Imigaqo lokuhanjiswa iIncoterms 2010

Imigaqo lonikezelo - yiseti lwemithetho elawula njani kwaye yintoni ixesha impahla zizaku nikezelwa ukusuka ngapha nangapha njengoko iya kuhlawula,-inshorensi, ojongene ukhuseleko kwi kwisigaba ethile yezothutho kunye nezinye.

Inxalenye ebalulekileyo kurhwebo lwehlabathi accounted for yorhwebo yamazwe ngamazwe, nto leyo idala imfuneko yokumanya imithetho buyo kwempahla ngokuxhomekeke kumthetho wesizwe. Ukulungiselela le njongo phantse 80 iminyaka, ekhutshwe yi-International imithetho nokutolikwa imiqathango zorhwebo (iIncoterms), nto leyo eziqulathe imigaqo esisiseko yonikezelo.

Ndimele ndithi ukuba ukusetyenziswa iIncoterms kwilizwe lethu ingcebiso. Kodwa ukuba kukho njengesalathisi iimeko ezisisiseko ezichazwe kwimithetho contract, ukuthobela uba enyanzelekileyo. Abanye kufuneka akhokelwe kwicandelo lesine Civil Code, leyo ochaziweyo inkqubo isicelo ezithile izenzo zoshishino (kwiSiqendu 1211).

Okwangoku, urhwebo isetyenziswa isigama iIncoterms 2010. Le migaqo anamalungiselelo elinanye ezingundoqo, nto leyo ibonisa kunye ngokwemiqathango yonikezelo. Abanye kubo Musani ukusebenzela omnye uhlobo izithuthi, nangenxa wonke nje umqokozo abathwali. Ukususela uhlelo lwangaphambili (2000) nemigaqo yahlukile kuba wabonakala iiForam DAT kunye DAP, owathatha imiqathango delivery DAF, DDU, DEQ kunye ezintlantlu.

Igama elithi DAF phantsi imimiselo endala kwakuthetha ukuba unikezelo kwempahla kwenziwa umthengisi kumthengi kwindawo ogama kwaye beka kwi ndawo (phambi kokuba iimpahla kumda nezithethe kwicala lomthengi i). Xa le mveliso sele kudlule iinkqubo amasiko ngenxa kumazwe angaphandle kunye nabangekafumani makasuswe kwisithuthi. Ngenxa yoko, le nto ukusiwa kwazo kuya kuqhubeka kuba phantsi imigudu asuka.

IIncoterms imithetho (uhlelo 2010) iqulethe iinkqubo ezisixhenxe ezisisiseko sesokunikezela ngeentlobo zonke zeenkonzo zothutho kunye neenkqubo ezine zothutho mfula emhlabeni kunye nezithuthi emanzini. Le mithetho yazo yokuqala ziquka: DPP (impahla kuziswa kwintlawulo yeefizi), DAP (Delivery endaweni leyo), DAT (iimpahla ezisiwe terminal izithethe), EXW (ukunikezelwa ex-imisebenzi), Inombolo (Shipping Free Carrier), kwakunye CIP and CPT, kwimeko yokuqala iimeko zokunikwa zibonisa ukuba labagcwalisi kunye inshorensi ehlawulwa kwindawo ethile, kwaye yesibini buyo kuhlawulwa kuphela kwindawo ethile.

Imigaqo FOB delivery, njengoko FAS, CIF kunye Lwemipu lubonisa ukuba impahla ushiya kwizibuko kwayiwa zibuko. Le mithetho ibe khona kwinguqulelo yangaphambili, kodwa inguqulelo entsha yaziswa elithi "iBhodi", esiye sathatha elithi "ngololiwe" njengenqaku lonikezelo kuzo zonke iimeko ngaphandle FAS. Imigaqo lokuhanjiswa ilungelo yokugqibela ukucinga ukuba umsebenzi lwenziwa, ukuba umthengisi uzalise manyathelo amasiko eziyimfuneko zokuthumela ngaphandle, bazisa iimpahla kule mvumelwano kwizibuko ekuvunyelwene wambeka ecaleni umkhumbi esemkhumbini, barge kunye nabanye. Iinkqubo kwi yokungenisa, kuquka nentlawulo imisebenzi namasiko, apha thengwa abangene.

inkqubo FOB luthatha ukuba umthengisi izise iimpahla ebhodini lwe mvumelwano inqanawa, CIF - ukuba umthengisi Uyamhlangula iimpahla ebhodini, byi eJozi kwindawo oya kuyo kunye ne-inshorensi (ngokuqhelekileyo kuligquma ubuncinane), kunye Lwemipu - ukuba imisebenzi ye umthengisi kuquka kuphela unikezelo impahla port ethile ukuhlawula eJozi. nikeza indlela ekhethiweyo kwimeko nganye, njengoko port ngalinye kugqiba iimeko phantsi apho kunokuthi ukusebenza neenqanawa ezahlukeneyo kunye imithwalo.