Strain - yinto inkcubeko enyulu ezincinane. Amagciwane ibhaktiriya, iintsholongwane, nezinye izinto,

Eziphilayo ukuchaza ephilayo ethile, elibhekisela zonke izipho zoMoya izilwanyana, nomngundo okanye izityalo, iye yaphuhliswa nokuhlelwa yayo. Oku kubonisa ukuba ilungu efanayo iintlobo kuxhomekeka iimpawu morphology imbonakalo. Ukuze izilwanyana ezisebenzayo iikhrayitheriya zokuhlela iintlobo, ngokuxhomekeke kubuchule ukunika inzala otyebileyo ngexesha isichumiso. Nangona kunjalo, le mithetho isebenza kuphela ezi eziphilayo, lo gama i-ntsholongwane asikwazi ukuba zihlelwe ngale ndlela.

Ingcamango iingxaki eziphilayo

Ngenxa inani elikhulu eziphilayo zinezinto morphological, kodwa iinkalo ezahlukeneyo hormone ngumzimba, akunakwenzeka ukuba ayithiye igama ukusebenzisa nokuhlelwa eqhelekileyo. Ngenxa yoko, oyinikeleyo into enjalo ubunzima. Le inkcubeko enyulu amagciwane ukuba akwazi ukuchonga ayivalele kwindawo ethile ngeyure ethile.

leentsholongwane nganye, lalo uhlobo enye, efanayo kwezinye abamele ngokweempawu kwemichiza, morphological, iimfuzo ngumzimba. Kodwa ngaphakathi zohlobo olufanayo bacteria izifaniso abanjalo ulandelwe. Ngenxa yobunzima - nebonelela ngakumbi igama eziphilayo inkcubeko. Ekubeni exchange ngokukhawuleza genetic material (izakhi) kukhokelela yimbonakalo eziphilayo ezintsha ngaphakathi iintlobo, kodwa kunye nezinye iipropati, kuba le nkcazelo ikuvumela ukuchaza ngokuchanekileyo ngakumbi phathogenicity kunye virulence izinto.

ezimelene bacteria

Le nokuhlelwa yangoku iintsholongwane ukuba lokuhlela iintlobo eziphilayo, kodwa ubeluphawu nemihlaba yabo entsha. Le yokugqibela kuvela ngenxa ukuziguqula okukhawulezayo, ukufumana iimpawu ezintsha, kuquka yayintsholongwane eyosulela abantu, izilwanyana zasefama kunye nezityalo, kwakunye nezinye ziintsholongwane. UMZEKELO nokuhlelwa umzekelo E. coli lumi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: ubukumkani - iintsholongwane uchwetheze - proteobacteria, udidi wesigrike-proteobacteria, ukuze - Enterobacteriales, usapho Enterobacteriaceae. Induku - Escherichia, kunye nembono - Escherichia colli. Noko ke, kukho iintlobo ezininzi iintsholongwane iinkcubeko Escherichia colli, ubonise iimpawu. Zahlula-hlulwe iintlobo ezahlukeneyo iintsholongwane babe igama. Umzekelo, Escherichia O157 colli: H7.

Wodwa E. coli ekhoyo ethunjini yoluntu akubangeli izifo, kodwa uhlobo O157: H7 - yayintsholongwane eyosulela kuphela ngenxa yobukho izinto ezingaphezulu virulence. Waphawula izifo Ubhubhane enterotoxigenic kule minyaka mi-5 idlulileyo.

ezimelene legciwane

Ingcamango yokuba nzima - a izinto isihloko bhetyebhetye kunye efanayo iimpawu eziye zikhawulezelwe koko ezichongiweyo kwaye zichazwa kwindawo ethile ngexesha elithile. Ekubeni virus yayo sibhalo bafumane iipropati ezintsha ngenxa kokushenxa antigenic. Oku kuya kudala ubunzima omtsha wentsholongwane egazini kunokuba yayintsholongwane eyosulela kakhulu ngaphezu kakhokho wayo.

Bonisa ukuvela iintlobo ezintsha kunokuba umzekelo intsholongwane yomkhuhlane. Lingcwaba lomfo orthomyxovirus usapho kwaye sibizwa kuxhomekeka awakwazi (hemagglutinin kunye neuraminidase) HxNy. X and Y - lixabiso lenani, ebonisa ubukho ezisegazini. Umzekelo - H5N1, eyaziwa ngokuba ubhubhane kutshanje flu kunye ukopha pneumonia ngokukhawuleza progressive. Ngokutsho kwithiyori ubunzima ngenxa uhlobo entsha kwaye iyingozi kakhulu kunokuba ukuphuhlisa njengoko kokushenxa antigenic.

Ngeentlobo imingxunya amagciwane protists

Kuzo zonke ezi ntsholongwane sikuyo variable ubuncinane, nangona ngamachiza yabo nayo entsonkothileyo. Ngokuncama isakhiwo anzima ngakumbi kunobo kwiintsholongwane, kwakunye ngenxa yokungabikho uzilo iindlela transfer zofuzo Ngeentlobo ezinzwaneni ukunyuka ezintsha kancinane. Kukho imbono kutshanje ukuba nasiphi na esitsha bafumanisa uhlobo ezinzwaneni - kuvela phambi emzimbeni, nto leyo nje ukuza kuyo abaphandi.

A isimo esifanayo ebukumkanini protists. Isakhono ngokuguquka incinane, kuba nokwenzeka ukuba iintlobo ezintsha kubonakala ngokukhawuleza, incinci kakhulu. Noko ke, iinguqulelo ezintsha ze eziphilayo zohlobo olufanayo kusengenzeka. Ngokuba, kubonakala, nabo khona ngaphambili, kodwa abakufumana.