Technopark - intshukumo ... Imbali technopark

Imbali iipaki zoshishino kwaqala ngamahlanu zenkulungwane lokugqibela. Yaba ngeli xesha, eStanford University, ibekwe kwiphondo California (USA), kwagqitywa ekubeni anikezele isikhewu nomhlaba ongasetyenziswanga ukuqesha. Le mvumelwano kuphothulwe kunye nemibutho eyahlukeneyo. Bobabini kwiinkampani ezinkulu mveliso ezincinane inxaxheba kushishino eliphezulu-zobugcisa.

Zonke ezi mibutho ngexesha zeekhontrakthi karhulumente. production Small eziveliswe ukudibana ngqo kunye eyunivesithi. Oku wazuza, yaye omnye okanye kwelinye icala. Ngenxa yoko, oko kwasekwa uluntu ukuba ngandlel kamva yaziwa ngokuba Silicon Valley.

ukuphunyezwa ngakumbi yeprojekthi

Ukuze ukwakha ngokupheleleyo ummandla esingenamntu kwaye isiphene izibonelelo eziyimfuneko, kwadlula phantse emashumi mathathu. Yaba ukusekwa wokuqala Technopark. Silicon Valley uye yaziwe ehlabathini lonke ngenxa impumelelo yayo kumashishini eziphakamileyo-zobugcisa. Ingakumbi apha computer kunye nolwazi technology.

Iinkampani Small, kuqukwa abasebenzi abasebenzi bayo ababini okanye abathathu, lakhula ngokukhawuleza, waba inkampani kunye akukho namnye amawaka abasebenzi. Ngowe-1981, iinkampani ngaphezu asibhozo ukusebenza kwintsimi, apho le paki mveliso. Oku iingxilimbela ezinjengezo Polaroid kunye Hewlett-Packard, inkampani aerospace "Lockheed" kunye nezinye iinkokheli kushishino.

Kunye imi--80 kwi-US kwiipaki zoshishino yaqala ukubonakala amanani amakhulu. Baya kuba negalelo kuphuhliso ezo mimandla leyo zagutyungelwa ukungasebenzi kunye yokudodobala kwezoqoqosho. Kwaye namhlanje eUnited States elona nani likhulu kwiindawo mveliso kunye yezenzululwazi. Ngenani, bona akhawunti omnye kwisithathu inombolo yehlabathi.

Ukuvela parks ubuchwepheshe eYurophu

mbono mkhulu bawelela elwandle 70s zenkulungwane lokugqibela. Yaba ngeli xesha xa Scottish University of Edinburgh Research Centre isuka. imibutho efana baqala ukuphuhlisa e Cambridge kwi Trinity College, e-Belgium kwi laseLouvain-la-Neuve njalo njalo. D. Tehnoparkovyh intshukumo eYurophu kuba ngcono kakhulu ngenxa yobunzima iminyaka engama-80. Kwaba lelo xesha ke, ukuze ukunceda amaziko wakhathazeka amalahle kunye noshishino lwempahla eyolukiweyo, uMargaret Thatcher wayalela nokudalwa UK uthungelwano imimandla industrial kule yunivesithi ezikhoyo. Lo mbono uye sihlawulelwe. Kwaye namhlanje eNgilani abasebenzi amahlanu technoparks ngempumelelo. Kukho ezinye kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu. Ime emdeni wayo kwingxelo ezinjalo malunga 260.

parks technology yaseYurophu, kuquka amaziko amatsha ezahlukeneyo ezingamawaka amabini, esetyenziswa kuphuhliso amava yayo aphesheya. Oku avunyelwe ukuba aye ngokusebenzisa indlela elifutshane ukubunjwa. "Business abangela" ngexesha elifutshane kwaduma kakhulu. iinkonzo zabo zisetyenziswa ziinkampani ezincinane kunye neenkampani zabucala, kwakunye nombutho we kwinqanaba loluntu. Yiyiphi indima edlalwe yi epakini mveliso? Yaba unxibelelwano phakathi koshishino kunye nentsimi yophando.

Technopark intshukumo e China

amava American ekudaleni iindawo mveliso unique sele yathathwa China. Kule intsimi, eli lizwe eye waphumelela mihle kwatsala ingqalelo uluntu ehlabathini. Uphuhliso olukhawulezileyo lwamashishini eziphakamileyo-zobugcisa eTshayina kwenzeka ngenxa inxaxheba kurhulumente.

