Indlela esakhiwe ngayo esi ingcambu yezityalo. Iimpawu ze isakhiwo ingcambu

eziphilayo ndafundela ezenzululwazi kunye eziphilayo. Indlela esakhiwe ngayo esi ingcambu kwisityalo ithathwa enye Botany.

Le njengengcambu amalungu yezihlunu kwezityalo esityalo. Lubonakala kukukhula engenasiphelo apical kunye ulingano iphiramidi. Iimpawu ze isakhiwo ingcambu kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi. Le imvelaphi yendaleko izityalo, kokwabo kwiklasi ethile, indawo yokuhlala. Eyona misebenzi iphambili iingcambu ekunokuthiwa nokomelezwa izityalo emhlabeni, ukuthatha inxaxheba zityalwe kwezityalo, stock kunye Yindibanisela organic izondlo. Kodwa umsebenzi ibalulekileyo yokunikezela imisebenzi ebalulekileyo yezityalo, - ukutya umhlaba, oluqhutywa kwinkqubo kukufakwa wamanzi zeendawana esebenzayo equlathe iityuwa kwezimbiwa lichithakale.

iintlobo ezingcanjini

Isakhiwo sangaphandle nengcambu kubangelwa ubukhulu becala ngenxa yenyaniso libhekisela koko uhlobo.

• The main ingcambu. lasungulwa kungenxa ingcambu osandul, xa imbewu zesityalo iqalisa ukuhluma.
• iingcambu ezikhaphayo. Bayakwazi ukuvela kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zesityalo (esiqwini, amagqabi).
• iingcambu lateral. Zakha isebe, ukuqala kwiingcambu wabonakala ngaphambili (ephambili okanye paranasal).

Iintlobo lweenkqubo ingcambu

Inkqubo iingcambu - eluntwini zonke iingcambu, ezifumaneka izityalo. Ngaloo ndlela nokubonakala awumiselayo baye inokwahluka izityalo ezahlukeneyo kakhulu. Isizathu kukuba ubukho okanye ukungabikho, ngokunjalo iqondo ezahlukeneyo zophuhliso nobukhali iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ezingcanjini.

Ngokuxhomekeka kule into, kukho iindidi ezininzi iinkqubo ingcambu.

• Betha iingcambu. Igama uthetha ukuba ngokwayo. Ingcambu ephambili isebenza ngentonga. Yena ichazwe kakuhle ngobukhulu kunye ubude. Ubume engcanjini yalo hlobo Zinjalo dicots. Le nangwevu, iminqathe, iimbotyi njalo njalo.
• iingcambu ezinezikhondo. Ngokuba lo hlobo uneempawu zawo. Isakhiwo sangaphandle ingcambu, nto leyo iphambili, akukho yahlukile ecaleni. Yena akemi ngaphandle esihlweleni. Ethathelwe ingcambu osandul, imila elide kakhulu. Mochkovaya root inkqubo eqhelekileyo ukuba monocots. Ngayo ukutya okuziinkozo, ikonofile, amahle njalo njalo.
• ingcambu Isixokelelwano sohlobo ezahlukeneyo. isakhiwo sayo idibanisa iinkalo ezimbini ezichazwe ngasentla, iintlobo. Taproot aphuhliswe kakuhle kwaye umi ngaphandle esihlweleni. Kodwa ke ngaxeshanye kuphuhliswa ngamandla kunye neengcambu ezikhaphayo. Uphawu itumata, ikhaphetshu.

Uphuhliso yembali nengcambu

Xa ndicinga ngokubhekiselele kuphuhliso phylogenetic nengcambu, imbonakalo yakhe kakhulu kamva ngaphezu ukuyilwa izikhondo namagqabi. Kungenzeka, umfutho oku ukufikelela isityalo ezweni. Ukuze ufumane zintshula kuloo zeendawana eqinileyo, abameli izilwanyana bamandulo kwakufuneka into anokunika inkxaso. Kwinkqubo kwemvelo kuqala kornepodobnye amasebe komhlaba. Kamva, banikela ukunyuka ukuya kuphuhliso kwenkqubo ingcambu.

root cap

Formation kunye nophuhliso lwenkqubo iingcambu lwenziwa kulo lonke ubomi besityalo. Indlela esakhiwe ngayo esi ingcambu isityalo ayiboneleli ubukho amagqabi emithi. ukukhula kwayo ikhutshwa phandle ngokwandisa ubude. Ingongoma ukukhula wambu ingcambu cap.

Inkqubo yokukhula inxulunyaniswa hlula iseli inyama zemfundo. Kubhaliwe ibekwe phantsi ingcambu le chap, ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko iiseli ngobunono ukwabela umonakalo. Case iqulathe ngokwako - indibanisela iiseli ezingcakacileyo wayifu- ophilileyo, ezo njalo inkqubo ukuvuselela. Oko kukuthi, xa iingcambu emhlabeni ekukhuthazeni iiseli ezingapheliyo ngcembe exfoliated ze zikhule ezintsha endaweni yazo. Case iqulathe ame iiseli ngaphandle cell yencindi ethile. Kube lula ukukhuthazwa inemvelaphi substrates kumhlaba esiqinileyo.

