Lizwe iinkcazelo ukuhlela. Geography, labantu. capital

Hayi nje isifundo iimpawu zendalo kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo ababandakanyekayo geography yezenzululwazi. Inkcazelo lizwe, isimo sezulu, labemi, uqoqosho kunye norhulumente - naye phakathi izinto izifundo olu qeqesho. Njengokuba sifunda urhulumente? Ingaba ilizwe zichaza njani esi sicwangciso? Oku uya kufunda kweli nqaku.

Indlela ukuchaza lizwe?

Zokuma ukuchaza ilizwe ngeskim efanayo. Oku kuquka inkcazo yohlobo, labemi, uqoqosho kunye polity. lizwe iinkcazo sicwangciso siquka ezi zinto zilandelayo:

• nendawo (indawo mhlaba, ubude umda, indawo iingongoma obugqithisileyo, ubukho itshixiwe inani kumazwe angabamelwane kunye ngokubanzi novavanyo nenzuzo kwindawo neAfrika zikarhulumente);
• iimpawu zendalo intsimi (kwemozulu, isimo, amanzi ekhaya, ihlabathi eziphilayo, etc ...);
• elikomkhulu kunye nesakhiwo solawulo-lwengingqi karhulumente;
• labemi beli lizwe (inani lilonke, ukuxinana, indawo, yobuhlanga, ezenkolo nezeelwimi composition);
• uqoqosho (i ezikhethiweyo eziphambili, amashishini ezingundoqo, uphuhliso kwezolimo, isixa -GDP ngamnye kunye nezinye Iimpawu zoqoqosho);
• ingakumbi inkqubo yezopolitiko (ipalamente, umongameli, urhulumente).

ilizwe iinkcazelo zesicwangciso Kwakhona iqulathe ulwazi malunga iyantlukwano zenkcubeko, umtsalane kubakhenkethi, imali, iisimboli ezisemthethweni karhulumente.

I indawo okuyo kweli lizwe

Nayiphi na inkcazo yesicwangciso lizwe kufuneka iqale apho ibekwe ilizwe. Oko kukuthi, kufuneka unikeze ulwazi malunga yintoni ikhweyitha yaye yintoni zwekazi urhulumente, yintoni na indawo yayo kwaye ubude zizonke emdeni. Liququzelela amazwe ichazwe ngu amanqaku kakhulu: ngasentla, ezantsi, entshona nasempuma. Ngokusekelwe kule nkcazelo, siyakwazi ukuchaza ubude lulonke kummandla karhulumente ukusuka ngasentshonalanga ukuya empumalanga, ngasentla, okanye ngezantsi, yaye ukuqikelela uqwalaselo layo yonke (compact okanye side kwicala elithile).

Kubalulekile nje ukuchaza Indawo esikuyo lizwe, kodwa ukuvavanya izibonelelo zalo zoqoqosho. Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukubonisa apho amazwe owayamene ilizwe, nokuba ufikelela elwandle, imilambo emikhulu iinqanawa, nokuba kunjalo entle ekudibaneni izithuthi ebalulekileyo. Nganye kwezi nkalo kuchaphazela kakhulu uqoqosho kunye nentlalo-ntle ngokubanzi lizwe.

iimeko zendalo kunye nezibonelelo

Isiqendu sesibini inkcazo yesicwangciso lizwe - olu hlobo ethile ummandla othile (geomorphological, lwemozulu, njl ...).

Imozulu yeli lizwe kubalulekile kuphuhliso kwazo kwezoqoqosho. Ngoko, loo nto ithathwa i indawo ifanelekileyo karhulumente kwindawo kwimozulu epholileyo (phakathi degrees 45 no-65). Kule ndawo - iimeko ezininzi kangangoko ubomi babantu kunye nezolimo.

