Ingxaki yemfundo. Iimpawu zemfundo abafana namantombazana

Ukufundisa umntu oselula inqubo uxanduva ngokwaneleyo kunye nezintsonkothileyo, nto leyo ebandakanya bonke: ootitshala, abazali, uluntu.

Ngawo onke amaxesha, ingxaki imfundo etheni, lizama ukusombulula iingcali, abazali kunye neenkokheli zoluntu, izindululo asakhasayo kunye nemisebenzi yophando.

Kodwa ngoku musa ayifumanekanga isisombululo olunye-stop lokwenyaniso. Ngapha koko, wonke umntwana - ubuntu ngesimilo yayo: abawonwabeleyo okanye ezolile, ukhuthele yaye Ndandingonwabanga, ngoko akunakwenzeka ukuphuhlisa amayeza lokuqeqesha. Uyakwazi ukusebenzisa kuphela imigaqo eqhelekileyo esisiseko ziyasebenza ndlela umntwana ngamnye, iyavumelana iimpawu zayo.

Yini na imfundo

Xa pedagogy mihla zibakhethe inkcazelo ezimbini lwesemantiki wemfundo: ebanzi elimxinwa.

Le mbono "lemfundo" ngokwengqiqo ebanzi luchazwa inkqubo ecwangcisiweyo okunenjongo amanyathelo ngokudibeneyo abazali nootitshala kumacala omabini oluntu, ngokwenyama nangokomoya, khon 'ukuze kuphuhliswe ubuntu, silungele ukuphila kuluntu kunye nokuthabatha inxaxheba kuwo onke amacandelo komsebenzi: zenkcubeko, industrial, uluntu . Ngamanye amazwi, imfundo yomntwana alungiselele ukugqithiswa yamava lwentlalo ababeyiqwebile yasekhaya.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuba umntu silibale ukuba ukuyilwa kunye nophuhliso iimpawu zobuntu iphenjelelwa kakhulu kokusingqongileyo yenkcubeko ezingqongileyo, kunye nokusingqongileyo apho kukho umntu ngaphandle usapho kunye nesikolo.

Le mbono "lemfundo" ngengqiqo emxinwa kuquka uphuhliso phantsi kweliso ootitshala kunye namalungu umlinganiswa usapho, indawo kwindlela yokuziphatha ngentsulungeko kwakunye iimpawu ezintle zokuziphatha zentlalo umntu njengelungu lombutho woluntu.

imfundo elivisayo

Ukususela kwiminyaka elishumi elinanye ukuya elinesibhozo iinguqu ezenzeka emzimbeni yomntwana: kwamadlala ubangela ukukhula emzimbeni. Ngelo xesha Kwangokunjalo unefuthe kurhulumente ngokwasengqondweni nasemphefumlweni abantwana, bakhula up.

Kule nkalo, imfundo elivisayo kakhulu umsebenzi onzima, leyo, ngelishwa, akukho nako ukusingatha konke: kuthatha umonde, ingqalelo kunye nokuqonda ngakwicala bume omdala.

Utshintsho engqondweni yomntwana kaninzi ezi mpawu zilandelayo:

• ubunyani waqonda yi kakhulu kakhulu;
• nezibonelo izithixo entsha, eyakhayo ngaso;
• yokuziphatha ixhomekeke utshintsho rhoqo umntu aziva;
• kwakhiwa izimvo zakhe malunga nemiba eyahlukeneyo;
• kuxhomekeke kwimfundo kunye nokusingqongileyo abaphilayo abonakale kruthu ukuba ulwaphulo-mthetho, iziyobisi, ukunqongophala olungapheliyo wokutya ngenye indlela.

Kodwa imfundo yingxaki enkulu awufumaneki zonke elivisayo, yaye oku kungenxa nje kuphela iimpawu umntwana ngamnye angaphakathi. Kubaluleke kakhulu kule meko ke wemfundo ngaphambi kunye nobudlelwane phakathi kwamalungu osapho.

Ukuba umntwana wanele uthando, imfudumalo lwabazali, inkathalo, Uwole, kodwa ngaxeshanye, abazali musani potokat sivumelane nazo bakhe, ngoko ke umntwana akubonakali ukuba kuvela ingcamango ukwenza umsebenzi lolwaphulo-mthetho, okanye ukulibala.

Kwakhona ludlala indima enkulu yindlela ukuzithemba kunye nabazali lwentando yesininzi ukunxibelelana kunye nosana. Okukhona waba ulwalamano, kokukhona kubonakala ukuba uya kusindiswa kwaye elivisayo ukuba uya kumvumela ukuba babelane ngamava abo kunye nabazali babo.