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba, ngokuxhomekeke yokuhlala lwesakhiwo zezityalo zahluke kakhulu. Umzekelo, izityalo amanzi abe ingcambu cap. Xa inkqubo zazivelela baye kumiswa elinye isixhobo - ipokotho amanzi.

Ubume kweengcambu zesityalo: zone ukukhula zone lidala

Iiseli asakhulayo ukusuka kwi laphu yezemfundo, ngokuhamba kwexesha, baqale umahluko. Ngaloo ndlela 'ukusekwa zone ingcambu.

ukwabela ndawo. Oku limelwe kwiiseli ze laphu yezemfundo, apho kamva kunokubangela zonke ezinye iintlobo iseli. Zone Size - 1 mm.

zone ukukhula. Ucel icandelo ezimkhuthuka, ubude uphakathi 6 no-9 mm. Ngoko nangoko ilandela indawo ungumqobo. Ukuze iiseli luphawulwa ukukhula ngokukhawuleza, ngexesha leyo wazolula ngokuqatha ubude, kunye iyantlukwano ngcembe. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba inkqubo iyantlukwano kulo mmandla akukho phantse eyenziwa.

zone sokufunxa

Eli candelo ubude ingcambu ngeesentimitha eziliqela kwaye idla ngokuba izowuni kweenwele ingcambu. Eli gama libonisa ukuba iimpawu isakhiwo ingcambu kwisiza. Kukho cells ulusu outgrowths ubungakanani kabani ziyahluka ukusuka 1 mm ukuya ku-20 mm. Oku ke, kwaneenwele ezi ingcambu.

zone sokufunxa - indawo apho kukho ukufakwa olubanzi amanzi, equlethe izimbiwa lichithakale. Umsebenzi iiseli lunwele ingcambu; kulo mzekelo, kunokufaniswa kwimpompo. Le nkqubo kakhulu umbane kakhulu. Ngoko ke, xa iiseli bommandla sokufunxa iqulethe inani elikhulu mitochondria.

Kubalulekile ukuba ukutsalela ingqalelo ukuya kwenye inkalo kweenwele ingcambu. Bayakwazi ukuba anikezele yencindi ethile eziqulathe గుర్తులు ibhaloni, citric kunye malic acid. Ngebhitumene inceda ukunyibilika ityuwa emanzini. umhlaba Amasuntswana ngenxa yencindi ngokungathi njo kweenwele ingcambu ngokuququzelela inkqubo Ukunciphisa kwezondlo.

Isakhiwo kweenwele ingcambu

Ukwandisa kummandla sokufunxa kungenxa kanye kuse ezimvini iingcambu. Umzekelo, nespelete inani ifikelela 14 billion ekwenzeni ubude elipheleleyo km ukuya ku-10 000.

Ukuvela kweenwele iingcambu kwenza ukufana Lutho emhlophe. Ukuba siphile ixesha elide - 10 ukuya kwezingama-20. Ukwenziwa amagqabi amatsha emzimbeni izityalo kakhulu nentwana ixesha. Umzekelo, ukuyilwa kweenwele iingcambu izithole apile oselula yenziwa iiyure 30-40. Enye indawo apho kwakusekho ukufa ezi outgrowths engaqhelekanga elithile ukubamba amanzi, uze ke babugubungela isivalo, yaye le ikhono kulahleka.

Ukuba sithethe malunga nesakhiwo kweenwele iqokobhe, kuqala kwiinto zonke, sifanele bonisa ubuqili yayo. Olu phawu kunceda nonwele ukufunxa izondlo. Iseli kwakhe kuhlala phantse ngokupheleleyo yi vacuole ejikelezwe yi maleko ubhityileyo kukho icytoplasm. Le olungundoqo ibekwe phezulu. Isithuba kufuphi iseli ityala yangaphakathi okhethekileyo, lula kuncanyatheliswe Kwaneenwele ezi iingcambu kunye amasuntswana amancinane zeendawana lomhlaba. Ngenxa yokuba oku kwandisa esibamba lomhlaba.

Isakhiwo umnqamlezo ingcambu waya kummandla sokufunxa

Zone of kweenwele iingcambu nazo elikholisa ukubizwa ngokuba endaweni ka kwentlobo (zobungcali). Oku akukho ngozi. Kwaba apha kwicandelo cross kunokubonwa ezinye izinto zokulala. Kungenxa iyantlukwano inoomaleko ingcambu.

