Station Polar "Vostok" Antarctica: inkcazelo, imbali, imozulu kunye nokufikelela

station Legendary Russian polar "Vostok" e Antarctica yadalwa 1957. Le ibekwe esizikithini lizwekazi, umkhenkce nekhephu. Kanye kwiminyaka 59 eyadlulayo, yaye namhlanje luphawu of pole nokungafumaneki.

Umgama ukusuka esikhululweni ukuya South Pole lingaphantsi kwe elwandle, kwaye labantu isikhululo awudluli abantu 25. Amaqondo obushushu asezantsi, ubude neekhilomitha ezingaphezu kwezintathu ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle, ukuba bohlukaniswe ngokupheleleyo kwihlabathi ebusika basenze omnye kakhulu kakubi iindawo yokuhlala yabantu on Earth. Phezu kwazo nje iimeko ezinzima, ubomi kwi "East" akaluyeki nokuba kwi -80 ° C. Izazinzulu zizama elwandle ekhethekileyo subglacial, nto leyo imi kubunzulu kweekhilomitha ezine.

indawo

station Scientific "Vostok" (Antarctica) ibekwe km 1253 ukusuka South Pole and 1260 km ukusuka elunxwemeni lolwandle. Icecap apha ufikelela ubukhulu ka 3700 m. Ebusika, isikhululo ayikwazi ukuba kufikelelwe, ngoko ke abahloli polar kufuneka sithembele kuphela ngamandla abo. moya kusiwa apha layisha ehlotyeni. "Inkqubela" ngenjongo efanayo yaye yasebenzisa isileyi-ezinqunquthayo ngololiwe ukusuka kwisikhululo. Ngaphambili, uloliwe yiloo kunye nesikhululo "Uxolo", kodwa namhlanje, ngenxa yokwanda kwe hummocks endleleni uloliwe, kwakungenakwenzeka.

station Polar "Vostok" ibekwe kufuphi South Geomagnetic Pole iplanethi yethu. Oku kukuvumela ukuba benze utshintsho Imagnethi uphando Yomhlaba. Ebudeni zasehlotyeni kwisikhululo zimalunga ngabantu mane - iinjineli kunye izazinzulu.

"Vostok" isitishi: imbali, imozulu

Eli ziko unique zenzululwazi yakhiwa ngo-1957 ngeenjongo zophando kunye ekubhekeni eziphilayo ka-Antarctica. Ukususela ekusekweni kwesikhululo Russian "Vostok" e Antarctica akazange ayeke ukusebenza, umsebenzi wakhe uyaqhubeka namhlanje. Izazinzulu abanomdla kakhulu echibini relict subglacial. ukubhola unique iidipozithi glacial zaye zabanjwa phakathi kwiminyaka yoo-nineties kwisikhululo. umfutho thermal kuqala ze emva koko electromechanical kwi intambo ethwele zasetyenziswa.

Ukubhola AARI iqela kunye Institute Mining iLeningrad ngokudibeneyo wafumanisa ichibi ekhethekileyo komhlaba "East". Le nto ifihlakeleyo qhwa Ebubanzini bungaphezu kweekhilogram ezingamawaka amane leemitha. imilinganiso yalo, wavele 250x50 km. Ubunzulu kwama 1,200 kweemitha. indawo yayo lidlula 15.5 ophosa square.

Ngoku ke uphuhliso iiprojekthi ezintsha ukulungiselela uphando echibini enzonzobila. "East" - isikhululo e Antarctica, wathabatha inxaxheba kwinkqubo ekujoliswe federal "World Ocean". Ukongeza, abaphengululi uphando umsebenzi yabantu kwiimeko ezinzima ezinjalo.

sezulu

iimeko ezinzima station odumileyo polar "Vostok". Imozulu ndawo kungachazwa ngokufutshane - indawo eqhaqhazelisa emhlabeni hayi. lobushushu apha, ubuncinane ingundoqo abhalwe - 89 ° C. Iimpawu lobushushu Umyinge kulo lonke uluhlu ngonyaka ukususela -31 ° C ne - 68 ° C, ukuya inani elililo, nto leyo ezisisigxina godu kude 1957 - -13 ° C. iintsuku 120 kuyaqhubeka ebusuku polar - ukusuka ekupheleni kuka-Epreli ukuya ekupheleni kuka-Agasti.

