Umphathi wesekethe yenkqubo elanga. Imilinganiselo yenkqubo elanga

System Solar - isakhiwo omncinane kwisikali iphela. Ngaphezu koko, ubukhulu balo ukuba umntu ngokwenene linzima: ngamnye nathi siphila kwi planethi yesihlanu inkulu Asivumelekanga ukuba ukuvavanya isikali Yomhlaba. Ubukhulu athobekile indlu yethu, mhlawumbi ukuba waziva kuphela xa ujonga kwi window ye kwisiphekepheke. Injalo imvakalelo efanayo ngexesha lobrawuzo Telescope iifoto ezikhawulezayo "Hubble": Indalo likhulu nakummandla wezijikelezi ohlala kuphela inxalenye encinane yawo. Noko ke, ukuba sinako ukufunda kwaye bahlole, kusetyenziswa iinkcukacha ukulungiselela utoliko iziganeko isithuba enzonzobila.

lulawula jikelele

Indawo Solar System, izazinzulu ezimiselwe ubungqina, kuba thina asikwazi ukubona isakhiwo inxalenye Way. intwana yethu yonke ise kwenye ezingalweni isantya iMilky Way. Orion ngaphakathi, ngoko igama kuba igqitha kufutshane lekroza eponymous njengenye yezinto isebe engundoqo imikhono esembindini. Ilanga ibekwe kufutshane ngohlangothi kwidiski, kunokuba kweli ziko: Umgama ukuya yokugqibela imalunga 26 eliwaka iminyaka elula.

Izazinzulu zibonisa ukuba indawo isijungqe indalo yethu inzuzo elinye phezu kwelinye. Kwi yonke kumnyele le Solar System, iMilky Way kukho iinkwenkwezi ukuba ngenxa yohlobo intshukumo yabo kunye nobudlelwane kunye nezinye izinto antywiliselwa ezingalweni ephotheneyo, oko kuvela kubo. Noko ke, kukho ummandla ebizwa corotation uluhlu ezincinane apho isantya iingalo ezijikeleze nencopho star. Ibekwe apha emzimbeni yokuba lo lakufumana iinkqubo ubundlobongela ethile enemikhono. Ngu corotation circle libhekisela ilanga-langa. Isimo esinjalo kucingelwa ukuba yenye yezona meko negalelo ekuveleni eziphilayo emhlabeni.

Umphathi wesekethe yenkqubo elanga

Umzimba central wabahlali langa - yinkwenkwezi. Igama kwenkqubo elanga inika impendulo alupheli kumbuzo lusishukumisela ukukhanya emhlabeni uMhlaba kunye nabamelwane balo. Sun - besizukulwana sesithathu seenkwenkwezi embindini umjikelo wobomi balo. Likhanya iminyaka engaphezu kwama-4.5 billion. Malunga inani elifanayo babuyelayo kuwo wonke umhlaba.

Iskim kwenkqubo solar namhlanje siquka iiplanethi esibhozo: Mercury, Venus, Umhlaba, Mars, Jupiter, likaSaturn, Uranus noNeptune (ngento eyenzeka iPluto, ngezantsi). ngoku ke bohlulwa babe ngamaqela amabini: iiplanethi ezisentlabathini iingxilimbela negesi.

"Izihlobo"

Uhlobo lokuqala iiplanethi, njengoko igama lichaza, iquka uMhlaba. Ukongeza koku lilifa Mercury, Venus ne Mars. bonke babe iseti iimpawu ezifanayo. planethi ezisendle ibandakanya ubukhulu becala silicates kunye zesinyithi. Bona ebonakala ezixineneyo. Bonke babe isakhiwo esifanayo: i core yentsimbi bujikelwe i admixture nickel silicate yokwaleka, lo topsheet - amaxolo, equka ambaxa lesilicon kunye nezinto ezingahambelaniyo. Isakhiwo efanayo yaphulwe kuphela Mercury. Zincinane kwaye umhlaba ikufutshane iLanga akanaye kwesikhoko: oko bombardment kutshatyalaliswa.