Sele ekuqaleni 1986 urhulumente yamkele inkqubo yophuhliso inzululwazi nobugcisa. Kubo, ezo amacandelo aphambili ziye zachongwa, nekufuneka ibandakanye ipaka mveliso. Space Centre, inzululwazi ikhompyutha kunye ezisebenza ngombane, biotechnology kunye ubunjineli yemfuza, ifayibha optic unxibelelwano, kunye nobugcisa ezonga umbane le projekthi kwakufuneka ukuba bafakwe kule ndawo. Ukongeza, kwacetywa ukuba indawo yoshishino kunye nophando kuza kuquka ukuveliswa nokusekwa izixhobo zonyango.

Help urhulumente

Kwiminyaka emibini emva koko lasungula inkqubo ebizwa ngokuba "itotshi", nto leyo inyathelo elilandelayo kule projekthi, ngokutsho apho bekumele ukuba akhe epakini mveliso. Yaba esinye isigqibo urhulumente, injongo yaba kushishino kunye mveliso ngenkqubela sele ziphunyezwe ekudalweni ubugcisa nenzululwazi-olunzulu. Le nkqubo 'itotshi' inxaxheba amandla yemveliso, iindleko oluthe lwagqitha $ 25 yezigidi zezigidi.

Ekuphumezeni le projekthi, loo zone technopark, nto leyo ukongeza kuphuhliso kobuchwepheshe ezintsha kunye nokukhuthazwa iimveliso zabo ezimarikeni ekhaya kumazwe angaphandle, wadlala indima enkulu kakhulu ekutsaleni utyalo-mali lwangaphandle kunye nophuhliso eziphambili ziye zadalwa.

park lokuqala industrial eTshayina - yinto Beijing ummandla yokulinga, ibekwe kwiphondo Haydan. Ukususela Umqala wamantla ayo, eyayibanjelwe ngowe-1988, eli lizwe udale iiyunithi 120. Kulo mzekelo, amahlanu ekhulwini kuzo abasebenza kwi ukuphunyezwa kwemiyalelo karhulumente.

Urhulumente Chinese iye yaba luncedo kakhulu kwi nokudalwa parks zobuchwepheshe. Kwaye wathi kungekuphela nje izixa ezikhulu kutyalo-mali. Kumgangatho karhulumente asekiwe kwaye neemeko zoshishino ezifanelekileyo kwezi nkalo. Le unciphiso okanye ukukhululwa intlawulo yezibonelelo yerhafu yengeniso kulawulo ukwakhiwa eyinkunzi kwakunye ithuba umsebenzi-ezamahala entry kwezixhobo amazwe.

World Movement of technopark

Xa yee- yenkulungwane lokugqibela ingcamango ekudalweni kwiindawo yenzululwazi kunye noshishino nenala. Iipaki Industrial ziye zasekwa nje kumazwe aphuhlileyo ngokwezoqoqosho. ukwakhiwa kwayo yaqala kwi-Australia kunye Singapore, India, Malaysia, Brazil kunye Canada, kwakunye kwamanye amazwe amaninzi.

Qala zolwakhiwo technoparks e Russia

Ukudalwa mveliso nakwisayensi iindawo kwilizwe lethu abasebenza 80s-90. Yaba ixesha nzima, xa ngakumbi emva kwentlekele urhulumente uyekile ukuba ngezimali kwishishini Applied Sciences. Elinye ithuba ukugcina abasebenzi abaneziqinisekiso yaba ingcamango yokuseka indawo, ekufuneka zibekwe Technopark. Center RAS e Tomsk, Russian yoMphathiswa weMfundo ePhakamileyo, iKomiti YePhondo Education, kwakunye namashishini ezinkulu ziye zaba wabaseki lokuqala ngokuseka. Le paki kwimizi impahla karhulumente.

Kamva kwenzeka utshintsho. Technopark waba JSC. Ngelo xesha linye isabelo kobunini karhulumente liye lehla kwi-3% ngowama-mali eligunyazisiweyo.

Ixesha post-Soviet

technoparks Young Russian zafumana ubunzima obukhulu. Ziyaphazamiseka kukungabikho amava yolawulo iimeko yokutshintsha kwezoqoqosho. Ngexesha le minyaka kwiindawo zoshishino kunye nolunobunzululwazi akaba nako ukwenza impumelelo zokudalwa ubugcisa obutsha. Yaba ixesha xa phambi kwawo nawuphi na umsebenzi lweshishini wayeza kusinda sabaqalayo. Technoparks kwiimeko ezo ingqalelo njengamaziko bakwazi ukufumana inkxaso karhulumente.

