Liaodong Peninsula e China: inkcazelo, imbali nezithethe. Ummandla Liaodong Peninsula

Liaodong Peninsula yeyethu eTshayina, oko ukwakweli emasimini kumntla-mpuma karhulumente. On nommandla wayo ise kwiphondo Liaoning. Usingasiqithi iye yaba ngumba obalulekileyo ngexesha ungquzulwano zomkhosi phakathi China kunye Japan. Abahlali Liaodong ngokwemveli abandakanyeke imveliso yezolimo, okuloba, sericulture, ukulima, urhwebo kunye netyuwa.

indawo okuyo

emideni yabo Liaodong amanxeba usingasiqithi ukuya amanzi oLwandle Yellow. It ohlamba amanzi iindawo ezimbini - yaseKorea Western kunye Liaodong. Emzantsi-ntshona ukuya kummandla yayo ekufuphi nebheyi Guangdong Peninsula, inxalenye ingqalelo kulo.

incazelo

Ummandla Liaodong Peninsula kumba kakhulu. Kwala lide ilizwe emantla-mpuma ukuya ngasemazantsi-ntshona. Ubude bayo ngumgama oziikhilomitha 225. Ububanzi kwindawo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo na kuluhlu yeekhilomitha 80-130.

South-West Coast ukusuka Guangdong ekuthethwa riasovy. siqithi imane yi amathafa bahambe ezindulini kunye neentaba ephantsi. Endaweni yayo yi Buyunshan entabeni incopho. Imihlaba ke inzala kwimali amahlathi kunye amatyholo.

Inxalenye ilizwe kuhlala emazantsi esixeko enkulu Dalian. I sixeko amathathu emanzini amazibuko: ePort Arthur, Dairen kunye Dalian-van. Zonke umzi, ahlala i Liaodong Peninsula, iphuhlise ngokukhawuleza ukusukela ekupheleni XX ukuya ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane xxi.

Imvelaphi yegama

I-Chinese ukubiza eli gama ndawo Lyaodunbandao. Inxalenye yokuqala igama - "Liaodong" ethatyathwa Liaohe umlambo owawuphuma apho. Embindini igama wabeka igama elithi "tung", bona bubonakala "East". Ngenxa yoko, igama igama ndawo licaciswe ngokuthi "ilizwe ngasempumalanga Liao."

ukukhululeka

Lo mmandla yinxalenye ibhanti omkhulu entabeni. Oku ubukhulu becala ziyilwe lekalika, shale kunye zwi sandstones. Kukho iindawo Zinokuxutywa gneiss kunye abangelwe ihlanganisa. Phantse ngengingqi ezisezantsi zogqunyelelwe. iinduli Low agudle ahlala kumzantsi-ntshona peninsula komhlaba.

Ukususela ntshona ukuya mpuma kwiintaba yolula kummango Qianshan, agalelwa Plateau Changbai, esishiya naseManchuria, kwimida North Korea. Intaba Umfuno ephakeme ibaleka ukufana akhiwa schists bamandulo granites.

izenzakalo esesibhakabhakeni wajika kwiintaba kule ntaba ezibaziweyo emikhulu engaqhelekanga. iincopho Intaba badla fly ukuya ku-1000 seemitha okanye ngaphezulu. Ephakeme kunazo is on Mount Buyun, ukuphakama kwayo - 1130 eemitha.

Isiphelo lasemzantsi flat. Ukuphakama ezintabeni na waqengqela ngenxa amanqaku eemitha 500. Inxalenye yale wobuso igutyungelwe iinduli, efikelela ubude-300. Namawa natyetyiswa ore yentsimbi, negolide, nobhedu kunye Magnesite. Kule ndawo kukho imigodi kunye boron iityuwa.

LaseSamariya Liaodong Peninsula e China ibandakanya inkqubo emlanjeni omkhulu. River, zayo zincopho zininzi, kunkcenkceshela Yalu, tape leyo ijikajike ecaleni mazwe asempuma, Liaohe, eziku ngoku entshona, kunye noLwandle Yellow.

iintili River kunye namathafa nezikhukhula kakhulu elimxinwa. Area yemida ezisezantsi zogqunyelelwe (ngaphandle emazantsi-ntshona kwisiphelo) ezingqingqwa phantsi kwempembelelo kuhla. Emzantsi-mpuma nomntla-ntshona kunxweme eliphantsi ngqo, soma amanzi aphantsi. I-Isthmus of Jinzhou isikwe zokupaka ezimbini. Enkosi kubo, eziphelweni kumzantsi-ntshona ihlukane. Le ndawo kuthiwa ePort Arthur lizwe.

Izilwanyana nezityalo

Amathafa yelungu ukulima. Bakha umbona, amazimba, ingqolowa, umbona, irayisi kunye amazimba. Abemi libandakanywe nokulinywa icuba, yebhalsam, umqhaphu kunye nemifuno. kumasimi iziqhamo aluhlaza ehleli Liaodong Peninsula. Isiko kulinywe iziqhamo apha ubambe engcwele. Uninzi nommandla wayo yahlulwe nemiyezo apile. On amazwe bekhula iidiliya, yeepesika, iiapilkosi kunye namapere.

Kumathambeka ntaba zambethe yehlathi oki kunye amangile. Intaba Oaks, nelamaxandeka podernuvshie wasezintabeni ziye zaba ehlala silkworms zasendle. Abantu bendawo kuqokelela cocoons zabo kwaye ufumana silk zendalo. Kula- liqiniswe iingcongolo ukuba zisetyenziswa amafutha.