Iplanethi enkulu iqela - kuba Earth, ilandelwe yi Venus, ngoko Mars. Kukho ethile kwinkqubo solar: iiplanethi ezisentlabathini babumba nezibilini zayo yaye owahluliweyo iingxilimbela zerhasi ibhanti asteroid.

planethi ezinkulu

Inani yamaRefa igesi ziquka kaZeyus, likaSaturn, Uranus noNeptune. Bonke ezinkulu kakhulu izinto ezisentlabathini. Giants ube ezixineneyo asezantsi nalawo, ngokuchaseneyo kwiqela yangaphambili-langa luqulathe hydrogen, helium, ammonia, methane. planethi Giant njengoko umphezulu enjalo, loo nto ithathwa ukuthoba eziqingqiweyo kumda inwebu emoyeni. Zonke izinto ezine ngokukhawuleza kakhulu ajikeleza ngeenxa axis zayo, ube amakhonkco kunye neesathelayithi. Eyona onomtsalane Ubungakanani iplanethi - Jupiter. Yena ihamba kunye nani likhulu-Hewana. Ngelo xesha linye amakhonkco bendalo - iSaturn.

Iimpawu giant igesi ezihambelanayo. Ukuba malunga nobungakanani Earth, kwakuya kuba sisincoko eyahlukileyo. hydrogen Moderate angagcina kuphela umhlaba kokuba ubunzima enkulu ngokwaneleyo.

kwiiplanethi ezincinanana

Lifikile ixesha lokuphicotha yintoni inkqubo solar - Grade 6. Xa abadala namhlanje yabe abakule minyaka yobudala, picture cosmic ezilindele ngokwahlukileyo kancinci. Umphathi wesekethe yenkqubo solar ngelo xesha yayiquka iiplanethi ezisithoba. Uluhlu lokugqibela iPluto. Kwakungekho de kwango-2006, xa intlanganiso IAU (International Astronomical Union) lamkele lo kwinkcazelo iplanethi, kunye iPluto wayeka ukuba bayenze. Elinye lamanqaku ngu: "Umhlaba ku lawula orbit." Indlela motion iPluto zivalwe zezinye izinto esingaphezulu owayesakuba planet iyonke yesithoba ngokobunzima. igama elithi "iplanethi ezincinanana" yaqaliswa kuba iPluto kunye nezinye izinto ezininzi.

Ukususela ngo-2006, zonke izidumbu kwisixokelelwano solar yoko yahlulwe ngokwamaqela amathathu:

• planethi - izinto makhulu ngokwaneleyo, wakwazi ukuba asuse orbit yayo;

• imizimba encinane inkqubo elanga (izijikelezi) - zixhobo ubungakanani omncinane yokuba abakwazi ukufikelela lwesilinganiso hydrostatic, oko kukuthi, ukuthatha ahanjiswa okanye eliqikelelwayo kuyo ukwenza;

• yiplanethi encinane, ahleli kwinqanaba eliphakathi phakathi kweentlobo ezimbini ezidlulileyo: befumene lwesilinganiso hydrostatic, kodwa hayi kususwe orbit.

Udidi yokugqibela ngoku ngokusemthethweni luqulathe imizimba ezintlanu: iPluto, Eris, Makemake, Haumea, kunye Ceres. Le yokugqibela ibhekisa bhanti asteroid. Makemake, Haumea kunye iPluto omelwe ukwenziwa bhanti Kuiper, kunye Eris - disc saa.

ibhanti asteroid

A uhlobo yomda olwahlula iiplanethi ezisentlabathini evela iingxilimbela igesi, ngalo lonke ixesha sisekho yayo baboniswa Jupiter. Ngenxa ebusweni umhlaba omkhulu ibhanti asteroid kukho inani iimpawu. Ngoko, umfanekiso wakhe wamnika bacinge ukuba oko kuyingozi kakhulu ukuba ummandla iziphekepheke: inqanawa zingamoshakala yi Ibhanti. Nangona kunjalo, oku ncam yinyaniso: impembelelo kaZeyus kwakhokelela ekubeni ibhanti lo Sisihloko ningi ngayo izijikelezi-langa ezincinane. Ke umzimba oko kumenza abe ubukhulu ngokwanelisayo uNothozamile. Kwinkqubo wokusungula ibhanti womxhuzulane Jupiter kaThixo nempembelelo umzila izidumbu isithuba esikhulu ukuba isemanzini apha. Ungquzulwano rhoqo ezakhokelela inkangeleko ngamaqhekeza amancinci. Inxalenye ebonakalayo lowo doti phantsi kwempembelelo le kaZeyus enye ikhutshiwe ngaphandle kwenkqubo elanga.

