Iintlobo zamazambane e Belarus: ekuqaleni, Medium ekuqaleni, phakathi-xesha, srednepozdnie, isihloko, incazelo, imveliso

E Belarus namazambane ukulima kwaqala kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane XVIII. Ngokutsho data yembali, imfuno kwakhula ngokuthe ngcembe, yaye ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XIX amazambane yaba nokusasazwa kakhulu. indawo yokunciphisa lakhula ngokukhawuleza. Phakathi kwenkulungwane XIX, amazambane waba yindlela ephambili yengeniso mhlaba Belarusian. Le mveliso zithunyelwa eRashiya, eJamani, kumazwe eBaltic. Namhlanje Belarus yindawo yesixhenxe ebekekileyo phakathi kubathengisi inkulu yeetapile kwimarike yehlabathi.

izambane Belarusian I imfihlelo yempumelelo

Ngokutsho kweengcali, uphuhliso iitapile e Belarus kungachazwa:

• umhlaba elilungileyo kunye neemeko zemozulu;
• ubukho ngokwesithethe elide kwimveliso kulinywe;
• olukumgangatho ophezulu yenkxaso lwenzululwazi;
• izixhobo zobuchwepheshe wenqwelwana;
• ulwazi olunzulu of zezolimo;
• indawo evumayo geographical, igalelo marketing ngempumelelo imveliso.

abalimi umsebenzi

iintlobo ezintsha ziye sirhoxisiwe ngenxa Belarusian Research Institute for potato. Baya kuza kumaqela ahlukeneyo sivuthiwe kwaye iinjongo ezahlukeneyo. Ingakumbi kukuninzi zaye kungarhoxiswa kwangethuba kwaye Medium iintlobo okuqala iitapile yokuzalela Belarusian.

Ithandwa kakhulu phakathi abanini imiyezo, njengoko abavumela ukuba ukufumana isityalo ngexeshana elifutshane. Kulula ukuqokelela kwixesha lonyaka ezithathu amazambane, kunokuba balindele ukuba uhlobo kade-ivuthwa kakhulu zahluke.

New iintlobo zamazambane e Belarus bahlangabezane ngokupheleleyo iimfuno standard ehlabathini.

Potato iintlobo zezi:

• Early. Ubude wokukhula kunye nezityalo ke elifutshane. iingcambu zesityalo ekuqaleni Epreli. Zikhiwa iinyanga ezi-2. Icala elisezantsi olu hlobo kukuba lokugcinwa bufutshane.
• Medium ekuqaleni. Bona ilondolozwe ngaphantsi kakuhle kunye whimsicality. ixesha Izihluma ihlala iintsuku 60-80.
• Ngaba phakathi. Uhlobo kakhulu. Zikhiwa Agasti. Ubude kohlaza kukho kwasemihleni 80 ukuya 100. Ezi ntlobo ke othandwa kakhulu, njengoko zigcinwe kakuhle yaye incasa kakhulu.
• Srednepozdnie. They are nabalulamileyo. Ezi ntlobo kungenzeka yokugcina ebusika. zintshule eyongezelelweyo ingafuneki. Ubude kohlaza luphakathi 100 ukuya 120 iintsuku.

Belarusian Research Institute for potato

I-Institute yavulwa ngo-1956. Nanamhla oku, iintlobo zamazambane e Belarus ibonisa ziingcali yayo. Kuba lonke ixesha ubukho Institute ifumene 100 abalimi kwiintlobo. Phambi kokuba uqale ngokutyala iintlobo ezintsha, oko kuvavanywa iminyaka emithathu. A irekhodi ukuba izazinzulu yaba kunyaka 1970 xa iintlobo Belarusian ka 'isantya "yaye" Loshitsa "uzilime ikota isithuba elalisakuba yiSoviet Union. Kugcine kwabizwa ngenxa Institute ebizwa ngokuba "umbhalo".

Okwangoku, le Ilebhu iisampuli imveliso entsha ngaphezu kwe-100 lamawaka. iimvavanyo Selection ziya kuqhutywa kangangeminyaka eyi-12, uze ukhethe uhlobo ilungileyo. Ngokutsho kwesi sikimu, ukukhethwa oluqhutywa Belarus ukususela 1927.