Ngoko ke, ukuzama ukuphendula umbuzo indlela yokukhulisa elivisayo, asimele silibale ukuba le nkqubo iqala elide phambi kokuba zokuza ubudala le ngxaki. Isiphakamiso jikelele abazali - ukuba abe elivisayo ngomzekelo.

Ukubaluleka kwemfundo yosapho

amaxesha amaninzi abantwana isimo sakhe ukuba abazali ukuba kuwa ngenxa yo-: ukuba nje abazi ukuba benze ntoni elandelayo. Kwaye enye yezi mpawu umntwana wayevele.

Abanye ukuzama ukusombulula le ngxaki ukungxola kunye nezinye neziphumo ezibonakalayo zisetyenziswa. isiphumo kuphela ngokuqhelekileyo zero kukuthi, yaye yonke into iyaphindwa nemeko efanayo.

Unobangela uqhelekileyo le yokuziphatha iingxaki zemfundo usapho, oko kukuthi yokungafani kunye incoherence yezenzo abadala nefuthe ngqo kuphuhliso wosana. Oku ungaboniswa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• kanye ke ukuba wenze into ethile, kwaye eyesibini - yavala;
• ukwehlisa igunya;
• elinye ilungu losapho evumela ithuba sokumema TV (ugqwashule e izadunge, ukutsiba ebhedini, musani ukudla phezulu isidlo, nihlale kude kube sebusuku, njalo njalo), kunye nezinye - akukho.

Kwenzeka kwakhona, ngenxa yokuba ilungu ngalinye lentsapho yakhuliswa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo yaye liqulunqe imigaqo yalo kunye nemithetho.

Ngoko ke, wonk 'umntu uzama ukwenza inkqubo yemfundo ngendlela yaso, ngokobuqu. Akukho mntu ukuchitha imbono ngayo izinto apha, kodwa oko akuthethi kakubi umntwana, kubalulekile ngaphandle ngquzulwano zonke kulungelelanisa izenzo zabo: ukuba baxoxe ngengcamango ukuphuhlisa iindlela eziqhelekileyo, ukuze baxoxe le meko.

Umbutho yenkqubo yemfundo

Kuye kudala singqiniwe ukuba ukuyilwa lomntu lowo ngokomlinganiselo ngqo ulwalamano, kunye nemfundo entsatsheni, leyo isiseko esisiseko bonke ubomi olulandelayo. Kwaye ukuthembeka kunye ngamandla isiseko iya kuxhomekeka sengqondo yomntu ukuya kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo ubomi.

Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukuba ukwakha ubudlelwane ukuze ingxaki ka, ukulahleka yemfundo usapho, isonjululwe ngendlela enoxolo usondeze nempembelelo asezantsi phezu komntwana.

inkqubo yezemfundo ulula Kwathi iintsapho ezinkulu, ukususela ingqalelo lezalamane isasazwa ngokulinganayo, kwaye nangaphezulu efuna abancinane. Kwintsapho enkulu yi lithathelwe yendalo ukunxibelelana nabantu, mabafundise le ukhathalelo kunye nobuhlobo.

Yenziwe ngoobani kunye nesakhiwo usapho zibaluleke kakhulu ukuba umntwana. Akukho ogogo abakwazi indawo umama okanye utata. Ngoko ke, ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kufuneka ihlawulwe kwinkqubo yemfundo ye iintsapho ezinomzali omnye.

Xa umntwana ekwazi le meko, kuba buhlungu, oko masivalwe. Kubalulekile ukukhusela abantwana amabhongo abadala kunye lweemfazwe uzame ukuba akuyo ingqalelo ngakumbi.

imfundo wobuzwe

Kwiminyaka emininzi eyadlulayo, ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo kwakukho buthathaka ingqalelo umsebenzi izwe karhulumente. Ngenxa yoko, ngaphantsi ingqalelo iye ihlawulwe kule ndaba eziguqulweyo, izikolo kunye neeyunivesithi.

Kodwa ngoku le meko, yaye uthandazel 'umbuzo indlela yokukhulisa umntu wokuthand kwakhona abe efanelekileyo.

Le pedagogy izwe uchazwa ixabiso ibalulekileyo, nto leyo ichazwe nje kuphela izinto zembali, yenkcubeko, yomkhosi kweyabo kodwa nje iimpawu yokomoya, yokuziphatha kunye nezentlalo.

