I Amur River - emlonyeni, umthombo amadama. Inkcazelo emfutshane ye iimpawu kunye lokuhamba kwamanzi

Akukho namnye kubahlali kummandla Far East iya kuba ukuphikisana ukuba umlambo zazo eziphambili lo Amur. Le ukwakweli kwindawo yesine phakathi imilambo Russian, yesibini ubude kuphela ezifana flow onobungangamsha njengoko OB, Yenisei noLena. Umlomo Amur River - kuLwandle Okhotsk.

inkcazelo emfutshane

flow zolwelo akhiwa ngokudibana Arguna kunye Shilki. Indawo apho kuphuma, ukuba yaseKhabarovsk ingqalelo umda phakathi kwamazwe amabini: Russia kunye neTshayina. Izidanga, umandlalo ayikho ngaphezu kwe-0,11%. Lo mthombo kunye umlomo womlambo isithabazi Amur for 2850 km. Ngamanye amaxesha, njengesiqalo abafumana enye amacandelo imilambo - shilku, kule meko amanzi iya kuba ubude ka 4510 km. Nangona kunjalo, la amanani inokuba echanileyo ngokupheleleyo, ngenxa yokuba inkqubo isikali inzima kakhulu. Basin ndawo, kuquka umlambo Kerulen million 2 square metres. km. Kuyo yonke ukuhamba kwamanzi ibonakala umahluko isici. Umzekelo, idake intili wayo uwahlule ube zahlulo zithathu: yasezantsi, embindini, eliphezulu. Ngalinye kula macandelo kufuneka ubungakanani ezithile kunye nobunzulu nobubanzi channel, kunye nohlobo kwemali. Ukuphakama umlomo Amur River (kwakunye ukuphakama yaselwandle) ngu-0 m, ngelixa lo mthombo - 304 m ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle.

geography

Yonke imisinga yamanzi pool ise- East Asia. Iquka nje ezine iindawo zendalo: ehlathini, emathafeni, emathafeni, nezo zibuntlangorha. Nyaka ngamnye, iwela malunga 300 mm kwemvula, imali efanayo loya umthombo kunye umlomo Amur River; kule ndawo ye Sikhote-Alin, ingakumbi emzantsi-mpuma inxalenye yayo, eli nani lanyuka ukuya 750 mm.

Kwintlambo lugubungela amazwe ezininzi - Russia (54%), China (44%), Mongolia (1%). Inxalenye Amur River, nto leyo ifumaneka e-Russian Federation, yahlulelwe kwii kummandla Far East and eSiberia.

zamanzi

I Amur River, umlomo yayo ise kwisixeko Nikolaevsk-on-Amur, yahlulwe yangamacandelo amathathu:

• Lower. It uthatha ngaphezu km 966. It has value yorhwebo. Kufuphi umlomo Ussuri River ukuya Nikolaevsk-on-Amur. Le Velocity flow kweli lokuphumla ukuya ku-4 km / h, oko ndinokwenza ngempumelelo yokuloba, hayi kuphela iinjongo, kodwa kwakhona ezithengiswayo.
• I-avareji. Idlulisela isabelo nawe ukuya Ussury. Zabo ngomgama abawuhambileyo ongaphezu kwe-970. Coast kule ndawo inabantu wambu utyani. Ukuhanjiswa kwamanzi njengomlambo avareji malunga ne-5 km / h. Umandlalo le gap ebanzi ngokwaneleyo yaye zinzulu, nto leyo inegalelo kuphuhliso yokuthumela.
• Upper. Wasolula ukuba umlomo Zeya River yaye imalunga 880 km. Famous for iintlobo yayo enezityalo nezilwanyana. Uyakwazi adibana rhoqo ngabameli salmonids. Flow Rate - 5 km / h.

amanzi kulo nyaka 9819 m ³ / s, uninzi la manani ziquka ukusetyenziswa kwisixeko Komsomolsk, apho umlambo i Amur kwemali. Umlomo imali efanayo kakhulu ngakumbi - 11 400 m ³ / s.

