Neembongi Russian zenkulungwane yama-20. Ubuchule iimbongi abaneminyaka 19-20

Umbhali Russian omkhulu Mxim Gorky wathi "kwi ncwadi kwenkulungwane ye-19 zazibonisa inkqubela enkulu umoya, ingqondo kunye nentliziyo artist oyinyaniso." Oku kuboniswe ngemisebenzi yababhali zenkulungwane yama-20. Emva revolution ka-1905, iMfazwe Yehlabathi I kunye War Civil, waqalisa ihlabathi ukuba iba ngathi. Kwakukho nokungavisisani zentlalo, umsebenzi abuyele yonke yangaphambili kuthatha phezu uncwadi. ERashiya waqala ukuba ndimvuse ingcamango yentanda ezizimeleyo kwakukho izinto ezintsha zobugcisa, ababhali kunye iimbongi lamanani babebiza imali kwinkulungwane yama-20 yaye bazitshitshisela yokuziphatha endala.

Yintoni na, iincwadi phezu ekujikeni kwenkulungwane?

Endaweni classicism kwimizobo weza kwimpucuko, nabanako ukwahlulelana ngokwamasebe ezininzi: imiqondiso, Acmeism, futurism, imagism. Ndaqhubeka ukuze baphumelele ngokoqobo, apho ihlabathi ngaphakathi iboniswe ngokungqinelana nemeko yayo zentlalo; okuchithwa bobusoshiyali akazange avumele ukugxeka abasemagunyeni, ngoko ke ababhali umsebenzi wakhe ezama ukuphakamisa imibandela yezopolitiko. Ngexesha yobudala yegolide nesilivere ababelandelene izimvo zabo ngesibindi ezintsha kunye izihloko ezahlukeneyo. iimbongi le mibongo kwinkulungwane yama-20 zabhalwa ngokungqinelana kwindlela ethile kunye nesimbo; ngokuba yokubhala Mayakovsky kaThixo iphawulwa ileli, kuba Khlebnikov - occasionalisms zakhe ezininzi Severianin - rhyme engaqhelekanga.

Ukusuka Futurism ku ngokoqobo Socialist

Xa olube yimpumelelo imbongi lugxile uphawu ethile, uthsuphe, ngoko ke intsingiselo yalo msebenzi kunokuba multi-kakhulu. Abameli engundoqo Zinaida Gippius, Alexander Blok, nguDmitry Merezhkovsky. Ba befuna lomgadi siseko ongunaphakade, lo gama libhekisela nobugqi. Ngowe-1910, lunengxaki nemifuziselo - zonke izimvo sele dismantle, kwaye umfundi abayi kufumana nto intsha kule mihobe.

I Futurism eziphikisana ngokupheleleyo izithethe endala. Xa translation, eli gama lithetha "ubugcisa elizayo", ababhali kuye kwatsala abaphulaphuli eyothusayo, sikrwada kunye nokucacisa. Imibongo lo mkhuba - Vladimir Mayakovsky kunye Osip Hope - esibonakala wokuqala kunye namagama nonce (amagama yombhali).

okuchithwa Socialist lo msebenzi wabeka abasebenzi zemfundo umoya socialism. Ababhali ezotywe imeko ezithile eluntwini yophuhliso olululo. Iimbongi bema ngaphandle ingakumbi Marina Tsvetaeva, kunye novelists - Mxim Gorky, uMikhail Sholokhov, UYevgeny Zamyatin.

Ukusuka acmeism ukuba novokrestyanskoy lyrics

Imagism kuvele eRashiya kwiminyaka yokuqala emva kokuba revolution. Ngaphandle koku, Sergey Esenin kunye Anatoly Mariengof nto ibonakala nobuchule izimvo zoluntu kunye nezopolitiko. Abameli kulo mkhuba ngelithi ukuba umbongo kufuneka emile, ngoko ke musa ukuhlala phezu izafobe, epithets, kunye nezinye iindlela zokuvakalisa ezobugcisa.

lyrics abameli novokrestyanskoy abhenela imisebenzi yakhe kwizithethe iintsomi, siye iyayithanda ubomi yasemaphandleni. Kwaba imbongi Russian kwenkulungwane yama-20 Sergey Esenin. Imibongo yakhe - enyulu yaye unyanisekile, yaye umbhali uchaza kuzo uhlobo ulonwabo elula oluntu, ebhekisela isithethe Aleksandra Pushkina kunye uMikhail Lermontov. Emva kokuba revolution ka-1917 waye indawo uyoliswa ukuphoxeka babephila mfutshane-.