Ukuphunyezwa ngokuthanda uhlanga zemfundo igalelo:

• uphando yokulinga ngembali kweminyaka yemfazwe;
• intlangano iimyuziyam zesikolo;
• lokwaluka abantwana ukusebenza amagqala kunye nabanye.

Kodwa ephikisanayo kunye ngaxeshanye ingxaki yemfundo izwe kwabonakala into yokuba ukwenza lo msebenzi kumaziko emfundo musa ukuba iimeko aneleyo kunye namathuba ukuze sibe nokumiliselwa uma oyifunayo.

Oku okwe nje kuphela umbandela kunye nesiseko zobugcisa, kodwa ke nokuhlaziya kwangethuba iincwadi, nothungelwano kunye neentsapho zabo kule miba. Kwakhona nzulu alusekho ziingcali baqeqeshiwe yaye ukufundiswa kakhulu enkulu imiba bobuthandazwe eendaba.

Eyona iingxaki zemfundo

pedagogy Modern iyahlula imfundo ngeentlobo ezine:

1. Ukulawulwa - ingcinezelo icwangcisiweyo yee abantwana abadala okanye abadala isidima, iimpawu kunye phulo. Ngenxa yoko - ukuxhathisa, uloyiko, ukungazithembi kunye low self-ukuzithemba, ukungafuni ukuba enze nantoni na.
2. Non-ukuphazamiseka (yokungenzi) - ukubonelela umntwana inkululeko epheleleyo. ingxaki yemfundo nale ndlela kukuba lukhutshwe iqembu kusapho, seyenze nokungathembani.
3. Zokulolonga - uzele umntwana ngexesha elifanayo kumlinda evela kobunzima. Esebenzisa le ndlela, abazali bakhulisa self-centeredness, ukungabikho ukuzimela, yobulwelwe ekwenziweni kwezigqibo.
4. Intsebenziswano - based on izinto ezifanayo, inkxaso izinto ezidibeneyo. Le style kukhokelela inkululeko, ukulingana, ubunye usapho.

Ngokuqhelekileyo iintsapho wabonisa wengxabano iindlela leyo yeyona ngxaki iphambili yezemfundo. Ukuze nilicombulule, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba kuyimfuneko ukuba usebenzise zonke iintlobo. Kodwa ke ngokuncedisana yabo, hayi ngxabano iza kwenza kube lula ukuba siphephe iingxaki ezininzi.

Indlela abafana

Phantse bonke abazali oonyana ebuza ukuba lukhule njani inkwenkwe indoda ehloniphekile ukhaliphe.

Abantu abaninzi abayiqondi indlela onenkathalo, unyana noyise onothando ebalulekileyo, hayi nje umama. Abantu bavakalelwa ukuba ibe imvakalelo enjalo, kodwa bona ukuphungula uxinzelelo uze uvumele ubuhlobo amalungisa.

Ekwaluphaleni wethu, ezele iziganeko neentlekele, nabantwana namhlanje, ngaphezulu kunakuqala, kufuneka ukunxibelelana nabazali.

Kuba umfana uba kwafuneka ukuba ahambe uTata ukuba epakini ukukhwela ibhayisikile, yenza birdhouse, ukunceda umama, kodwa ngeke wazi ingafunyanwa imisebenzi somnye! Kubalulekile ukuba nako ukunxibelelana isizukulwana abadala. ukuqhubeka olunjalo luya kwenza kube lula ukuba ungadlulisela le isimbo kunye nosapho lwakhe kwixesha elizayo.

Iluncedo kwakhona uphuhliso le nkwenkwe iya kuba iklasi kwezemidlalo okanye kumacandelo abakhenkethi eya komeleza impilo kangaka nje kuphela, hayi, ingakanani umlinganiswa.

ukufundisa kakhulu

Ngoko ke akukho mfihlakalo ukuba iimpawu lemfundo amakhwenkwe kunye namantombazana ezahlukeneyo kancinane, yaye oku enxulumene nje kuphela isini, kodwa neengxaki zobomi.

Girl uzama njani unina, oyintombi umzekelo. Ufunda ukunxibelelana nomyeni wakhe, amadoda kunye nabanye, wenza abanye basebe-, ukuba iindwendwe ukuchitha iiholide kunye nangaphezulu. Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukujonga unina indlela yakhe yokuthetha kunye izenzo.