Uluhlu "isakhiwo ingcambu kwindawo cross" ithiwe thaca apha ngasezantsi.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kukho umahluko phakathi uthinte. umaleko sayo kuthiwa exoderm, zangaphakathi - endoderm, kwaye therebetween esisiseko parenchyma. Kungenxa kule nwebu eliphakathi inqubo kulwalathiso a izitya amaplanga isisombululo kwezondlo. Kwakhona, kwi parenchyma kuhlanganiswa ezithile kubalulekile ukuba ukutyala into ephilayo. Ngenxa yoko, isakhiwo lwangaphakathi yingcambu likuvumela ukuba siyiqonde ngokupheleleyo ukubaluleka nokubaluleka imisebenzi eyenziwa yi nganye zikhabane.

indawo yokulinda

Ofumaneka ngaphezu kwe-ndawo otyiwa. Ubude inkulu kwaye uninzi icandelo weentaba nengcambu. Kulapha ezibalulekileyo ebomini nasemifunweni izinto eziphilayo umbutho. Oku kunokwenzeka ngenxa kuphuhliso ezilungileyo ukuqhuba nezihlunu kule ndawo. Isakhiwo lwangaphakathi ingcambu kubangela kummandla yekhono layo ukuthutha izinto kumacala omabini. intshukumo yangoku uplink (phezulu) ngamanzi kunye iikhompawundi kwezimbiwa lichithakale. A phantsi kunikelwa oganikhi khompawundi aqukiweyo iiseli kubalulekile ingcambu. Zone ka - indawo yemfundo ezingcanjini osecaleni.

Ubume Ekudubuleni yembotyi iingcambu ibonisa ngokucacileyo zigaba eziyintloko zokusekwa kwe ingcambu yezityalo.

Iimpawu ngesakhiwo kweengcambu zesityalo: lomlinganiselo komhlaba kunye komhlaba iindawo

Kuba izityalo ezininzi ngokuqhelekileyo yale ukuphuhliswa kwenkqubo iingcambu, nto leyo ekhokelela kwayo yayo phezu inxalenye emhlabeni. Umzekelo i khaphetshu, leyo ngumba onobunzulu ingcambu ukuze ukhule iimitha 1.5. ububanzi bayo babe 1 ukuya 2 eemitha.

Apple iingcambu lukhula kangangokuba kuthatha isithuba, netoti owawufikelela-12 leemitha.

Yaye ukuphakama yezityalo ilusini umhlaba akuthethi ngaphezu kwe-60 cm. Nangona ubude ingcambu ingaba mitha ngaphezulu kwama-2.

Zonke izityalo ezihlala kwiindawo kwimihlaba uyisanti kwaye unamatye ineengcambu elide kakhulu. Oku kungenxa yokuba kwimihlaba ezifana namanzi kunye nezinto eziphilayo Zinzulu kakhulu. Xa Ukudaleka kwisityalo ixesha elide ukufunda kwezi meko, ngokuthe ngcembe ukutshintsha isakhiwo ingcambu. Ngenxa yoko, kufuneka ukufikelela kubunzulu apho umzimba isityalo kugcinelwa kuyimfuneko ukulungiselela ukukhula kunye nophuhliso kwezinto. Umzekelo, ingcambu ameva inkamela inokuba 20 eemitha ubunzulu.

kwaneenwele Root of ingqolowa branched ngamandla ukuba ubude sabo setotali ingaba km 20. Noko ke, oku akuthethi ixabiso umda. ukukhula Unlimited apical of inemvelaphi ukungabikho kukhuphiswano olomeleleyo kunye nezinye izityalo ukwandisa eli xabiso nokuba izihlandlo eziliqela.

ukulungisa ezingcanjini

Ubume esineengcambu ezinye izityalo kunokwahluka, wakha ebizwa ngokuba yi-ukulungiswa. Olu hlobo lohlengahlengiso eziphilayo zezityalo kwindawo yokuhlala ethile. Ngezantsi kukho inkcazo kwezinye iinguqulelo.

amatswele engcambu uphawu dahlia, Chistyakov kunye nezinye izityalo. Ezenziwa ukuqina iingcambu ezikhaphayo and lateral.

Ivy and Ixilongo kwakhona iinkalo ezahlukeneyo noshowo amalungu kwezityalo. Bona iingcambu-ekuthiwa-okusawula eziya kubavumela ukuba sinamathele imi ecaleni isityalo kunye nezinye esekela ukuba sele bamba zabo.

iingcambu zasemoyeni, ebonakala ngu ubude enkulu sokufunxa kunye namanzi zikhona monstera neentyatyambo.

Ukunyuka wobomi iingcambu nokuphefumla inxaxheba ekuqhubeni umsebenzi sokuphefumla. Kukho abe kumgxobhozo ngemisipres, willow krobo.

Ezinye iintlobo enezityalo, ukwakha iqela ecacileyo zezityalo-amaphelo, kukho izixhobo ezinceda ukungena umkhosi esiqwini. Oku njalo-ebizwa-ngumtya iingcambu. Uphawu okuhombisa, dodder.

imifuno ezifana iminqathe, beetroot, radish, kukho imifuno iingcambu, leyo walibumba ngenxa imithana ingcambu engundoqo, apho izondlo reserved.

Ngaloo ndlela, iimpawu noshowo engcanjini zesityalo, ekhokelela ukuyilwa uguqulelo, kuxhomekeka kwizinto ezininzi. Ezona ziphambili ke yokuhlala kunye kwemvelo.