Ngabapeyinti ngobude Russian kunye nemisebenzi yabo

Russian portrait opeyintayo wavela ekuqaleni ngenkulungwane ye-14. Masters of brush ngexesha kunye kwemali, ngoko ngokufuthi babhenela stylization. Ingakwazanga ukunikwa ngokuba kwemiYalezo, kodwa imifanekiso ngokuqinisekileyo uya ubunzima nokungabikho ingqalelo iinkcukacha. ngabapeyinti ngobude Russian Kamva kunye nomsebenzi wabo sele ngokutsha kwi kubhaliso amabandla. Ngabapeyinti yohlobo engcwele iindonga beqabe nakwiisilingi amabandla kunye icawa.

art elichaza Early

ngabapeyinti ngobude Russian kunye imizobo yabo iimpawu zabo ahlukile, baye babona - artist ngamnye wazilanda isimbo wakhe yomsebenzi, ukongeza, ukuba wayesoyikwa ngababingeleli amarhamente.

Ummeli ezigqame ixesha - Andrei Rublev (1370-1428), ngubani washiya imisebenzi ukungonakali: "UKristu Pantocrator", "Mikayele Michael", "uBathathu Emnye", "St. uPawulos" kunye nezinye obukhulu yokudweba icon.

Rublev ngaxeshanye edume opeyintayo icon Feofan grek (1340-1410). Kangangexesha elide babesebenza kunye. Kule 90 yala magcisa ngenkulungwane ye-14 wazoba Cathedral le Annunciation. Umsebenzi ezibandakanyekayo kunye nezinye portrait ngomzobi Russian. Isixa kuye kwenziwa umsebenzi omkhulu kakhulu. icon ezinkulu Deesis enamanqanaba wabhala Feofan grek, i "lesiprofeto" nakumphezulu oluthi "ukhokho" zipeyintwe yi Andeya Rubleva. ubungqina obuphathekayo ukuba bacebise ukuba zabhalwa ibala kumqolo emazantsi icon ezinkulu, hayi, kodwa isandla opeyintayo icon abanetalente, yabona kwaye kwezi misebenzi.

iinkosi yokuqala imifanekiso

Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-14, ubuchule oyile umzobo iye yangcono noko ngenxa inkangeleko tonkotertyh ipeyinti.

ngabapeyinti ngobude Russian kumaxesha amva:

• Dionisiy (1440-1502), kumkani oyithandayo Ivan III. Lo mlawuli esetyenzisiweyo ukungakuhlawulisi umzobi beqabe ezinye itempile, uze ke umana batyelela opeyintayo icon wabukela umsebenzi.
• Alexey Zubov (1682-1750) - inkosi likhulu Russian lokukrola vutshila lama uPetros Yokuqala. Wasebenza kunye notata wakhe, i ebalaseleyo opeyintayo icon Fedorom Zubovym. Bobabini ke wapeyinta Izikrweqe Chamber of the Moscow yesicelo.
• Nikitin Ivan (1680-1742) - ngomzobi Russian, omnye iinkosi yokuqala Russian na imifanekiso, ofundileyo eYurophu. Nguye kwindawo ekhethekileyo uPetros Omkhulu. Umsebenzi idumileyo wegcisa - eni kaKumkani Polish Agasti II kunye iNkosana Mecklenburg.

Russian umfanekiso opeyintayo kwenkulungwane ye-18

Master ibhrashi eminyaka edlulileyo, njengoko umthetho, abandakanyeke nokupeyinta ecaweni. Noko ke, ngenkulungwane ye-18 yaba ngexesha lokuzalwa ngobude art kwifomu yalo ecocekileyo, xa opeyintayo ibonisa umfanekiso ngelaphu yomntu othile. Russian portrait opeyintayo ngelo xesha egcinwe isikolo classical kwezobugcisa ocoliweyo, ebandakanya nokuzala ngqo eziphathelele. Xa imifanekiso, le ndlela yeyona ilungileyo impendulo imisebenzi eyabelwe Executive - ukuphumeza umfanekiso enjalo, ukuze ke wazala zonke linophawu style yobugcisa yaye waba nelona galelo likhulu. Umsebenzi kubonakala ukuba nzima kakhulu kunye noxanduva. Kunjalo odumileyo Russian Mfanekiso opeyintayo ukumelana ngokupheleleyo nayo. Kwaku ngaphezu ngokwaneleyo, inkundla izikhulu lonke kunye namalungu imifela zabarhwebi nje emonela- wayalela eni kunye nosapho lwakhe.