Igama elithi "Acmeism" lithetha "lixesha lokuba okwentyatyambo." Iimbongi zenkulungwane yama-20, UNikolai Gumilev, uAnna Akhmatova, Osip Hope kunye Sergey Gorodetsky emsebenzini wakhe emva elidlulileyo neRashiya yamkele Eyokuqiqa elivuyisayo lobomi, ukucacisa izimvo, elula koomofu. Babebonakala ukuba nibuye umva nobunzima, ngobunono bahamba ngaso kuloo mlambo, besithi ukuba akunakwenzeka ukuba ukwazi yokumazi.

ukuqhama yentanda nangokwasengqondweni zombongo Bunin kaThixo

Ivan waba imbongi bephila ezinqumlayo zaphawula ezimbini, ngoko imisebenzi yakhe wawubonisa amava ezinxulumene kuqala mihla, Noko ke, waqhubeka isithethe Pushkin. Kulo mbongo "Hosi", azise ukuba umfundi ingcamango ukuba ulonwabo ayikho izinto eziphathekayo, kodwa umntu: "Ndibona, nive, ndinixelele, happy - bonke kum." Ngamanye imisebenzi, uTshawe ombambazelayo ivumela ukuba bacinge malunga transience wobomi, kuba ngunobangela lonxunguphalo.

Bunin ukwenza kwimisebenzi eRashiya nakumazwe aphesheya, emva kokuba Revolution wathumela iimbongi ezininzi kwinkulungwane yama-20 ukubhala. E Paris, uvakalelwa ngathi owasemzini - "intaka iye yentaka, irhamncwa wayidla umngxuma", yaye ilizwe lokuzalwa kwakhe, yena waphulukana. Bunin lusindiso yakhe italente wafumana ibhaso le-Nobel ngo-1933, yaye eRashiya kucingwa lutshaba abantu, kodwa musa ukuyeka ukuchwetheza.

weengoma inkanuko, imbongi kunye kicker

Sergey Yesenin waba Imagist kwaye ukudala amagama amatsha, nokonyusa amazwi abafileyo ziluvingcile kubo imifanekiso eqaqambileyo zemibongo. Esikolweni, waba rogues adumileyo kunye yayisa ngokusebenzisa umgangatho wobomi bakhe bonke, yaba frequenter weendawo zentselo, imicimbi uthando odumileyo. Sekunjalo, yena nangokuzinikela wayendithanda belizwe lakhe: "Ndiya kuvuma ngazo zonke ukuba kwami yimbongi anantandathu ilizwe amagama Mfutshane" Rus "- iimbongi ezininzi kwinkulungwane yama-20 ekwabelwana ukuvelela ngenxa ilizwe lokuzalwa kwakhe. Tubidy bulumko Esenina ityhila ingxaki yobukho bomntu emva 1917 imbongi lithemba. revolution, kuba endaweni yokuba ubomi kwiparadesi elide-elindelwe kuye baba esihogweni.

Night, isitalato, isibane, semithi ...

Alexander Blok - imbongi kakhulu akrelekrele Russian zenkulungwane yama-20, owabhala kwi "kumzekeliso". Kunika umdla ukubona indlela kwemvelo yomfanekiso nemazi ukusuka nezokuqokelela ingqokelela: ukusuka Mhle Lady ukuya ndiyazingca uCarmen. Ukuba ekuqaleni deifies into yothando lwakhe, oko kuyinyaniso akazange abe nobuganga ezonakalisa, kamva amantombazana kubonakala kuye zidalwa ezingenamsebenzi ngakumbi. Ngokusebenzisa ihlabathi elimangalisayo le romanticism, uyifumane intsingiselo, bayihambahamba iingxaki zobomi, usabela kwimibongo yakhe iziganeko ebalulekileyo yoluntu. Kulo mbongo "I abalishumi elinababini," yena lidlulisela ingcamango yokuba revolution - hayi isiphelo sehlabathi, kwaye injongo yayo ephambili ukutshatyalaliswa esidala kunye nokudalwa ihlabathi elitsha. Abafundi baya ukukhumbula ukuba awodwa njengoko umbhali walo mbongo "Night, isitalato, isibane, ekhemisti ...", apho ibonisa ngentsingiselo yobomi.