Iinyanga zikhuthazayo kwisikhululo - ngoDisemba nangoJanuwari. Ngeli xesha, ubushushu -35,1 ° C -35,5 ° C. Le lobushushu ifaniswa ebandayo anthrax ebusika. Le nyanga abanda - Agasti. lobushushu umoya uyawa -75,3 ° C, yaye ngamanye amaxesha ngezantsi -88,3 ° C. Bobude abanda (umhla) -52 ° C, kuba yonke imigqaliselo ngoMeyi ubushushu lingaphumi ngasentla -41.6 ° C. Kodwa amaqondo aphantsi - kuba akukho ngxaki imozulu enkulu kunye umngeni ukuba abahloli.

Station "East" (Antarctica) ibekwe kwindawo ngu zero nokufuma. Apha kukho yokunqongophala kwe-oksijini. Esi sikhululo ibekwe kwi kubude ngaphezu kwamawaka amathathu yeemitha ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle. Kwindawo ezintsonkothileyo zokungaqheli yabantu ithatha ngeveki ukuya kwiinyanga ezimbini. Le nkqubo kudla kunye injabulo emehlweni, isiyezi, nokopha, iintlungu ezindlebeni, imvakalelo ukutsarhwa, ukwanda koxinzelelo lwegazi, zokulala, ukungabi namdla, isicaphucaphu, iintlungu eziqatha imisipha namalungu, ilahleko ubunzima ngeekhilogram ukuya ezintlanu.

kwimisebenzi yezobunzululwazi

"East" - isikhululo e Antarctica, apho iingcali na ngaphezu kwesiqingatha senkulungwane ye kophando izimbiwa kunye ezizizembiwa izinto, esela amanzi, ithwalelwe actinometrical, Aero-zemozulu, glaciological nezinto esizibonayo yesimo. Ngaphezu koko, uphando lwezonyango, ukufunda ukutshintsha kwemozulu, ukuqhuba uphando "ozone mngxuma" njalo-njalo. D.

Ubomi kwisikhululo

"East" - station e Antarctica, apho abantu ezikhethekileyo abahlala kunye nomsebenzi. Ewe ngamabona benyanisekile nababambene nabo, ukuba unomdla isifundo yeli lizwekazi twisisaka. Le phithi, ngokwengqiqo intle ilizwi, ebavumela ukuba banyamezele bonke ubunzima yokuzahlula yobomi, ixesha elide nabantu ababathandayo. ubomi Polar nga nomona only kuphela extremals kakhulu lithemba.

Station "Vostok" (Antarctica) inemisebenzi. Umzekelo, kubomi bemihla ngemihla singqongwe ezinye izinambuzane - amabhabhathane, iingcongconi, neembuzane. Kwisikhululo, akukho nto. Akukho nokude iintsholongwane. Amanzi apha - ukusuka ikhephu bunyibilike. It ayiqulathanga naluphi na izimbiwa okanye iityuwa, ngoko ke abasebenzi izityalo okokuqala abanengxaki unxano rhoqo.

Sele ekhankanywe ukuba abaphandi kudala seligrunjiwe kakuhle eyimfihlakalo Lake Vostok. Ngo-2011, xa ubunzulu yeemitha 3540 yafunyanwa ngama i ice entsha namerz ngezantsi. Eli chibi amanzi zibambene. Polar ukuphikisana ukuba acocekile kwaye mnandi kakhulu incasa, oko semzini ukwenziwa iti.

Esi sakhiwo, ikhaya ukuba abahloli polar baye baqaphela umaleko imitha-ezimbini ikhephu. Ngaphakathi akukho kukhanya. zokuphuma ezimbini ukuya ngaphandle kukhokela - eziphambili kunye nendawo egciniweyo. Indlela ephambili - ke ucango apho wemba kwikhephu imitha-amahlanu etoneleni. uphumo Emergency elifutshane kakhulu. It is a ngezinyuko engumnqantsa ekhokelela uphahla esitishini.

