Monument Lermontov eMoscow: photo kunye nenkcazo

NgoJuni 4, 1965, ngosuku lehlobo enelanga, ukuvulwa ezukileyo litye lesikhumbuzo Lermontovu Mihailu Yurevichu kwilizwe lakhe - eMoscow. Kumsitho kuyo iimbongi, ababhali, abaphandi, abafundi, abafundi kunye nabasebenzi eziqhelekileyo. Ukususela eqongeni ilothe iintetho yokuvuyisana kunye nemibongo.

Lo mbono ukwenza isikhumbuzo Lermontov eMoscow wabonakala ngowe-1941. Kwaba kulo nyaka wokukhunjulwa kweminyaka engama-100 ukufa urhulumente metropolitan imbongi yamkela umthetho phezu ulwakhiwo lenkumbulo. Kodwa kungekudala kwaqala IMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic akwenzeki ukuqonda ingcamango kwangoko.

Kuphela 60s ekuqaleni kwabakho nethuba lokubuyela kulo mbono. ukhuphiswano eziliqela ukuze projekthi ilungileyo lesikhumbuzo bathwalwa phandle. Kwaye ngo-1964, unyaka isikhumbuzo seminyaka eli-150 wokuzalwa kwakhe, iprojekthi yokuqala e Moscow, isikhumbuzo Lermontov savunywa. Umsebenzi baqala iimveliso zayo.

EMoscow ebomini MY Lermontov

E Moscow, Lermontov kwakuhlala abangama ongekho ngaphezulu kweminyaka emi-5. Kodwa isixeko ebomini bakhe ezinxulumene iziganeko ezibalulekileyo. Apha ku-Oktobha 1814 kuye, yena wazalwa. Noko ke, emva kweenyanga ezimbalwa kamva, ekuqaleni 1815 kokuba asiwe Tarkhany, ukuba ilifa umakhulu wakhe kwicala kanina, apho uvusiwe ukuya kwiminyaka-13.

Ngowe-1827, Lermontov kwakhona kuhlala e Moscow, ukuze ufumane imfundo. Yena ufunda kuqala kwi-B & B kwi Moscow Imperial University, yaye emva koko uya eyunivesithi ngokwayo.

Ekugqibeleni, kunye eMoscow edibene ekuqaleni umsebenzi ezinobuchule wembongi. Ngowe-1830, i "Spring" wabonakala magazini yakhe umbongo "Athenaeum". Yaba upapasho lokuqala Lermontov. yena ngokuzithemba wangena uncwadi Russian ngelo xesha.

Lesikhumbuzo ukuze imbongi yokuqala

Talk yokudala lesikhumbuzo ku Lermontov yaqala ngenkulungwane XIX kade, kwiminyaka engama-40 emva kokufa kwakhe zabuhlungu Kungquzulwano. E Pyatigorsk, kwakukho iqela phulo, olwaqala ukukhuthaza ingcamango, efuna imvume karhulumente kunye ehamba yokunyusa ingxowa.

Ngelo xesha nye yaphakanyiswa ukumisela Lermontov lesikhumbuzo eMoscow. Kodwa ngo-1880 sadlula kwimibhiyozo ingxolo kumsitho ukuvulwa lesikhumbuzo ukuze Pushkin apho (umsebenzi Opekushin AM), ngoko ke projekthi yebhongo igunya omtsha wengingqi eMoscow kwanyanzeleka ukuba bashiye.

Nokudalwa lesikhumbuzo kwakhokelwa iminyaka emininzi yomsebenzi wokulungiselela. Ngowe-1889 kwafika yokuqala Pyatigorsk Lermontov lesikhumbuzo.

