Qhinga sophuhliso ezintsha Russia de 2020. inkqubo State of the Russian Federation

inkqubo State of the Russian Federation uye waba sisixhobo ingundoqo ekucombululeni iingxaki ibalulekileyo kuphuhliso lwentlalo noqoqosho. Innovation - yinxalenye inkqubela yezoqoqosho yalo naliphi na ilizwe. Ngoko ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ukufunda qhinga sophuhliso loqoqosho Russia ngokungqinelana sunguleni, iinjongo zaso kunye neendlela ukuphunyezwa.

Yintoni na izinto ezintsha?

Namhlanje, kukho iingcaciso ezininzi ezintsha. Le theyibhile ilandelayo inika ucazululo lokuthelekisa iingcamango ezingundoqo zasemzini ezichaza ezintsha eyahlukileyo. Owasungula le imfundiso Innovation Joseph Schumpeter kucingelwa ukuba ngokufundisisa uhlobo utshintsho ezinxulumene nezinto mezofitpoyavleniem ezintsha okanye iindlela kubomi babantu, wachaza nayiphi na utshintsho ezintsha.

I kakhulu kuyo wabikela ingqiqo ezintsha kwi iingcebiso ngamazwe ekuthiwa Guidelines Oslo kunye Frascati Manual. Kula maxwebhu, iguqulelwe phantse zonke iilwimi zehlabathi, isigama ezintsha itolikwa ngenxa yalo msebenzi, njengoko imveliso, ubuchwepheshe obutsha / ukuphucula okanye inkqubo esetyenziswa practice.

Innovations kukhokelela yokuvuselela eyinkunzi yaye ibandakanya kungekuphela nje ezintsha ngokwayo, kodwa amanqanaba indalo, ukuphunyezwa kunye nokusetyenziswa ezintsha ukuhlangabezana neemfuno eziguqu zabantu.

Yintoni ezintsha?

Innovation - intokazi, ukuphuhlisa inzululwazi, ngoko kukho iindawo ezininzi kwisahlulo ibe ngamaqela. Innovations zihlelwa ngokungqinelana uhlobo isicelo, oonobangela, izinga nempembelelo kwimveliso okanye enye inkqubo. Sele iyinto eyaziwayo ukuba zisebenzise oku kulandelayo ukuhlelwa ezintsha :

1. ezintsha Product. Bona ingqalelo kwimveliso kunye nokuqaliswa yeemveliso ezintsha. Ngenxa yoko kukho igunya yonikezelo phezu nokufunwa ngengqiqo kwezoqoqosho. Inguqu imveliso wabonakalisa kuqoqosho Russia ngexesha eSoviet.
2. ezobuchwepheshe. Ngokufuthi zibizwa Process, ukusukela ukuba ajolise ekulungiseni iinkqubo kunye nokusebenza ukwanda. ezobuchwepheshe bavame inzuzo kakhulu, njengoko zinako imali kwi yokuthengisa, ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa eluncedo kumnini.
3. ezintsha Social. Le utshintsho kubume kuluntu kunye kolwalamano iqela elithile eluntwini. Ngokufuthi baziswa ukutshintsha izinto ezibalulekileyo eluntwini, umzekelo, ukwandisa indima umsebenzi luncedo ekuhlaleni xa kuthelekiswa izilangazelelo zobuqu zabasebenzi.
4. ezintsha zolawulo. Quka update idilesi ngabalawuli bombutho.
5. ezintsha kwezoqoqosho. Yiba negalelo kuphuhliso loqoqosho wonke loo mmandla kunye nenkqubo esebenzayo iimeko zemarike iqumrhu loshishino ethile.

Umthetho ukucwangcisa kuphuhliso ezintsha eRashiya ukuya ku-2020

Regulatory Framework for inzululwazi neteknoloji baqala ukuphuhlisa elide phambi kokuba namhlanje. Nokuba kwixesha yiSoviet, sisungule imithetho izicwangciso zophuhliso lwezoqoqosho karhulumente, kuquka imiyalelo ekuphuculeni kumashishini ezibalulekileyo lizwe. Njengenxalenye yale iinguqulelo eziye ithandwa izicelo ezintsha ukusuka kubasebenzi ukuya ukwandisa ukusebenza ukuphunyezwa msebenzi. Yaba ndlela kakhulu ilula kwaye cheap yokukhuthaza abantu indlela non-standard emsebenzini wabo kwaye kube imali inkcitho engaphezulu ngqo emhlabeni ukuphucula de ugqitywe ezisa neziphumo ezibonakalayo kakhulu.