kubantu abazizityebi akhetha ukumema ngabapeyinti endlwini yakhe, njengokuba kulo mzekelo, intsapho iphela siyibukele inkqubo, kwaye igqalwa ifomu elungileyo. Russian portrait opeyintayo esetyenziswayo ukuze baphile ubomi osisityebi, ngoko zama ukuthatha ii-odolo ezininzi kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Ukuba ekupheleni intloko yomsebenzi zomfanekiso usapho ngathi onke amalungu osapho, igcisa wafumana umyalelo olandelayo endlwini enye. Ngoko ke, lo mfanekiso ngomzobi Russian Waye ezifunwayo amaGrike akumgangatho ophezulu kwaye ahlale ngaphandle emsebenzini. Artists kakhulu nempumelelo babemenyiwe lwegumbi royal ukwenza izabelo ezibalulekileyo.

Le bemilingo of imifanekiso

Xa ubugcisa yokudweba, kwithuba le Renaissance, eRashiya kukho amagcisa ezininzi abanetalente.

Russian umfanekiso opeyintayo kwenkulungwane ye-18:

• Antropov Alexei (1716-1795) - odumileyo Russian portrait opeyintayo, inxaxheba uhombiso lakwaWinter Palace ngo 1744-m kunye Tsarskoye Selo ngo-1749. Phantsi kobunkokheli bakhe, abazobi wazoba eSt Andrew eseVan Kiev. Ukususela 1761 Antropov owayefakwa Sinodi Orthodox njengoko imisebenzi abaziintloko umveleli lenkundla. Nakule igcisa zobugcisa Russian wafika kwixesha a portraitist onesiphiwo nguPetros.
• Borovikovskiy Vladimir (1757-1825) wazalelwa Mirgorod. Waba odumileyo emva kokudibana kunye uCatherine II, ngubani wabagxotha eCrimea ngo-1787. Umculi ipeyintwe elinye iingxande ngendlela uKumkanikazi, kwaye kwabonwa. UCatherine wavakalisa wayelithanda kunye Borovykovs'kogo imbasa imali, nto leyo ke kamva waya eSt Petersburg.
• Venetsianov Alex (1780-1847) - artist Russian, umseki sebali uhlobo imifanekiso. Waziwa ngomsebenzi wakhe "Umfanekiso uMama", ebhalwe 1801. Wafunda ubuchule yokudweba ukusuka wegcisa Borovikovsky.
• Kiprensky Orest (1782-1836) - an artist oye wangenela ngo-1804 kunye umzobo A. K. Valbe, kubhaliweyo indlela Rembrandt. Famous umsebenzi "eV Davydov", eyasekwa ngo-1809, eyomelezile igama wegcisa. canvases abaninzi Kiprensky igcinwe Tretyakov Igalari.
• Tropinin Vasily (1776-1857) - artist Russian, owaba odumileyo emva umfanekiso AS Pushkin uthunywe imbongi ngokwakhe. Womzobo ibiya S. A. Sobolevskogo, umhlobo Alexander. Portrait ibe umfanekiso ezaziwa imbongi omkhulu lonke ixesha.

Portrait lobuciko kwinkulungwane ye-19

Russian umfanekiso opeyintayo kwenkulungwane ye-19 - liqela amagcisa anetalente abaye babhenela uhlobo ebusweni image yabantu. Eyona idumileyo:

• Neff Timofey (1805-1876) - ngumlandeli isimbo kwizifundo kwimizobo, ifoto zembali. Wafunda ukupeyinta kwi Dresden art kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo. Ngowe-1826 wafudukela eSt Petersburg, apho nangoko aba odumileyo ngokubhala uthotho eni zabantu abadumileyo. Ngelo 1837th ndaya uhambo olude lonke eRashiya ukuba siqhelane intsomi eyoyame nobomi babantu. Emva kokubuyela wazoba ibandla lakwaWinter Palace, i "iSidlo Yokugqibela 'odumileyo ndibe phakathi le misebenzi. Wafumana sobuprofesa ngenxa yokudweba of Cathedral St. bakaIsake, kwangaxeshanye waba umgcini Hermitage yobuciko.
• Zaharov Pet (1816-1846) - Russian portrait opeyintayo kunye nxi enzima. inkwenkwe Unyaka-ubudala wafunyanwa ushiywe kwilali Chechen of Dadi-Yurt. Russian Jikelele Yermolov wamthabatha umntwana ikhuliswe. Ukuqaphela ukukwazi ukuzoba umntwana wakhe, wamnika uqeqesho encinane Petya ukuya opeyintayo portrait Lvu Volkovu. Ngowe-1836 Zakharov waphumelela ikhosi kwi-Academy of Arts and wafumana isihloko igcisa free.
• Makarov Ivan (1822-1897) - ngomzobi Russian, kuba ubomi zokudala wabhala Imizobo emininzi. imisebenzi yakhe, kwaye portraits, kubandakanywa nabo ngamany 'amaxesha ahlukeneyo, abhaliweyo Tretyakov Gallery, i-Russian Museum, i Academy of Arts Fine kunye namaholo mboniso lonke eRashiya. Ngowe-1844, Makarov wafudukela eSt Petersburg, apho waphumelela nesokuvuma uluntu metropolitan.

Umpeyinti-portraitist Tyranov

portraitist Russian (1808-1859), wayexakeke kumsebenzi icon-womzobo. Ngowe-1824, wadibana ne umzobi Venetsianov, owathi inkwenkwe esikolweni sakhe yokudweba, yaye xa izidanga, wanika Tyranova umfundi kwi-Art Academy. Bayahlelwa ngakumbi ngumzobi entsha waphumelela, wafumana imbasa yegolide encinane evela Academy 1836 waba umfundi kwi ihloniphekile uKarl Briullov. Ngokuba umsebenzi wakhe 'Girl kunye intambula, "yena unikwe kwisihloko academician. Ngoxa eRoma, wabhala imizobo yakhe ezinkulu: "Ntombazana, buthi amanzi kweenwele," "Ingelosi nesebe omnquma", "uMama kaMoses kwi-Nile". Emva koko, ekubuyeni kwakhe eSt Petersburg igcisa, igcisa ubunzima uthotho yamashwa, waza waba uyimfama. Ndafumana indawo yokufihla endlwini umzalwana wakhe kwisixeko Kashin. Kukho Tyranov waza wafa eneminyaka engama-51.

Sibonwe izixhobo elichaza

Zaryanko Sergei (1818-1870) - le portraitist obalaseleyo Russian, edume umdlalo wakhe abanalo ukukhanya isithunzi canvases zakhe. ndlela le womzobi sele kukubi ukuba ihlabathi lwangaphakathi mntu kubonisiwe kwi ngelaphu, ngokungathi ulahlekile ubutyebi abangasekhoyo, kusini na neethowuni. Total Zaryanko wabhala malunga eni ezilikhulu, uninzi lwazo azinikele umlawuli, nentsapho yakhe baba ngabafo kwinkundla ephakamileyo.

Ndi inkosi

Zhodeyko Z (1827-1879) - Russian portrait-opeyintayo, umfundi Moscow St Petersburg artist Zaryanko Markov inkosi nomfundisi Academy of Arts. Wayepeyinta becala eni yabafazi. Lowo wamkela kwisihloko academician ngenxa womzobo "Girl sokuhlambela". Yena waba inxaxheba rhoqo lo mboniso yonyaka, sibanjwe phantsi kwephiko Academy of Fine Arts of St. Petersburg.