Kwakhona ezichaphazela imfundo abahlobo, izalamane nezihlobo. Kubalulekile ukugxininisa emehlweni le ntwazana iimpawu ezintle, isidima sabantu kunye nento yokuba umama angathanda ukubona intombi yabo. Yena uya kuzama ukwenza Uyayenza into ekholekileyo nonina.

Kubazali intsha kufuna ingqalelo ekhethekileyo. Ubani kufuneka sizame ukuba bazazi iimfuno intombi yakhe ngelo ubudala kuhle, ukuba ukwazi isangqa abahlobo kunye nezihlobo, xa kwimeko imfuneko bonisa amaphutha yalungiswa uthando. Ukuze wenze oku, unako ukuhlawula ingqalelo amantombazane amaqhawe iincwadi okanye movie.

Kubalulekile kwakhona ukuba yinkosikazi elizayo ikuba bezandla, imisebenzi yasekhaya, ukupheka. Umama wam, akakwazi ukufunda ukukhangela emva kwabo, isimbo kunye incasa ezintweni.

indima ekhethekileyo kwimfundo amantombazana utata, ufanele, ngathi ngumama wam, nika wokungcola kwakhe, kunyikima izandla, Siyavuyisana iiholide, ukuba uncome, kwaye ngaphezulu. Oku kuya konga intombi ikamva ukwesaba izakhiwo zonxibelelwano.

iziseko yeengcingane imfundo

Theory kunye neendlela zemfundo, nangona eyenzelwe ukusombulula ingxaki efanayo, kodwa indlela kule iindlela ezahlukeneyo kakhulu.

Theory of imfundo zahlulwe zibe ngamaqela ezintathu eziphambili (abanye yezabelo yayo):

1. Biogenic. Le ndlela isekelwe kwinto yokuba ubuntu ezi sofuzo kwaye phantse abachatshazelwa lutshintsho.
2. Sociogenic. Ku Kungaphikiswa ukuba kuphela imibandela yezentlalo enefuthe kuphuhliso ubuntu.
3. Zokuziphatha. Bakholelwa ukuba umntu unezakhono kunye nendlela abaziphethe ngayo.

Kuyabonakala ukuba, Akulungile ukuba inyaniso uqulathwe kwenye embindini.

Ubuchule kunye izimbo ngumzali

Kuyo yonke iminyaka ubukho kwingcingane kunye pedagogy bamenywa banezimbo kunye neendlela zemfundo, ethandwa kakhulu sihlolisise.

abantwana zanamhlanje ziziswa phezulu eJapan kwimigaqo sisahlula izihlandlo xesha, nganye iphuhlise isethi elithile iimpawu. bavumelekile ukuya kwiminyaka emihlanu ukuya ngokupheleleyo yonke into, naphezu ekufikeleleni kwelo phakade, ukuya kutsho kwiminyaka elishumi elinesihlanu, umntwana ibekwe-sikhokelo engqongqo, oko kukwaphula losapho lokululeka yoluntu. Ekupheleni kweminyaka elishumi elinesihlanu, umntu uthathwa omdala ngokwaneleyo ukuba banxibelelane ngendlela nolwakho.

Ekubeni gqira zenkulungwane yokugqibela yi hayi nokunciphisa kuthandwa ubuchule Nikitin, abenza uphuhliso ekuqaleni ngokwasemzimbeni kwabantwana njengesiseko Ndakhula ukuvumelana.

Akukho ngaphantsi Valfdorskaya ubuchule ukuba imfundo yabantwana isekelwe kuphuhliso ngokomoya yaye ubugcisa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zendalo kuphela.

indlela lemfundo indlela Glenn Doman kucingelwa ukuba uphuhliso intsana iiresiphi, leyo afundileyo leyo yokuqala. Isiseko yale ndlela uphuhliso kwasekuzalweni. Le nkqubo ifuna abazali ixesha elininzi kunye nengqeqesho, kodwa ekugqibeleni unika iziphumo emangalisayo.

Indlela kwemfundo kaMaria Montessori yenye inkqubo esetyenziswayo ngokubanzi. Le ndlela kukukhuthaza umntwana enze ngokuzimeleyo, ukuhlalutya nokulungisa iimpazamo. Kulo mdlalo, ugqiba ntoni kwaye kangakanani ukwenza, nootitshala indima kukunceda umntwana ukwenza yonke into ngokwakho.

Okungundoqo yonke imiyalelo na isifundo ngendlela kwaye ulandele inkqubo, kunokuba utsibela iindlela ezahlukeneyo.