Isakhiwo zokuhlala inalo saloon, i-TV phezu kodonga (nangona isikhululo umabonakude ezisentlabathini akakho), itafile pool. Xa lobushushu igumbi kusithwa ngaphantsi zero, bonke zama akukho ukuhamba. Kodwa ngenye imini, abahloli stock wafumana sinesiphene zomdlalo console. Kwathiwa yalungiswa, qhagamshela TV kunye wardroom wadla ubomi - ngoku khona ukuba abahloli. Xa iidyasi eshushu kunye nebrukhwe, iibhutsi iminqwazi, beza kudlala balwe kunye iintlanga.

qaphela amabhere ukuba isikhululo "Vostok" (Antarctica) iguqulelwa ngokwemiqathango yobomi bemihla ngemihla kwiminyaka yakutshanje. zokuhlala efudumeleyo, amagumbi umsebenzi wesikolo, igumbi lokutyela, iyunithi idizili kunye nezinye eziyimfuneko ukuze ubomi ubume isikhululo wenza ubomi apha yamkelekile kakhulu.

Umlilo kwi "Vostok" station e Antarctica

Yeshumi ngo-Apreli 1982 "East" akwenziwa adibane nezwe. Akukho bani wayenako kwangaphambili oko kwenzekayo. Ebusuku, ngexesha, isikhululo wabonakala phezu Relation izihlandlo ezilithoba. Xa uxhulumano wayengekho kunye yesibini ngelixa elimisiweyo, kwacaca: kwakukho into engaqhelekanga. Ukunqongophala konxibelelwano - kuyo nayiphi kwimeko yengozi kaxakeka. Amacala inkathazo kwisikhululo ngoko akukho mntu ongewayenako ukuyipopola.

Station "East" (Antarctica) abe kwigumbi elahlukileyo, apho wayebekwe kwisikhululo samandla diesel. Apho umlilo uqale ngobusuku ngoMatshi 12. Yaba ekuqaleni kobusika. Ngamandla ukuba yakhiwe indlu encinane wahlala apho ubucukubhede. Bamvusa ngentsimbi yesine ekuseni ivumba acrid yomsi.

Ngaphandle, bafumana ukuba umlilo uvutha phezu kwendlu. A imizuzu embalwa zonke winterers ungxamile, enxibe wabaleka waya kubanda. Makhe ukuba ngobuciko ndawo, waphuma. Le ukukhanya kuphela ngomlilo.

Ukulwa Fire

Loo mlilo waqala kuphosa kwikhephu, waza wazama asisibeke tarpaulin ukuthintela ukufikelela kwe-oksijini. Kodwa tarpaulin ephakamayo nangoko. Abantu akhwela phezu kwendlu, kwafuneka ngokukhawuleza ukutsibela phantsi. Le Uphahla kutshiswa ngokupheleleyo imizuzu engamashumi amathathu.

eemitha, nobubanzi obulishumi ukusuka kwisikhululo kumi itanki diesel. Tsala kwabo akunakwenzeka - zinzima kakhulu. Ngethamsanqa, lo kwakuvuthuza umoya kwelinye icala. Olugciniweyo okwangoku nokuba amafutha emoto ayekwi kwakubanda kakhulu, ingqele waba viscous. Uye waba shushu kakhulu umhlalaphansi phandle.

Ngoko nangoko bamazwe abazange phawula ukuba kukho enye injineli phakathi kwabo. isidumbu sakhe kwafunyanwa eluthuthwini. Ngoko nangoko emva kokuba ndawo kwisikhululo umlilo basala ngaphandle ubushushu nokukhanya, kodwa esitratweni waba -67 ° C ...

Indlela yokusinda?

Kwakukho yintlekele ngokwenene. Down ezimbini idizili generator ngokupheleleyo ukuba isikhululo sombane abonelelwe kunye egciniweyo ezimbini. Musa ukuba ukukhanya kumagumbi kokuba de-walifaka izixhobo zenzululwazi, iibhetri yaye iphela isitovu kwi kuhamba. Ingxaki nokuba ngamanzi - ke walungisa elektrotayalke ikhephu. Kwigumbi eliluncedo le wafumana separafini isitovu endala. Kuye wafudukela kwenye enqabeni zokuhlala.

Kwaye ngeli xesha ekhangela Bacinga indlela yokuphuma imeko eMoscow. Thina wacebisana abaqhubi kunye noomatiloshe. Kodwa akukho nanye ukhetho lingaphunyezwa ebusuku ezinzima ezibandayo.