kukho inkqubo ye-Ministry of Economy "Technology iipaki of Russia" ngo-1990. Uyilelwe iminyaka emihlanu. Nangona kunjalo, inkxaso-mali yale program azivumelekanga ukuba bathenge impahla kufuneka alungise yonke izibonelelo eziyimfuneko. Imali eyabelwe, ezinye iiyunivesithi baye umsebenzi zorhwebo, leyo kude yezenzululwazi.

karhulumente umsebenzi

"Technopark" Association yasekwa ngaloo minyaka. Phambi kokuba umsebenzi wakhe ukufunda nolwamkelo amava amazwe imeko Russian. Ukongeza, i-Association ukuqhuba buvuvu zendalo kunye umsebenzi iipaki zobuchwepheshe, njengoko ilikhonkco ngempumelelo inkxaso kunye nophuhliso lwamashishini amancinane ezintsha.

Kulo msebenzi, urhulumente Russian nje kuphela, kodwa noncedo lwasemthethweni. Nangona kunjalo, kuye kwafunyaniswa ukuba kukho inkuthazo yerhafu kufuneka asebenzise epakini ubugcisa. Production kuyimfuneko ukuba enze phantsi ezifanayo iimeko eziye zaqulunqwa kulo lonke elo lizwe. Bekucingelwa ukuba kwiindawo abanjalo ngenye lula zibe kude nonxweme lwangaphakathi apho zibekwa asethi.

Ngu nkqubo yee-90 ka-"Technopark" eRashiya iye yaqhubeka ukuze kuzuze amandla. Inani ezinjalo imimandla likhule. indalo yazo yenzeka ngenxa kwamaziko ophando besive kurhulumente. Noko ke, kwakukho abathile ukwahlukana kuphuhliso phakathi kwala maqela. Eziphambili kakhulu ke iipaki besayensi Tomsk kunye eMoscow, eSt Petersburg Zelenograd, Chernogolovka kunye Ufa.

Technopark e Saransk

Ngokusekelwe kumava ngamazwe, singatsho ukuba park mveliso - na indawo ekhethekileyo yezoqoqosho kunye ishishini lethekhinoloji likhula ngokukhawuleza. Yiyo loo nto iiyunithi ziphantsi kolawulo olukhethekeliyo urhulumente, umsebenzi wokuphuhlisa kuwo obekwe nguMongameli we-Russian Federation Vladimir Putin ngo-2005 emva kweminyaka emihlanu yagqitywa uphuhliso lwenkqubo federal ukuphuhlisa imimandla mveliso nakwisayensi eRashiya entsimini ubugcisa eziphakamileyo. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ilizwe lethu liye uvule technoparks elinambini. Iyafuna esithi ukuba kweyoMnga ka 2014 ukuphunyezwa kwenkqubo federal sele igqityiwe ngokupheleleyo. Kulindeleke ukuba intsebenzo mali yazo zonke iipaki kuza kuba ngaphakathi 55%. Kulo mzekelo, baya kukhulula ubuncinane-12% imveliso kumazwe angaphandle.

enye iprojekthi

Enye iinjongo zenkqubo lombuso entsonkothileyo "Technopark of Mordovia". ekwakhiweni kwayo yaqalwa emva kokusayina odolo Putin, epapashwe 12.09.2008, ummandla iyonke yesakhiwo malunga 6,000 sq.m. On nommandla wayo iinkampani akhiwe kuphuhliso software, kwakunye nezo mibutho, umsebenzi yayo ezinxulumene bume lolwazi kunye nokudalwa zolwazi ngokwesiseko ubuchwepheshe bale mihla.

Ekupheleni kuka-2014 ngendlela entsonkothileyo "Technopark of Mordovia" laphehlelelwa lesibini kwinqanaba. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, wonke ummandla imisebenzi zone ngempumelelo amahlanu enye inkampani umhlali, ngokubonelela imisebenzi 1634. I iyonke Ingeniso yonyaka ka Technopark - engange billion 1 ..

Technopark e Togliatti

Izowuni inkulu yenzululwazi kunye woshishino Russia i Valley Zhiguli. Le paki mveliso, wakha kufuphi nesixeko Togliatti. Le kummandla ka-65,000 macala onke. m Eyona ndlela iphambili technopark "Zhiguli kwintlambo." - uthungelwano kunye nobuchwepheshe bolwazi, okonga umbane kunye nokusebenza eneji, ezothutho, amachiza, ngokunjalo nophuhliso endle ukuhambahamba esibhakabhakeni.

Okwangoku, kukho iinkampani, inani apho kwixesha elizayo ukuba kukhule amakhulu-22.