Abafazi ababini ababhali

Iingcali zefilosofi kunye iimbongi zenkulungwane yama-20 baba kakhulu ngabantu, yaye italente yabo yatyhilwa ngenxa babizwa ngokuba yena. Abafazi babesebenza ngokwabo phantsi kwempembelelo imo yabo, kwaye poetesses ezigqamileyo Silver Age baba Anna Akhmatova kunye Marina Tsvetaeva. Eyokuqala yaba umfazi Nikolaya Gumileva, yaye umtshato wabo wazalwa le mbali odumileyo Lev Gumilyov. Anna Akhmatova akazange abonise umdla izitanza olugqibeleleyo - imibongo yakhe ayikwazanga kumiselwa umculo, indlela yokuvakalisa zobugcisa ayembalwa. Le kwayo izifundo mthubi ezingwevu kule nkcazelo, amahlwempu buze bacebise readers ukulangazelela ukuvumela ukuba achaze imo yokwenene imbongi, basinda ukudubula yendoda yakhe.

Isiphelo Mariny Tsvetaevoy kabuhlungu. Yena waphumelela ukuzibulala, kunye iinyanga ezimbini emva kokufa kwakhe, wadutyulwa ngumyeni wakhe Sergei Efron. Kubafundi njalo lakhumbula blonde omncinane, enxulumene uhlobo ngegazi. amaninzi kakhulu ekwenzeni umsebenzi wakhe efakiwe amaqunube rowan ukuba ngonaphakade wangena heraldry kwimibongo yakhe: "ibhrashi intaba Red ash Wazikhanyisa amagqabi esiwa Ndazalwa ..."

Le mibongo okungaqhelekanga neembongi abaneminyaka 19-20?

Kule iinkosi entsha kwinkulungwane ye ebuhlanti ilizwi ezivunyiweyo iintlobo ezintsha kunye nemixholo yemisebenzi yakhe. Hlala ezifanelekileyo, umyalezo mbongo kwezinye iimbongi kunye nabahlobo. Imagist Vadim Shershenevich kumangaliswa umsebenzi "thowusti 'yakhe. Yena akayi faka kuso uphawu olunye iziphumlisi akuthethi izikhewu ukuhamba phakathi kwala magama, kodwa ngokuphuma ubuxoki kwenye: ujonge okubhaliweyo kwamehlo imigca kwi bomtya, oko kunokubonwa njenge eme phakathi kwezinye amazwi, amanye oonobumba abakhulu uyila umyalezo: Valery Bryusov ukusuka umbhali .

vsemykakbudtonarolikah

sValitsyalegkonoseychas

mchAtsyaiveselOiskolko

damLorniruyutoTmennonas

nashgErBukrashenlikorami

imydeRzkiedushAsshiprom

ischemYugIyulyavoVsomformu

mchaSiloYuotkryToklipper

znOynoznaemchtOvseyunoshi

iVsepochtigovoRyubezusye

UtverzhdayaetochAshkupunsha

pomsradostyuzabryusova

Ubuchule iimbongi zenkulungwane yama-20 ngobambana xa ngokuphuma yayo. Vladimir Mayakovsky kwakhona ukukhunjulwa ngokuba udale uhlobo olutsha vesi - ". Ileli" Imbongi wabhala imibongo nangaliphi na ixesha, kodwa wathi encinane ngothando; Kuye kufundwe njengento yakudala nanto, izigidi eziprintiweyo, abaphulaphuli wamthanda sisiphango lwakhe kunye ezintsha.