Okunye ezikhumbuzo Lermontov

Emva isikhumbuzo e Pyatigorsk, Lermontov zezikhumbuzo kwaqala ukuvela kwezinye izixeko Russian. Ngowe-1892 - in Penza (nomkroli Gunzburg IJ), ngo-1896 - eSt Petersburg (Kreytan VP), ngo-1900 - kwi ipoma Serednikovo (Golubkina AS). Kabini bazama ukumisa ilitye lesikhumbuzo kwi ndawo ezimbini zokucwangcisa Lermontov kaThixo e Pyatigorsk. Le projekthi lokuqala yaphunyezwa ngo-1901 (yi Baikov AA), kodwa emva kweminyaka 6, ukukrola yawa azisalungiseki ngenxa It yenziwe gypsum. Le lesikhumbuzo sitsha senziwa kwindawo enye sasimi ngo-1915 (umbhali Mikeshin BM).

izikhumbuzo MY Lermontov ezifakwe e Tambov, Gelendzhik, reserve imyuziyam Tarkhany (Penza Region), Grozny. Kwenzeka ukuba kwiphandle imbongi e Moscow, inkumbulo yakhe kuhlwayeleka phantse lokugqibela. Kodwa Monument eMoscow kaThixo umi ngaphandle ubuciko, kunye nesisombululo yayo lomhlaba. Waye ngeendlela ezininzi ezintsha, kodwa ngaloo ngexesha elifanelekileyo.

Ukukhetha indawo Lermontov lesikhumbuzo eMoscow

Lo mbuzo ndawo apho lesikhumbuzo ziya kufakwa sele kusonjululwe ngokukhawuleza. Amalungu eKhomishini ngazwilinye ukhethe indawo kwi Red Gate Square, apho ukususela 1941 ibizwa ngegama imbongi likaThixo. Hayi kude kwisikwere kwakukho indlu apho wazalelwa MU Lermontov.

Monument Lermontov eMoscow: sigaba wokulungiselela

Abalazi lesikhumbuzo kwakhokelwa iminyaka emininzi yomsebenzi. ukhuphiswano Design ngo-1958. Iqela labagwebi lwamalungu Union of Amagcisa uye wahlola ezininzi iinketho ixesha elide ngaphandle akuyifumana eyayiza ukwanelisa kubo ngokupheleleyo. Iindidi iyelenqe kunye nefom zanikezelwa zesikhumbuzo Lermontov, iifoto angakufumani, kodwa wahlala inkcazo yomlomo.

Ezinye abakroli wathembela isisombululo enamandla zihlakaniphile, yokukhetha engaqhelekanga ukwakheka, indawo, imeko. Baya Lermontov yabekwa phezu kwelitye, ihashe, ehleli phezu komhlaba, ngomhla kongqameko yentaba. Iiprojekthi ezinjalo na oneenjongo ezizezakhe, kodwa akazange ahlangabezane isayithi sele olathelwe ukuba lesikhumbuzo elizayo.

Ezinye ababhali zigxininise ngokukhutshelwa isimo sangaphakathi wembongi, ngokusebenzisa izimbo zomzimba ezichazayo, iintloko sakujika, njl Kodwa amazwi ngokugqithisileyo ngokoluvo labagwebi, akufumaneki umfanekiso Lermontov.

Umdla ngelithi iiprojekthi abarhuma isisombululo lwendawo litye lesikhumbuzo, zihlalutywe indlela angena kulo mhlaba ejikelezileyo.

Iqela ababhali phantsi kolwalathiso ID Brodsky kuzo zonke izigaba kukhuphiswano ziphakathi contenders ngenxa uloyiso. Le projekthi yazo ngo-1964 kwaye savunywa.

Iqela abalobi

Isaac Davidovich Brodsky yaba lilungu kakhulu aqolileyo lokuwina liqela. Walwa imiphambili ze Enkulu Patriotic War, yaye emva kokuphumelela kwakhe ababhalise Institute of Applied bokuhombisa Arts, apho wayefunda le nomkroli odumileyo MG Manizer. Phambi kokuqala umsebenzi lesikhumbuzo ukuze Lermontov, Brodsky wayesele amava kokwakhiwa ezikhumbuzo. Kwiminyaka 1954-1955 yena kukhunjuzwe AM Gorky Tesselli and Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, wenza ezikhumbuzo iinkokeli yotshintsho olululo.

Sithabatha inxaxheba 2 wezakhiwo umfana - uNikolay Nikolaevich Milovidov kunye Grigoriy Efimovich Saevich. Abanoxanduva isisombululo lwendawo litye lesikhumbuzo, evuthiswe ubungakanani bayo, isikhundla kule ndawo, ziye zahlalutywa njengoko Umfanekiso iya kuba ngokuvisisana izakhiwo ezingqongileyo.

uncedo olukhulu iqela bokuyila waba umphandi IL KuAndroniko, ngaphandle ngothsuphe neencam Lermontov lesikhumbuzo eMoscow ibingayi bafumana umfanekiso kunye nokuchaneka nasengqondweni.

