Mbono Development Personality

Ukuze uphendule umbuzo wokuba kutheni yaye kwenzeka njani uphuhliso, kufuneka kuqala kwiinto zonke, ukuba uphendule lo mbuzo oko kuthetha luphuhliso ngalinye se. Xa ukusetyenziswa eqhelekileyo igama apha, Kakade ke, into inye nokuba nemfezeko, kodwa ke kwimeko yenzululwazi, umxholo yeentsingiselo ezininzi. Ngokomzekelo, sithi: "inkqubo ukuthotywa iyakhula." Oko ukuthini oku? Ntoni ngoko? Ngokuqhelekileyo, asikwazi kubizwa ngokuba ukuphucuka enjalo. Ngoko ke, lo ingqalelo inkqubo yophuhliso lwabasebenzi, ufuna ezinye kucaciswa ekuqaleni.

Kuhlala kwenye yezi meko, apho lulodwa ngomnye ngcamango, kodwa kunokuba - metatheory, elinyanga mntu njengoko izinto into kunye nohlobo yokomoya iphela. Namhlanje le ngxaki yintloko yezifundo nesayensi, ngenxa yokuba akukho inzululwazi esalatha modernity akakwazi ukunika iimpendulo alupheli kwimibuzo kwembali yabantu.

Ukuba umda imihlaba ingqalelo iingxaki zemveli, yokuhlalisana kunye nasengqondweni intsimi yesifundo, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuba kule ndlela, siya kujongana uhlalutyo lokuthile (umntu, kulo mzekelo), ekhoyo ekuqaleni ukwimeko ethile sokuqala.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ithiyori uthandwayo zophuhliso ubuntu (okanye kwingongoma ingqiqo lwembono, eshwankathela iingcamango ezininzi), ezo zinokuphikiswa kakhulu kwaye, kananjalo, ukuba ngokwaneleyo kuphuhliswa. Olu wokunqongophola kophuhliso ngenxa yokuba ukuba, ngokutsho kwenye abaphandi abaninzi abadumileyo le ngxaki, Maslow, "inqanaba eliphezulu yokukhupha amanzi."

Sibiza kwaye sijonge ezinye zazo.

theory Psychosexual zophuhliso lwabasebenzi (Freud), njengoko imiba lubalaseleyo ezibonakalisa uphuhliso lobuqu, iimbalasane ezifana umnqweno, emphefumlweni kunye neempawu entsonkothileyo yokuziphatha sex-indima ngamnye. Ngelo xesha Freud kunye nabalandeli bakhe ezintlanu zikumanqanaba ezingundoqo zophuhliso nobuntu.

Xa imfundiso enjalo zophuhliso sobuntu uhlahlelo yengqondo, ababhali (E.Erikson, El'konin), ngokungafaniyo Freud, uphuhliso lubalaseleyo ukubona inkalo zentlalo. izinto ezibalaseleyo kule nkqubo kwiinkalo zentlalo-imbali, inkcubeko kunye ngokomoya. Ngoko ke, ngokutsho Erikson, ngamnye inqanaba lophuhliso loluntu lu dityanisiwe soyise ungquzulwano ethile, uhlobo elandelwayo exhomekeke kule ubudala, izinto zangaphandle, kunye nezinye iinjongo ezininzi. Umzekelo, iingxwabangxwaba zesikolo, njengoko umthetho, badla kunciphise ukoyisa ezingangqinelaniyo ezivelayo intsha phakathi imvakalelo emncinane nenyameko, kwanokuqonda imigaqo yenkululeko kunye nokungabikho nokuqonda indima imilinganiselo yokuziphatha lokuziphatha umda le nkululeko, njl

Ngethiyori, uphuhliso yobuntu ngengqondo French utitshala uJean Piaget kwingongoma odumileyo engundoqo uphuhliso emiselwe ngokwasengqondweni, kwinqanaba ngokwasengqondweni, kwaye ke ngoko ingqikelelo Piaget igama ngokwasengqondweni. Of ukuvelela ethile le ngcamango ezifunyenwe ngethuba mpikiswano yenzululwazi kunye okusingqongoleyo edumileyo Soviet Vygotsky. Isifundo Ingxoxo umba kwimfundo yaseprayimari neyasesekondari, kunye nophuhliso. Ngokutsho Piaget, sokukhula nganye iqulathe kwemida ethile yezithintelo kwamandla cognitive zabantu.

Vygotsky kunye nabalandeli bakhe - PP Blonsky and AN Leontiev - kwi-sikhokelo umsebenzi kwethiyori zobuntu ngelithi ukuba mida phantse wababuleweyo ngoncedo iimeko zangaphandle, yintoni na amanyathelo kakhulu kwimfundo noqeqesho.

L. Kohlberg, ngokusekelwe kwizimvo Piaget, liqulunqe ithiyori yophuhliso, indlela ezingundoqo ezibonisa umlinganiswa yokuziphatha. Oku kubonisa ukuba kukho unxulumano ngqo phakathi ngokwasengqondweni yokuziphatha. Ngale ndlela, wabalaselisa predkonventsionalny kunye nezigaba postconventional ekuziphuhliseni, apho, ngokutsho kubameli wemfundiso, ligqibe engama-25.

imfundiso Behaviouristic okanye indlela yokuziphatha (L. Kolberg) iqwalasela uphuhliso umntu njengenkqubo esisigxina yokwandisa nokwandisa isethi yayo indima, nto leyo kufikelelwe ngoqeqesho.

theory Humanistic (Rogers, Maslow) iqwalasela umntu esiphelweni ngokwalo uluntu luphela. Ngokwembono yabo, kunzima kakhulu ukuba ingamisela nayiphi na regularities kwi Dynamics into olunzima, yona umntu, ubuntu. Ngoko (umntu) yi noziqulathe-ngokwaneleyo, ukuphuhlisa ngokunxulumene nemithetho yayo yendalo, kwi ingqiqo uphuhliso apho akufuneki angqamane konke konke, enokumelana kuphela kuyo.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kukho liqulunqe umbono zokuphuhlisa umba ngamnye. Ukongeza, ukuqonda amathuba kunye nobuchule umntu litshintsha ngokukhawuleza, kwaye ngokunjalo utshintsha nokuqonda ezi nkqubo. Le mbono siqwalasele iinkalo ezithile kuphela ekuziphuhliseni.