Uphuhliso ezintsha kananjalo bubonakala kwimimiselo, kwaye yeyona ibalulekileyo kwezi yaba 'Russian Innovative Development Strategy kwada 2020 ", December 8, 2011 evunywe yi-Federal Government № 2227-p.

Iyilelwe ukuba utshintshe kakhulu ubume uqoqosho lwethu, kuba amanqanaba ezintsha lwemiba zobugcisa zenzululwazi nolawulo, kunye nokunika ithuba kwicandelo lemfundo Russian ukuba akhuphisane neenkokheli zehlabathi kweli candelo.

Iinjongo Iinjongo

"IsiCwangciso soPhuhliso Innovative of Russia de-2020" umisela iindlela ezisisiseko neendlela kolawulo ngokwala maxesha kunye nokuphuculwa nkqubo ezintsha kweli lizwe. Iqulethe Iimpawu eziphambili, ezicetyelwe ekufuneka ziphunyezwe yi-2020. Baya usenokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke ngokuphumeza amanyathelo ebekwe phantsi kwesi sicwangciso sobuchule.

Ngokukodwa, sihlelwe ukunyusa inani lamashishini mveliso, nto leyo eya kukhokelela ekwandeni ethunyelwa kunye nesabelo weRashiya kwiimarike zamazwe ngamazwe ubugcisa obutsha. Njengoko ngesalathisi zibonisa iqondo kunye nobungakanani ngokucaphula Russian izazinzulu iincwadi kwiijenali zenzululwazi ngamazwe. Development kunye Nelungelo umgangatho wemfundo ephakamileyo nayo kunikelwa ingqalelo ekhethekileyo.

ukuqaliswa indlela

qhinga Russian Uphuhliso ezintsha kuquka le misebenzi ilandelayo:

• Ukuqaliswa ubugcisa ezintsha kwi-arhente zikarhulumente, imibutho karhulumente-ngemali.
• Yotshintsho nkqubo olawula ezabasebenzi kwizifundo zesayensi, zethekhinoloji, ezintsha kunye nemfundo.
• Motivation nokukhuthazwa kwamashishini ezintsha.
• ERashiya inxaxheba kwezoyilo ezininzi ezintsha ehlabathini kunye nokudalwa izihloko ezintsha.

Strategy "Innovative eRashiya-2020" iya kuphunyezwa kuthathelwa ingqalelo eziphambili kuphuhliso lweteknoloji ye imimandla ethile kwelo lizwe kunye nenkxaso karhulumente olusebenzayo ushishino lwabucala kwinkalo nokuqhubekayo.

Iindlela ezingundoqo ekuphumezeni esi sicwangciso waqalisa inkqubo kwinqanaba federal yokuqhelaniswa nezifundo zenzululwazi nobugcisa, kwakunye nenkqubo zommandla ixesha elide ekuphuhliseni inzululwazi, imfundo kunye ezintsha.

Iingozi ezinxulumene nokuqaliswa kwe

inkqubo State of the Russian Federation azisoloko ukufezekisa iinjongo zabo. Ziziphi iingozi ukuba isicwangciso esitsha sophuhliso ezintsha of Russia ukuya ku-2020 iya kuba utshonile?

Okokuqala, iziphumo ezibi unako ukunika izizathu, ngenxa yezinto:

• utshintsho zeziseko.
• utshintsho Abasebenzi kule mibutho qhinga kunye nezixhobo karhulumente.
• Ukungazinzi lwezemali olunempumelelo kwezoqoqosho.

Okwesibini, kukho nazo:

• utshintsho olukhulu kwezemfundo, apho ukujongela inkqubo uyila izinto zenzululwazi enokubakho.
• Ukutshintsha inani izazinzulu kwinzululwazi elingundoqo isicelo.
• Ukuncitshiswa elibukhali mali kushishino imfundo.

"Development Strategy Innovative of Russia de 2020" ilungiselelwe ukuba baphathe nhlanganiso ezintsha ngokwenene uqoqosho lwasekhaya kunye nokuqinisekisa intlalontle baseRashiya kwiminyaka ezayo. Ukuhlaziywa yangoku kwishishini yemfundo njengoko ugxininiso kwakhona eqinisekisa urhulumente Russian kule result.