Imozulu kutshintshile kule minyaka ingama-20 idlulileyo Belarus. Ekuqaleni iitapile ukufika waqala Meyi 5. Ngoku ke ukuqala kwiiveki 2 ngaphambili. Ngoko ke kukho imfuneko ukwenza iintlobo ezintsha malilungiselelwe lobushushu eliphezulu ngumsindo.

Zeziphi iintlobo ezintsha silindele?

iintlobo Universal zamazambane e Belarus akayi kuyilwa. Izazinzulu ndiwulahle lo mbono. Noko ke, ngokokubona yam yodwa. Esi simemo akujongwa zizazinzulu kulo lonke ihlabathi.

ingqalelo ekhethekileyo ihlawulwe Belarusian izazinzulu ngeentlobo ukuze iqwalaselwe. Kuye sele yenziwe amazambane lokuzala, nto leyo efanelekileyo imveliso neetshiphusi. Kukho i umsebenzi esebenzayo kwi nokudalwa ingcambu ngenxa obugqithiseleyo.

ukususwa processing itapile ngaphandle pre-ukufudumeza - ulwalathiso ngokupheleleyo entsha. Namhlanje, abenzi senze ukhetho ukugcina imveliso kubushushu ka-8 C °, ngokuthi ziyibuyisela ukukhula kwayo inhibitors okanye kugcino phantsi ubushushu kakhulu kangangoko ngokuba ingcambu ° 2-4C. Kulo mzekelo, phambi iitapile yokwenza kufuneka itshiswe kwiqondo lobushushu of 14-18S ° iiveki ezimbini. Oku kunciphisa umxholo iswekile. ziingcali Belarus isicelo konke okusemandleni alo ukwenza ibanga kangangokuba ufuna ukugcinwa kubushushu ka 2-3S ° ngaphandle ukufudumeza.

Umzamo ukudala namazambane ngempumelelo iintlobo transgenic ukuba akathweswa sithsaba

Kodwa izama ukwenza iintlobo yeetapile e Belarus, kodwa kuxhomekeke ekoyiseni eColorado neetapile beetle, awukayi yimpumelelo. Ngokutsho izazinzulu, lo Inkathazo akwazi ukuziqhelanisa kwesa iitapile transgenic, ukuvelisa izinto eziyityhefu. Amaziko amaninzi ehlabathini wayeka ukusebenza kweli cala, siyihlole ngamampunge.

Inkokeli iphambili isebe itapile ukuvelisa kwi-Institute of Potato Ukukhulisa kwamabango Belarus Vadim Mihanko ukuba uyala beetle iitapile ayikho. Kokwehla lwenziwa ngendlela eya kuthintela le lwezinambuzane bakuqhele kwibakala elitsha. Ukulungiselela le njongo, 80% etyelwe potato transgenic ugalelwe-20% oluqhelekileyo. Izazinzulu wenza uphando. Baphose iitapile transgenic kuphela, leyo beetle Colorado neetapile ubekwe. 98% izinambuzane babulawa ne-2% wasinda, banda. Isiphetho ukuba ukusukela alikaziwa izazinzulu igalelo kuphuhliso lweentlobo ezintsha zabonwa.

Iitapile "uladar"

Olu hlobo loluka iintlobo ezintsha yokuqala. Kukho indawo yokutyela. Ukuphakama lezikhinkci ngokomlinganiselo, enesiqingatha-umphanda. Iziqu obhityileyo. Ishiya izityalo eliphakathi-ertyisi, imiphetho azinayo amazinyo. Iitapile "uladar" unika iintyatyambo purple.

Amatswele ukusuka namazambane abe seqanda. Le Amakhasi olulubhelu. Thelo ogudileyo, amehlo ezincinane. Ipete nalo yellow. Umxholo starch yi-17%. inqanaba hoxa yi quintals 130-350 kwihektare nganye.

Iitapile "uladar 'nabalulamileyo, kukho izinga eliphezulu yokumelana zizifo ezahlukahlukeneyo. Ngenxa lolu hlobo ndlela zonke iintlobo zemihlaba. Uhlobo lwembewu yayi vezelwe abalimi Belarusian. Namazambane yanwenwa eRashiya. Tasters kakhulu le uhlobo lamanqaku 7.