Ubunzima elipheleleyo imizimba ezakha Asteroid Belt, ilingana% 4 kuphela mass iNyanga. Ziqulethe ncakasana zesinyithi kunye namatye. Iqumrhu inkulu kule ngingqi, nenomlanga iplanethi Ceres, elandelwa izijikelezi uPallas, UVesta, kunye gig.

I Kuiper ibhanti

Umphathi wesekethe kwenkqubo solar kwaye ibandakanya izijikelezi sinye bantu. Yeyona Kuiper Belt ime ngaphaya komzila kweneptune. Ezizinto zibekwe apha, kuquka iPluto, kuthiwa kwelentshona ye-Neptunian. Ngokungafaniyo izijikelezi ibhanti phakathi Mars noJupiter, baza benziwa ice - amanzi, ammonia methane. I Kuiper Belt ngokuphindwe 20 banzi Ibhanti kakhulu omkhulu ngaphezu kuyo.

SeBhulin kubume walo yinto eqhelekileyo ye-Kuiper Belt. Yeyona ndawo inkulu umzimba. Lubeke kwakhona nezinye iiplanethi ezimbini ezincinanana: Makemake kunye Haumea.

iyona disc

Imilinganiselo yale nkqubo elanga ayiphelelanga ebhantini Kuiper. Emva kokuba lo esichitha-chithwe disc ebizwa ngokuba kunye Oort ilifu libhekisela kwinto esenokwenzeka. Eyokuqala esilala kunye nebhanti Kuiper, kodwa uya kakhulu ngakumbi esithubeni. Le yindawo apho bazalwa elifutshane ixesha ezinomsila kwinkqubo elanga. Bona ebalasele ixesha Orbital kwiminyaka engaphantsi kwama-200.

Izinto saa diski, kuquka nonomgca ukususela Kuiper umzimba ibhanti ubukhulu becala ziyilwe ngumkhenkce.

I Oort ilifu

A indawo apho ixesha-ithuba ezinomsila zavela langa (ngesithuba amawaka eminyaka), ebizwa ngokuba Oort efini. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, akukho bungqina ngqo bobukho bayo. Kodwa wachaza izibakala ezininzi, engathanga esiqinisekisa hypothesis.

Izazi bakholelwa ukuba imida lwangaphandle ilifu Oort isuswe Ilanga kumgama 50 ukuya 100,000 iiyunithi ngeenkwenkwezi. Ngokutsho kubungakanani bayo, izihlandlo ngaphezu kwewaka ibhanti Kuiper kunye idiskhi kunye saa. Umda olungaphandle Oort ilifu, kwaye zithathwa ukuba kumda kwenkqubo elanga. amaziko ebekwe apha zibethwa iinkwenkwezi elikufutshane. Ngenxa yoko, bakha ezinomsila nokujikeleza leyo kugqitha inxalenye engundoqo yenkqubo elanga.

Isakhiwo unique

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, le nkqubo solar - inxalenye kuphela eyaziwayo indawo, apho kukho ubomi khona. Okokugqibela kodwa okunga kuncinananga ithuba livela iye yanefuthe isakhiwo kwenkqubo langa kunye nokubekwa yayo kwisangqa corotation. Umhlaba ibekwe kwi "ummandla kwelimiweyo" apho kwelanga iba ngaphantsi entshabalalo, kungaba nje abafileyo nabamelwane yayo ekufuphi kuwe. Ezinomsila ezivela kwi Kuiper bhanti, disc saa, kunye Oort ilifu, kunye izijikelezi eninzi musa ukubatshabalalisa kuphela Dinosaurs, kodwa kakhulu amathuba okuba ephilayo. Ukusuka kuzo thina ukhuselwe kaZeyus omkhulu, umzobo ukuba ngokwalo izinto ezinjalo okanye ukutshintsha orbit zabo.

Ngexesha ukufunda isakhiwo kwenkqubo wezijikelezi-langa nzima ukuba baphenjelelwa anthropocentrism: kubonakala ngathi yonke into kuphela ukuba abantu bakwazi ukuba ivele. Oku mhlawumbi akunjalo, ke, kukho inani elikhulu iimeko, bezityholo nakancinane eyayiza kubangela ukufa zonke izinto eziphilayo, beka nzima kwiingcamango ezinjalo.