Ukukhetha izinto

Umfanekiso we imbongi kwagqitywa ukuba ezenziwe ngobhedu. Le yenye yezinto ezininzi zemveli. Ngenxa kwiipropati zeplastiki yayo, yona ikuvumela ukuba ukudala Ukuqamba entsonkothileyo kakhulu, adlulisele iinkcukacha zincinane. Esikhumbuzo Lermontov e eRashiya becala ezenziwe kule ingxubevange.

Ezenziwe ngobhedu grille nokuhombisa ezenza lesikhumbuzo kunye lomculo elinye. Inxalenye eseleyo yale lomculo (isithuba esitulweni koseko, inkxaso iipali emkhusaneni) ezenziwe lenyengane olukhazimlisiweyo hina. Le indibanisela texture ezahlukeneyo kunye neempawu zezixhobo kuvunyelwa ukuba babeke anemvakalozwi lwesemantiki kwaye kuphunyezwe imizwa esiphezulu.

Inkcazelo lesikhumbuzo

Esikhumbuzo Lermontov eRussia ezahlukeneyo ngokwemiqathango ubuchule kunye nefuthe kumbukeli. Moscow Memorial ngqo ukanti novakalelo kakhulu. Figure imbongi uye yakhiwe engqongqo wabumba iinqwelomoya ezinkulu agudileyo, imida idibane kwigophe ezibukhali. Oku kukunika amandla ukuma kunye nani. Kubonakala ukuba ukungazithembi okubonakala lufihla amandla enkulu ngaphakathi.

Umfanekiso eliphilileyo neguquguqukayo kwenza utoliko iimpahla. Lo mzobo livalelwe ibhatyi engqongqo yasemkhosini. Kodwa zemimoya likhona imigangatho yayo wakhuph ikhola, etyhila esifubeni imbongi esisingise iziqalelo. Ukuqina, imisipha ngokufuziselayo ichazwe kwi pose izandla ethungelanayo emva kwakhe. Noko ke, intloko imbongi intshukumo volitional zaphuhliswa ukuze umqondiso ukuba akafuni ukuba ukuthobela.

umzamo omkhulu ichithwe izama ukufezekisa ngokufana. It ngokukodwa banceda amacebiso IL Ko. Ngokuba ukuyekiswa self-elichaza Lermontov, sidalwe 1837.

iinkcukacha zobugcisa

Into yokuqala kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo xa uthetha malunga iimpawu na elaa litye lithe kwi imilo kwinqwanqwa. In yonke nokwakhiwa kwinqwanqwa yesikhumbuzo - kuba lelona athobekile kwaye cala. nsika, kancinci phambili embindini, kwaye ngaxeshanye kuphakamisa oyintsobi yalowo imbongi phezu kwindawo engqongileyo yaye iquka oku kubo, ngenxa yokuba umbandela efanayo yentengiso kwakhiwa. Ntsika, inazo naziphi yomhombiso, kungekhona ukuphazamiseka kwindawo engundoqo ye lenkumbulo.

Inxalenye ebalulekileyo ekwakhiweni na kwesitulo ububanzi unabela kunye elinye icala site. Phakathi kwinkulungwane yokugqibela, yaba isisombululo ezintsha engqonge isithuba. Okwangoku, le ndlela isagquba, ebonisa iimpawu zayo ezinkulu kunye nezibonelelo.

Enye into ebalulekileyo kukuba nothango lwaso lomculo olugobileyo yoncedo Lermontov silhouettes zabalinganiswa - yiDemon kunye Mtsiri. Phakathi kwabo at yokukhulisa wave eliphezulu kuboniswe ngomkhombe elinye. Ilibele yenza kuphela indima zokuhombisa, kodwa esahlula mmandla ukusuka ezinye yale paka lesikhumbuzo.

Kwizixeko ezininzi Russian, ezikhumbuzo Lermontov ifakiwe, i ifoto akusoloko kusenzeka ukuba ukugqithisela ukuba ibinzana elithi, nolwalamano oluhle landscape engqongileyo. Enye into ethile, ilitye e Moscow, phakathi phezulu ezintathu.