Ubomi emva komlilo

Abahloli bagqiba ukusinda ngokwabo. guys ngesibindi alinde uncedo evela emhlabeni nomsinga. E Moscow, umyalezo radio yadluliselwa: "Kude entwasahlobo kusinda." Babesazi ukuba kwilizwekazi enomkhenkce akuthethi ukuxolela kubekhona, kodwa asinalo kwabo ithemba.

Ubusika kulo waqhubeka ukunyanzela-majeure iimeko. Abahloli baye bafudukela kwenye yokuhlala encinane. Ngokusekelwe isilinda zegesi wayikrola izitovu ezintsha ezintlanu. Kulo gumbi, nto leyo lokulala, igumbi lokutyela, kunye nekhitshi, kwaye izixhobo zenzululwazi.

Eyona ethile ephambili iziko elitsha laba mnyama. Esiya kuthatha ibhakede ngosuku. Emva kwethutyana, enkosi yazi aerology uze upheke winterers nako ukubhaka isonka. Iinxalenye uvavanyo, anamathela iindonga eziko, kwaye ngoko ke isonka enokutyiwa ngokupheleleyo.

Kwakhona ukutya eshushu, nangokuvutha kwakulindeleke ukukhanya. Kwaye ke aba bantu ezinamandla baqala ukwenza amakhandlela kusetyenziswa iparafini asbestos nentambo ezikhoyo. "Mveliso Candle" wayesebenza kude kuphele ubusika.

Umsebenzi uyaqhubeka!

Nangona iimeko, yinto eningenakukholwa yiyo, abahloli baya baqalisa ukucinga ekuqhubekekeni umsebenzi zenzululwazi. Kodwa ke ngenxa yokuba kukho intsilelo enkulu umbane. Injini lokusinda kuphela uwuzalisayo a iimfuno oonomathotholo welding. It nje "ukoyika ukuphefumla."

Kunjalo nesangoma bephazamisa bakubonileyo ngemozulu kuphela xa kusitsha. Emva ntlekele, wasebenza njengesiqhelo. Ondele kuye, waza waqhubeka nomsebenzi magnetologist.

usindiso

Wayibamba ubusika - ezibandayo kakhulu, kungekho kukhanya kwelanga xa oksijini ukunqongophala, izimo enkulu. Kodwa aba bantu ukunyamezela, ukuba kukodwa a feat. Baye andilahlekwanga ukuzeyisa "kukungcamla" ukusebenza. Yayiqhubeka iinyanga 7.5, njengoko kwakuthenjisiwe nabalondolozi Moscow, kwiimeko ezinzima.

Ekuqaleni Novemba ukuya kwisikhululo moya-IL-14, nto leyo bazisa ijanareyitha entsha ubusika ezitsha ezine, kwiphulo 28 ezayo. Kwaba phakathi abakhweli-moya kunye Doctor elide lulindelwe. Uthe ke kulindeleke ukuba abone kwisikhululo abatyhafileyo kunye nabantu ndidiniwe. Noko ke, le guys zonke kulungile.

Ke kaloku, emva kweentsuku ezilishumi elinesihlanu ka "Uxolo" wafika isileyi-itrekta ngololiwe. Weza izinto zokwakha kunye neemveliso, ngokunjalo zonke nokwakhiwa mveliso. Emva koko xesha baya izikhululo ngokukhawuleza: wonke umntu wazama zilibuyise "amatyala" aqokelelwe uphando.

Xa kwafika utshintsho, ziintlolazwe nemizabalazo ithunyelwe-moya ukuya 'uxolo'. Ebhodini efanayo wayizisa iintsalela womfi Alexei Karpenko. It wangcwatywa Antarctic "Novodevichy" amangcwaba. Abanye bathunyelwa nqanawa polar "Bashkiria", nto leyo abasa eLeningrad. Namhlanje, bonke ephila kakuhle, yaye abanye abantu ngelo xesha kwakhona ukuba bathathe inxaxheba uhambo Antarctic.

Station "Vostok": imithetho ukutyelela

Abakhenkethi, kuba loo nto, kunye nabahambi sikulungele, esi sikhululo nje priglashayut- Center Research. Noko ke, ukuba atyelele i "East" isekhona kunokwenzeka. Ukuze wenze oku, abanqwenela ukuba isicelo Research Institute of the Arctic ukubonisa ngokuqiniseka kutheni isikhululo kufuneka kubo. mfuno zisezantsi zicelo - impilo entle kunye ezininzi izakhono luncedo.