ngokupheleleyo, akwazi ukuba azive isifundo abazi.

Imbonakalo theory zikaDarwin yokucinga ukuba bujoliswe olunzulu ulwazi eziphilayo zabantu, yaye ekugqibeleni, kule nkulungwane yamashumi amabini, onke la malinge zaguqulwa ibe uqeqesho omtsha - Ukufundwa bulumko.

njani na ukuphendula eyenza yokufundwa yentanda-ukuqonda kwabantu? umseki wayo, Max Scheler wayibeka phezu kwesi sihlandlo, hayi ngaphandle uburharha: "Ngoku abantu akusekho uyazi ukuba ungubani, kodwa ukuze baziswe."