Mongolia XIV B.

Zonke mbuya abahlala Otok nsimu ukuxhomekeka yabantu umnini: kwiincwadi Mongolian zibizwa ngokuba "albatu" (ngokoqobo, "irhafu"). Yokuba balelwa ukuba afudukele kwezinye host omnye komnye.

iklasi feudal wayebunjwa wabanumzana, amagosa aphezulu kunye lamas eziphakamileyo nezigodlo zamaBhuda. Inkosi nganye wobukhosi kwi lilifa nokuba Otok, okanye omnye okanye elinye albatu kwi kumazwe Otok. Class nabalusi abacinezelekileyo, Kharachoy albatu (ngokoqobo, "black") sathunyelwa, shabinarami (ngokoqobo, "Abafundi iillama, ootitshala bokufundisa dha" - ekhutshelw- arats-Kharachoy, ukwandlalwa izinduna njengesipho lamas zesidanga kunye nemfundo enomsila) kunye namakhoboka (Bohol ).

Albatu phantsi ukuxhatshazwa enzima ngumnini. Ukusasazwa noyons imfuyo arats okwetyisa okanye sebenzisa ukuba basebenze ngqo kwiifama noyons baba eqhelekileyo ngeli thuba. Kwangaxeshanye arats ngonyaka Noyon wamnika inani elithile weegusha ekuxhelweni. Ngaphezu koko, Noyon albatu imali amahashe abo, neenkomo, iinqwelo kunye nokuqokelela iimveliso zobisi, ubisi ivodka size entlanganweni kweziganeko okanye yokufuduka.

Arata wathwala inkonzo Yamskaya phakathi kweli ulawulo, yaye kufuneka enze kwiphulo lomkhosi okanye uye battue zokuzingela kutyelelo lokuqala Noyon. Mongolia XIV ku ...

Kwimeko yombhodamo nezidubedube ephuma ukuqhekezwa bezopolotiko belizwe, noyonstvo kwakufuneka ukuba longamele unqulo wookhokho babo - nemimoya, inkxaso eceleni. inkxaso enjalo bayifumeneyo ubuBhuda. Kwikota yokugqibela ka XVI kunye XVII kwisiqingatha sokuqala. Buddhism naa ngokukhawuleza phakathi Mongols waza waba asuse nemimoya, ngenkxaso wabanumzana ezinamandla. Ngexesha leminyaka XVII. kwilizwe lonke iqela yoonongendi kunye amawaka lamas.

Izixhobo amandla Wayemelwe emntwini umlawuli lale Tumen okanye Otok. Umlawuli (edzhen) ekubuphatheni ngokwesiko isohlwayo; Yena iintlawuliso neentlawulelo Kananjalo ndawumisa nabo, wayalela umkhosi - umkhosi propati. Ezandleni zakhe zonke lakuzaliseka emkhosini, yolawulo kunye namagunya egwebayo.

Emva kokuba ukugxothwa Beijing Great Khan Toyon Temur (1333-1370) kunye ezihlangwini zakhe Ayushiridara (1370-1378), ukugcina igama uBukhosi Yuan, ezama ukuqokelela amandla kwaye ugcine nakwabanye ezandleni kwiindawo zabo umda bukhosi. Kodwa Minsk umkhosi ngokuphindaphindiweyo wenza uhambo eMongolia, woyisa umkhosi Ayushiridary e Inchane bengumkhosi 1370 of bukhosi Enkulu Khan ophelileyo Togus-Tam-pa (1378-1388) boyiswa apho ngo-1388 130,000th Ming umkhosi.

Mongolia e XIV.