Fauna Liaodong osemanzini ngenxa kwimimandla enabantu abaninzi, ukutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi kunye inani eliphezulu komhlaba olinywayo. Liaotung Peninsula imivundla abantu, oonomatse, chipmunks woodchuck, ferrets kunye nezinye izilwanyana laskami uphawu kwezi ezinezinga. Kule ngasentla, kukho amaxhama, kufudukela emahlathini East Manchurian.

iimeko zemozulu

Winter kwi usingasiqithi athambe, ngokungafaniyo engaveza imimandla yomntla-mpuma of China. Rhoqo ngonyaka kukho ewela 500-700 mm yemvula. Oku ngaphezulu Liaohe Valley. -Ezimbini kwezintathu kwabo ukunetha Julayi-Septemba. Ixesha kwezityalo kule ndawo Kuqikelelwa ukuba iintsuku eziyi-200. Nangona kunjalo, kuloo mmandla ekupheleni komzantsi buhlala ukuya kwiintsuku eziyi-220.

indaba

Le ndawo ise ngasempuma Liaohe River, eyaziwa ukususela kumaxesha amandulo. Xa ngeyabo Yingzhou - omnye kwimimandla alishumi ngokwesiqhelo wahlula kummandla China. Le ndawo ebudeni bolawulo qin noHananiya sakhona kwathiwa Liaodong. Nangona usingasiqithi ekule kwimida kumntla-ntshona ukuya sakhona Lyaosi.

nokudliwa

Sino-Japanese War ka 1894-1895. Yaphelela hayi ngokuthanda China. amajoni Japanese woyisa umkhosi yaseTshayina weenqanawa. Xa kokusayina uxolo Shimonoseki e-Aprili 17, 1995 Qing Dynasty yanika i Liaodong Peninsula kunye kwezinye iindawo namanye le yaseJapan.

Noko ke, ekutshintsheni iziganeko khange ivumelane Russia, Germany kunye France. Russian Empire kuthathwa amanyathelo Japanese njengento esisisongelo izinto zabo Far Eastern. Kunye nenkxaso Amanyeneyo, oko ibeka uxinzelelo kwi eJapan, yabuyela China kubamba lizwe ngenxa ka ukuxolelana.

Le nokudliwa ngenkani i Liaodong Peninsula lwaqhutywa ngoNovemba 1895. Kuba ukubuyiselwa komhlaba Iinkwenkwezi Japan wahlawula taels 30 million. Ngenxa yesiphumo nokudliwa i yaseJapan ezilahlekileyo ulawulo ePort Arthur ukuba nje alunakulungela kuzo.

Ukudlulisela Liaodong Wazikrazula USSR

Matshi 27, 1898 isivumelwano Sino-Russian kwi ukuqasha i Liaodong Peninsula satyikitywa. Xa umyalelo yoBukhosi baseRashiya bafuduka amazibuko ice-manzi: Port Arthur kunye Dalian. Kunye kumazibuko kutshintshelwa engqongileyo umhlaba omelene namanzi. EPort Arthur namandla, siwenze ube ikampu yomkhosi.

Ukusuka Harbin ukuya emazantsi-siqithi, nto leyo eyaba eyaziwa ngokuba kummandla Kwantung, wakha South Manchurian Railway. kaloliwe eyayinqumla naseManchuria, wavumela eRashiya ukuphembelela North China, ngaphandle kokunika yaseJapan ithuba ukuqonda iinjongo expansionist ngokuphandle ukuya China. China kunye Russia uvumile ukuba uza kubonelela ngenkxaso efanayo emkhosini, ukuba uhlaselo Japanese kubo okanye Korea.

I-Japanese sishiye akukho izicwangciso ukuthatha phezu ndawo. Eqonda ukuba uBukhosi Russian Kwandile asuswe kubo umyeni, yoyiswa ilizwe, urhulumente waseJapan okuxhokonxileyo i wave entsha kwemikhosi kweli lizwe. Iqembu elibusayo ngokwemveli kuqhutywa inkqubo ndlongondlongo angaphandle, ebiza ukuba isizwe ukuze sisinde irhafu tenaciously linyuke kakhulu.

Uye wathembisa ukuthumela yonke indlela revenge omtsha wamajoni, ngexesha ezimisele ukufumana kwintsimi ezilahlekileyo. NgoMeyi 1904 kwakukho ukugaleleka amajoni Japanese kwi Liaodong Peninsula. Bona lunqamle lona evela emhlabeni nomsinga, kuhlala Dalian port. amajoni Russian kwafuneka baleka. Amajoni lweMedia, oko kwakucingwa, xa ekampini wefilosofi ePort Arthur. I-Japanese yahlasela waba yemboniselo.

Portsmouth Peace Treaty ekwagqitywa ngayo ngo-1905. Ngokutsho isivumelwano soxolo, uBukhosi Russian wanika Liaodong Japan. Phantsi kolawulo naseManchuria yi-Japanese wahlala iminyaka engama-40. Kuphela ngo-1945, imikhosi yaseRashiya kwaye Chinese bagxothwa ziinzame kunye ilizwe Japanese engeka China.

ESoviet Army ushiye naseManchuria ngo-1946, yashiya amajoni kwi Liaodong Peninsula. ESoviet Union kunye China uya kuthatha isigqibo malunga nokusetyenziswa odibeneyo ePort Arthur. Le mvumelwano iya kuhlala isebenza de ukutshintshwa bobunini siqithi e-China, ngoMeyi 1955.