Le ukukhululeka lizwe kuchaphazela-ntle yakhe. Ngoko akukho mfihlelo ngengingqi caba kulula kakhulu ukuba ukwakha imizi, ukuhlahlela iindlela, ukwakha izakhiwo ezinkulu mveliso. Hi ndlela leyi, imizi kakhulu kwaye laziwa kwihlabathi abanawo kumathafa, emdeni elwandle okanye emilanjeni emikhulu.

labemi beli lizwe

Inani labantu eli lizwe - nayo ngumba obalulekileyo ukufunda zayo ezibanzi. Echaza oko kuyimfuneko ukuba ukhankanye inani elipheleleyo yabemi, nengxinano yabemi, ukuba abonakalisa imeko ngokwedemografi, njalo-njalo.

ngokwezalathi ezibalulekileyo ukuba umyinge wenzala kunye Izinga lokusweleka beminyaka yokuphila kweli lizwe, izinga lokusweleka kweentsana. Kuba uninzi kumazwe kwezoqoqosho luphawulwa izinga ngokuzalwa eliphantsi, ukufa ephantsi kunye sokuphila ebalulekileyo. Kumazwe asakhasayo ka-Asia, eAfrika Melika, phezu koko, kukho izinga eliphezulu yokuzalwa, yokufa kunye namazinga asezantsi ukusinda lulonke.

Into ebalulekileyo abalinganiswa nayiphi na ilizwe yinto kuqamba yobuhlanga, ulwimi nangokwenkolo abemi balo. Zonke izizwe zehlabathi bohlulwa babe ngamaqela amabini: monoethnic (leyo ilawulwa uhlanga enye) kunye multi-yobuhlanga (nto leyo emele i "xuba" kwamaqela eentlanga kunye nobuzwe).

Uqoqosho isimo

Izikhombisi eziphambili kuphuhliso lwezoqoqosho ziquka oku kulandelayo:

• GDP kunye GDP ngamnye;
• amazinga ingeniso;
• ukhuphiswano kweempahla kunye neenkonzo kumazwe wavelisa;
• iindleko kunye nomgangatho zabasebenzi;
• izinga bokonakala;
• umgangatho ukuphuculwa, njl

Ngokutsho kwezi zalathisi, onke amazwe bohlulwa babe ngamaqela eziliqela. Yaba kumazwe aphuhlileyo ngokwezoqoqosho (Japan, USA, Canada, Australia, South Korea, eJamani, France kunye nabanye), ukuphuhlisa amazwe (eMyanmar, Chad, Bolivia, Bangladesh kunye nabanye), kwakunye kumazwe anoqoqosho akutshintsho (eRashiya, eUkraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan njalo njalo. d.).

Ngokutsho isakhiwo yemveliso woshishino onke amazwe zihlukaniswe:

• industrial;
• zezolimo;
• mveliso yezolimo;
• postindustrial.

Isakhiwo sezopolitiko kweli lizwe

State - oku umbutho olukhethekileyo kunye nesakhiwo oluxandileyo, yenzelwe ukulawula inkampani. Lezopolitiko isixhobo (chaza) onke amazwe zehlabathi zingahlulwa zibe ngamaqela amathathu:

• esihlangene - abo zithi zonganyelwe ukususela eyodwa indawo (imizekelo: Romania, Ukraine, France, Norway, etc ...);
• Izwe, eliquka ezikhoyo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo - ithi, umhlaba, nkosi (imizekelo: Russia, USA, Germany);
• Dlalo - ukuvumelana States ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu okwethutyana.

Ifom ye yelizwe stand-neNgonyama (apho wonke amandla ukuba umntu omnye yaye ilifa) kunye Republic (apho owona mthombo uphambili wamandla yi uninzi). Ukumkani nako mda (ngamandla mda lo kumkani), yepalamente (amandla savela kaThixo ilinganiselwe yiPalamente) nesebenzisa (amandla ephakamileyo bobabo i-Church). Umzekelo kuphela yanje neNgonyama yobuthixo kweli hlabathi eVatican.

Umgaqo-lizwe kuxhomekeke kwinkqubo iindlela nobuchule, kunye apho liyakuqonda ukuzala bamandla akhe. Uvela kule ithisisi, ulawulo lwezopolitiko kwimeko ethile ukuze zomthetho (zentando yesininzi) yileyo okanye onegunya.