Artist style kakhulu

Kramskoy Ivan Nikolaevich (1837-1887) - i inkosi obalaseleyo imifanekiso, imizobo yonqulo, uhlobo picture. Umbhali lwemizobo ebonisa ababhali edumileyo, amagcisa, abadlali, phakathi kwabo kwakukho: L. N. Tolstoy (we-1883), ME Saltykov-Shchedrin (we-1879), I. I. Shishkin (1873 th), S. P. Botkin (we-1880), P. M. Tretyakov (th 1876).

artist ubomi zabanjwa subtext yentanda kwaye kakhulu umsebenzi wakhe, ingakumbi ephawuleka kwi imizobo portrait: "Ongaziwayo", "NA Nekrasov," "lusizi Intlungu", ayayilwa kwisithuba ukususela 1877 ukuya 1884. Ezi yobuciko aseNtsho Tretyakov Igalari.

portraits Artistic kwinkulungwane yama-20

Le kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini yaba elinzima iRashiya. uqhushululu kwezopolitiko, iimfazwe anegazi ezimbini washiya uphawu zabo zophuhliso zeli lizwe. Kodwa ubuciko wayesaphila, kule minyaka yasemva kwemfazwe leyo, wayephilise imizobo, kuquka umfanekiso. Iimvumi babembalwa, kodwa bonke badlula kwisikolo elungileyo.

amagcisa Russian ye portraitists kwinkulungwane yama-20:

• Engels Kozlov - eSoviet portrait opeyintayo, owazalwa ngo-1926, baphumelela Yaroslavl Art School, ngoko ababhalise kwikhosi yokudweba Repin iLeningrad Institute. Ngowe-1956, iKomishoni thaca thesis lothweso yayo 'Ngaba ubomi! " Yena lilungu Union of Artists ukususela 1957. Eyinhloko bobuchule Kozlov - eni bexesha.
• Lomakin Oleg - umfanekiso-opeyintayo kwexesha yiSoviet, wazalwa ngo-1924. Lokubandakanyeka esikolweni ubugcisa Leningrad, ngoko - kwi All-Russian Academy of Arts. Ngowe-1942 awathunyelwa Olubomvu Army, kulwelwa Kursk, eyathi eneentlungu ezinkulu kwaye wagxothwa umkhosi zeeteksi. Makhe, zaveza yi umzobi, kuboniswa kwakhona kwimiboniso Ukususela ngowe-1952.
• Nevelshtein uSamuweli (1904-1983) - umfanekiso-opeyintayo, waphumelela VHUTEMAS. Ngenxa yemisebenzi kweshumi emininzi womzobi. Lo mxholo uyilo Nevelshtein baba enemifanekiso yabantu ababephila ngexesha lakhe. Portraitist yabamba imiboniso ezintlanu solo, bazithwala bezibambe eLeningrad, kumboniso wokuqala yaqhutywa ngowe-1944.
• Oreshnikov UViktor (1904-1987) - ngomzobi eSoviet kunye portraitist. Artist Abantu eSoviet Union, Ophumelele Amabhaso ezimbini Stalin. Xa umsebenzi sokulawula izifundo impumelelo kuqoqosho lwesizwe, kunye enemifanekiso yabantu bexesha lakhe.
• Shilov Aleksandr - Russian portrait-opeyintayo, wazalwa ngo-1943. UMdali unique eni nembali yokuqhelaniswa nezifundo. Ukuthatha inxaxheba kubomi beli, ilungu leBhunga kaRhulumente phantsi uMongameli Russian.

amagcisa adumileyo uhlobo mfanekiso

sele kudlule iminyaka emithandathu elikhulu ukususela ukubonakala zobugcisa zokubala izizukulwana ezininzi amagcisa. Ukongezelela ngabapeyinti sele sitshilo, kukho ezinye ngabafundisi abaninzi.

Ngobani - Russian Mfanekiso opeyintayo? Dwelisa kubo zicaciswe apha ngezantsi.

ngenkulungwane ye-18:

• Musikiyskiy Grigoriy Semenovich, ngumzobi inkundla ngobude.
• Gzel Georg, wayengumzobi Swiss ekudala wasebenza eRashiya.
• Nikitin Ivan Nikitich, opeyintayo enkundleni.
• Vishnyakov Ivan Yakovlevich, portraitist yabantu basebukhosini.
• Kolokolnikov Mina Lukic, igcisa komhlaba.
• Matveev Andrey Matveyevich portraitist enkundleni.

19:

• Ugryumov Grigoriy Ivanovich, ngumzobi yamahlwempu.
• Ivanov Andrey Ivanovich, amanene portrait-ngumzobi.
• Orlovsky, Aleksandr Osipovich artist yezikhulu.
• Sokolov Peter Fedorovich, portraitist ngenxa basebukhosini.