Ke inkalo unique esihlambo zolwelo ukuze kuchazwe ukuba amanzi kuwo esoloko itshintsha ngenxa imvula. Njengomgaqo, benza ngaphezu kwe-70% ye-flow. Ehlotyeni sezinga amanzi amanzi uvikivwa kwi-15 m encotsheni kunye isabelo phakathi Amur, ukuphakama ephantsi ufikelela irekhodi kowama - 8 m kwezinye iindawo amanzi kwanwenwa kumgama km 25 .. Oku kubangelwa ikakhulu iimeko zemozulu eqhelekileyo, xa iimvula ezithile ziqhu enzima. Loo isimo umlambo nga ukubamba iinyanga malunga 2-3. Kweli nqanaba, emva kokuba kuye kwakhiwa eziliqela amanzi, izikhukula abangathathi ngokukhawuleza, yaye inqanaba lamanzi ngeenxa 6 m.

eziphilayo

Le umlambo zolwelo eziyingozi izikhombisi izinto ziphezulu kakhulu kwaye kunokuba yingozi zombini kwihlabathi ngaphandle, yaye impilo yabantu. Ngowe-2005, i-ngozi yenzeke le mveliso Chinese, ngenxa leyo alahlwayo amachiza ayityhefu kungena Songhua River. Esi siganeko yaba nefuthe elibi kwi imeko eziphilayo lwemilambo, ezo omlambo i-jikelele. Ngokutsho komnye wabo phezu Amur babuyiselwa ipetroli, nitrobenzene kunye nezinye izinto. Abanalo ixesha elide kwaba ibala elikhulu ngobuso bakhe kwamanzi. Phenol, nitrate kunye nezinye amasuntswana ekuzakuqalwa - iqulathe zonke Amur River. Estuary, umanzi bazihlambela kakhulu ngokwaneleyo, lusemgubasini wentlekele eziphilayo. Ukuze ugcine amanzi kuloo mmandla iyavuma, lwakwakhiwa edamini. Oku kuzakuthsintsha intshukumo lomlambo, uze uthumele zonke kwebandla imichiza ukuya elunxwemeni ngasentla, apho ibekwe eRashiya. Emva konyaka, idama engagqibekanga ikhululwe, njengoko imfuneko engxamisekileyo wanyamalala.

emi-3 emva kwengozi kwi kwisityalo ngo-2008, abahlali kwimimandla yonxweme, yafunyanwa iingwengwezi, imali leyo bafikelela avareji km 2. Noko ke, njengoko izazinzulu zama, imvelaphi yayo azikhange zikwazi ukuseka.

Amur umlambo, leyo zizityebi emlonyeni ngabafakwa uviko, iye imifula ezininzi:

• Zeya - umlambo isitya inkulu.
• Bureya - iidipozithi abazizityebi esikrwada namalahle.
• Songhua, okanye Songhua kuneengxaki ezinkulu zokusingqongileyo.
• Ussuri River umthamo ebalulekileyo amanzi.
• Anuy - isici esasenza lomlambo kukuba kwenzeka rips.
• Amgun esisityebi kunene iintlanzi kwaye kubaluleke kakhulu mveliso.

Kutshanje, kukho imbono leyo isebe Amur Zeya, kwaye awunakho ukwenza ngolunye uhlobo. Ngokusebenzisa imifanekiso evela emajukujukwini, sinako ukubona ukuba kakhulu ngakumbi ngokupheleleyo-ukugeleza abanzi. Ukusuka kwindawo wejoloji lwembono, oko nokuqhubekeka Amur River valley (ujonge kwicala "South-North"). Noko ke, kude ukusuka emlonyeni ngumthombo ngokusebenzisa indlela zemveli - nge Argun, Amur. Ngoko ke, ububanzi kunye umfula-ngokupheleleyo kotyalomali emisela abhalwe kungeyonto ayenza rhoqo.