Countries and kwezihloko

Capital - yengundoqo (akunyanzelekanga inkulu) isixeko kweli lizwe apho urhulumente kunye nezinye izigqeba ezibalulekileyo kwamandla karhulumente. Igama livela i "itheyibhile (pre)" zamandulo Russian, gama elo elithetha "itrone". Ngesi etymology wacofa esithandwayo 'ikomkhulu Kiev. "

Thabatha ezikhethiweyo zempahla eyinkunzi - kusoloko byi kurhulumente. Emva amaziko amabini okanye nangaphezulu ezinkulu unokufaka ibango indima zesixeko. In Austria-Hungarian uBukhosi, umzekelo, ukusombulula le ngxaki kunye nako. Ngoko ke, kukho zikhona iingqukuva nje ezimbini - Vienna kunye Budapest. Kwezinye States, ikomkhulu ukudala nokwakha phantse 'ekuqaleni' (umzekelo urhulumente onjalo kunokuba-United States of America kunye ikomkhulu Washington).

Countries kunye amantloko azo zisoloko kubonwa njengesinye. Kodwa musa ukulibala ukuba isihloko 'intloko yesixeko "kwi kurhulumente zingatshintshwa. Ngoko ke, ngo-1997 urhulumente Kazakhstan ethutha ikomkhulu ukusuka Almaty ukuya Astana.

Enye capital olukhulu kwimephu yehlabathi - oku iYerusalem. Esi sixeko likomkhulu ngexesha inye mazwe mabini - kwaSirayeli nasePalestina.

Flag - njengomfuziselo engundoqo karhulumente

Flags behlabathi kwahluka enye kwenye nje kuphela umbala okanye ipateni, kodwa ibathwana zayo (ububanzi nobude ngelaphu). Zonke iindwe amazwe lehlabathi abe imilo yemveli ebuxande (ubuncinane - isikwere), ngaphandle omnye - i Nepalese. Banner lizwe imelwe uhlobo zoonxantathu ezimbini ngokulinganayo.

Iflegi zindala ihlabathi mazithathwe Danish. Sisihlandlo sokuqala ebhaliweyo yaba emva kunyaka 1219. Yaye nantsi ke eyona ilula kuyilo iflegi Libyan - kuba ngokupheleleyo ngengubo eluhlaza.

Flags behlabathi zahluke siso zabo umbala. flower nganye intsingiselo yaso yokomfuziselo kwimo ethile. White, njengokuba umthetho, ufuzisela uxolo nempumelelo, kwaye eluhlaza - ubutyebi bendalo kakhulu.

Kakhulu umdla heraldry omnyama. Kubonakala ukuba kufuneka isijwili. Noko ke, akunjalo. Black nto badla khona phezu iphaneli Afrika States. Yaye ke, njengoko umthetho, efuzisela abantu abamnyama naliphi na ilizwe.

Kubekwa kwemali

Ngalinye likarhulumente mihla, Kakade ke, imali yabo. Njani na nokonyulwa currency lwamazwe ezahlukeneyo?

A lwemali kazwelonke ethile luboniswa ngumlinganiswa ezizodwa (uphawu). Oku kube isalathisi alphabetic (shunqulelo), i ikhowudi yedijithali okanye emoshakeleyo okhethekileyo. Le miqondiso wabizwayo anegama, ngqo kunye original, akhethe omnye okanye enye imali.

Zemali bafanekiselwa yi kwiimpawu ezithile ngemihla yamandulo. Apha ngezantsi kukho emoshakeleyo edumileyo currency ehlabathini:

• $ - US Dollar (US);
• € - euro (indawo euro);
• ¥ - Yen (saseJapan);
• ₽ - engange (Russian Federation);
• - Rupee (India);
• £ - phawundi omhle (UK);
• ₸ - Tenge (Kazakhstan);
• ₴ - Hryvnia (Ukraine).

Ekuphetheni ...

Omnye wemingeni yejografi yeyona njongo, uphando olunzulu nangokuchanekileyo ithi zehlabathi. Country achaza kwesicwangciso kufuneka iqulathe ezi zinto zilandelayo: indawo wejografi, iimeko zendalo kunye nemithombo, labemi, imali, yolawulo kunye isakhiwo sezopolitiko, uqoqosho, imali, kunye neempawu zesizwe (iflegi, ingubo iingalo umhobe).