Grade "impahla"

Iitapile "impahla" kusisiphumo umsebenzi Belarusian Research Institute for breeder potato. Eli gama lithetha ipropati. Kodwa ulwimi Belarusian yaba intsingiselo eyahlukileyo - ubutyebi. Ukhetho lo gama ayikho ngengozi. Xa umba up amatswele zamazambane zifana zike negolide. Amatswele ezi Amakhasi mbhoxo, ebengezelayo.

Ibhekisela iintlobo itafile. Potato iintyatyambo ezimhlophe. Le fom iqulathe ukuya kwi-17% istatshi. Xa abilayo ayikho mnyama. Kuyinto ukumelana nezifo. Iintlobo limsulwa ngokugqibeleleyo. Ngaba ukunika iitoni 650 ngehektare nganye.

abalimi abaninzi banengcinga yokuba "impahla" iitapile zingasetyenziswa njenge additive zebhayoloji emhlabeni ngenjongo ukuhlanjululwa iintsholongwane ezahlukeneyo eziyingozi fungi ezosulela izityalo.

Grade "Zhuravinka"

Iitapile "Zhuravinka" libhekisela uhlobo iitapile medium of. Grade wafumana abalimi Belarusian. Isityalo ine ukuphakama. Iintyatyambo ebomvu evela kuye. Tuber seqanda. Iziqhamo wambu nesikhumba ebomvu. Enyameni umbala bukhrim.

Isiqulatho starch imveliso ifikelela kwi-19%. Isalathisi isivuno quintals 640 kwihektare nganye. Iitapile "Zhuravinka" unohlobo elungileyo. Olu uhlobo iyamelana yothuse iintsholongwane ezahlukeneyo. Kuba abemi Belarus, waba isonka yesibini ngenxa izivuno eliphezulu nelizinzileyo.

Iitapile "nomoya"

Olu hlobo loluka lokudlela eliphakathi-grade. Ukuze kulinywe yawo iyangqinelana naluphi na uhlobo lomhlaba. Le elisisiqu babengabafo medium, isiqingatha-line. Amagqabi amazambane imifino enkulu. phezu kungqameko amaza abanomoya. Siqhuqha ine avareji ubungakanani kunye nombala Violet.

Iitapile "nomoya" uye ntyatyambo enkulu epinki ukukhanya. Tuber ine seqanda. Kubhaliwe zigcwele amehlo kubunzulu avareji. Ixolo isonka kancinane, mthubi. Ipete nalo yellow. inqanaba starch yi-15%. It has a incasa emangalisayo. Xa upheka amazambane musa mnyama.

Iitapile "wobisi" imiboniso ukuxhathisa kwizifo ezifana nomhlaza, kukujaduka, mosaic rugose, kodwa basengozini lwegciwane isifo ezifana Globodera rostochiensis.

Grade "Lileya"

Iitapile "Lileya" libhekisela Phakathi itheyibhile ekuqaleni Potato esiXhoseni. Kwakhona wayila Belarusian Research Institute for breeder potato. Isityalo ine avareji ukuphakama. phakathi eluhlaza amagqabi. Iintyatyambo ezimhlophe.

Le amatswele yale ezahlukeneyo zezi okweqanda imilo. aba bahamba kunye nesikhumba ebengezelayo. Inyama lisikwa nge eyahlukileyo umbala umbala otyheli. inqanaba starch yi-17%. Neetapile emnandi.

Iintlobo iyamelana izifo ezifana nomhlaza. It akufundisayo ngokupheleleyo kuzo zonke iintlobo zomhlaba. Le namazambane yi izimbiwa isichumiso esifanelekileyo. Oku kuchaza inqanaba eliphezulu kwimveliso. I-avareji mzobo eekhilogremu 400 kwihektare nganye. Xa upheka neetapile uphuqeka.

Grade "Zorachka"

Iitapile "Zorachka" libhekisela ekuqaleni iintlobo itafile lokuvuthwa. Esiqwini ye umyinge izityalo. Iphepha Small eluhlaza. inqanaba sesivuno quintals 254-316 ngehektare nganye. Tuber inophawu seqanda, wazigquma ngamehlo amancinane.

Le Amakhasi olulubhelu. Inyama umbala otyheli ngombala. Olu uhlobo ezigcinwe ngokugqibeleleyo. Resistant kwizifo ezifana nomhlaza kunye nangembabala emva kwexesha, maxa wambi abachaphazelekayo Globodera rostochiensis.