Luluphi ulwimi oluthethwa e-Finland ngexesha lethu

Makhe sibone ukuba yintoni ulwimi oluthethwa eFinland. Phakathi iilwimi ezininzi isandi kweli lizwe, ehamba Finnish, IsiSwedish, kunye Russian. Kwi ezahlukeneyo izigaba zembali awuyitshintshanga iilwimi karhulumente ka-Finland. Ulwimi abaluthethayo eFinland mihla? Sikunye, siya kufuna ukuba uphendule lo mbuzo.

iimpawu omasipala

Xa oomasipala olunye kusetyenziswa Finnish okanye Swedish kuphela kuphela. Kuba iinketho iilwimi ingqalelo ephambili Finnish ulwimi lwabemi uluntu lwegcuntswana uthetha Swedish. Kunokwenzeka kwaye eyongeziweyo lobeko kunye lobudlelwano, okt izenzo Finnish njenge indlela yesibini zonxibelelwano.

imbali

Nokuhlanganisa yintoni ulwimi oluthethwa eFinland, sibheka kuzo kwimbali yeli lizwe. Phambi ko 1809, njengokuba ulwimi kuphela esemthethweni Finland wathetha Swedish. Ukuya ku-1917 i-Grand Duchy of Finland yaba yinxalenye ubukhosi Russian, sinjalo nathi kweli xesha kweli lizwe kusetyenziswa iilwimi ezintathu: Finnish, IsiSwedish, Russian. Yintoni ulwimi eFinland yaba inqununu ngeli xesha?

Russian esetyenziselwa ofisi, Finnish wayesele inqanaba lophuhliso, kunye nolwimi Swedish salahlekelwa. In Vyborg Basebenzisa German.

Alexander 1 isalelo ngo-1908 phezu ukuziphatha yenkqubo e Finland in Swedish. Umlawuli wayalela ukuba angene ulwimi esikolweni Russian. Ngelakho kufuneka ziye kwaye namagosa ukuza kurhulumente, emkhosini kweli lizwe.

Ngenkulungwane ye-yeshumi elinesithoba uyekwa ulwazi lolwimi mandatory Russian kwamagosa.

Luluphi ulwimi oluthethwa Finland ukususela 1858? Ngeli xesha, ekudaleni isikolo samabanga aphakamileyo yokuqala, oluqhutywa kuqeqesho kulwimi eFinland.

Ukususela 1863 e Helsingfors University isifundo in Finnish. Yaba ngeli xesha amagosa kweli lizwe zithi Finnish kunye Swedish. Ukunyuka kwenani lephephandaba Finnish, iphuhlise inkcubeko Finnish-lwimi.

Ngowe-1892 ilizwe ezazisiweyo njengolwimi olusemthethweni ulwimi Finnish, yaye ngo-1922 kongezwa noku Swedish. Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini, kukho iwonga ekhethekileyo ulwimi lwesiSami. Umzekelo, zonke izigqibo ezibalulekileyo kunye nemigaqo karhulumente, yimizekeko ezinxulumene ngqo Sami kwimiba ethile ukuguqulelwa kolo lwimi.

modernity

Luluphi ulwimi oluthethwa e-Finland namhlanje? Ngokuba uninzi lwabantu kweli lizwe njengokuba ulwimi lwenkobe uthetha Finnish. Malunga ezintlanu ekhulwini labemi uthetha lwesigodi Swedish, ngaphantsi kwesinye ekhulwini ingqalelo Russian ulwimi lwabo lweenkobe.

Tatar, Karelian ulwimi esetyenziswa bamalunga ne-1.8% yabemi. Malunga namawaka amane abemi beli lizwe kumantla ukunxibelelana lwezandla Finnish.

iimpawu zokwahlula lweelwimi

Nokuhlanganisa yintoni ulwimi oluthethwa eFinland, siphawula ukuba ulwimi Finnish kweli lizwe iqatshelwa ligosa. Ukubonakala kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba, oko ngokusesikweni intloko lizwe.

Ulwimi Swedish ifundiswa ukusuka kwibanga lesithathu koomasipala ezintandathu: Imatra, Tohmajärvi, Savonlinna, Puumala, Lappeenranta, Mikkeli. ulwimi Russian okunikelwa abafundi kwibakala lesixhenxe, uqeqesho kwenziwa isicelo abantwana kunye nabazali babo.

iintlobo ezintathu iilwimi Sami aqhelekile Finland-yanamhlanje: Northern, inarisaamsky, severosaamsky, Skolt Sami. Xa eziguqulweyo abaninzi kunye namaziko emfundo kwisithili Sami obonelela ngemfundo kunye nenkqubo yoqeqesho ngolwimi Sami. iinkqubo zikarhulumente Kwaphuhliswa kunye ezizodwa ezijoliswe sigcine izithethe iilwimi, ukudluliselwa babo kwisizukulwana esitsha. I-siseko icandelo okhethekileyo ezisesikweni apho amalungelo abemi Sami.

isiphelo

Nangona yokuba ngoku e Finland ukuthetha ngeelwimi ezininzi, kukho ingozi wokwenene yokulahleka ezinye zazo. Ngokomzekelo, nje ezihlanu iwaka nesiqingatha eFinland ukuthetha Finnish Kalo. Olu lwimi lusetyenziswa Finnish Roma (Kale), owathi wangena lizwe ukusuka eSkotlani.

Malunga amathathu amawaka abemi Finland mihla ukunxibelelana ngolwimi Karelian. Abaphandi baye baphawula umkhwa ngokuthe ngcembe ukwandisa inani labo, ngenxa yokufuduka ubunzima Karelia kweli lizwe.

It ukhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye Russian abathetha liqaqobana kwintsimi eFinland. ulwimi Russian iye kule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo eFinland, owesithathu ixhaphakileyo. Okwangoku oko akanayo iwonga esemthethweni ulwimi karhulumente, kodwa malunga 65 amawaka abantu ngo-2012 (njengoko iziphumo izifundo zamanani) kwaziswa kweli lizwe yaseScandinavia ukho Russian.