Le wotshi kwi yesicelo i-Spassky Tower: I-Indaba kunye iifoto

World-edumileyo ikloko Spasskaya kwiNqaba Russian Federation of ikomkhulu kwabonakala ixesha elide eyadlulayo, njengoko yafunwa yi mbali, ngo-1404. Noko ke, baye lisekwe okokuqala ngqa hayi kwi yesicelo inqaba, yaye kufutshane Cathedral le Annunciation, ekunene kwinkundla yakomkhulu kwi kanye Vasily Dmitrievich. Igama inkosi owenza kubo, ngonaphakade eyayikrolwe encwadini yeembali ngaloo minyaka: "icebo chasnik - Prince ngokwayo, i-alam esetelwe-abangamaSerb indela uLazaro."

Imbali yesicelo Clock

Igama elithi "Chimes" kunye ulwimi French liguqulelwe ngokuthi "zangoku". Sonke ukususela ebuntwaneni odumileyo yesicelo chimes, impi leyo sisidlo woNyaka oMtsha, zinembali omangalisayo. Bona nenqaba iwotshi, leyo, enkosi iseti kweentsimbi tuned ayikhuphi ethile uncuthu lomculo idabi. Le nqaba clock zihoyi i-Red Square kwaye isango umdla ngaphambili, ngelo onke amaxesha, ngaphandle revolution, njengento engcwele.

Kuphela ngo-1658 Spassky Tower got igama layo, phambi kokuba ngokuba Florovsky wayengomnye iinqaba 20 yesicelo, njengoko kwakhiwa 1491 umzobi yayo Italian kunye umyili Antonio solari. Ngokutsho amaxwebhu zembali, ikloko Spasskaya Tower ziye kufakwa XVI iinkosi weewotshi ngenkulungwane ngaloo nyaka bafumana umvuzo elungileyo kwaye ukwambesa iyadi ezine ngelaphu.

Le wotshi ke uzuze ngokupheleleyo ngo-1585. Isibakala sokuba zabakho ngaphambili, yaye ibonisa omnye ubungqina: kubonakala emasangweni ezintathu yesicelo izakhiwo Tower - Spassky (Florovsky), noBathathu Emnye Imfihlelo - babhaliswa kwi inkonzo "Breviary." Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XVII phezu kweenqaba ezinde yesicelo (ngaphandle Nikolskaya) baba iintente, yaye ngoku le nqaba ezilishumi-Spasskaya waba ukufikelela kubude iimitha 60. Weewotshi ngo-1614 waba Nikifor Nikitin, nguye onoxanduva yokulondolozwa ukulungisa ngexesha indlela mveliso. Siyazi kwakhona ukuba ekulweni le iwotshi, weza lutshabalale ngokupheleleyo, oko bekuthengiswe ngo-1624 ubunzima Spassky Monastery Yaroslavl.

Christopher mechanism Gollueya

Le wotshi ye Spasskaya kwiNqaba yesicelo eMoscow ngelo xesha kakhulu nobu-, ukongeza, bahlupheka kakhulu imililo rhoqo, uze emva koko eMoscow, wamema IsiNgesi weewotshi odumileyo Christopher Gollueya. Wamnceda ngensimbi Russian - Zhdanov, nonyana wakhe, nomzukulwana Alex Shumila. Ngowe-1626, ikloko Spasskaya Tower anyukayo yaphinda yakhiwa ngokutsha Galloway.

artist Russian Bazhenov Ogurtsov ngo-1636 qamba them saseThailand yobukumkani, nto leyo yaba wawo wonke lomculo yokwakha le yesicelo. Iiyure babesebenza ekuvelisweni abalimi Vologda - uyise nonyana Virachevy kunye nokukhokela inkqubo Galloway. Kuba "perechasya" okuphosela Kirillom Samoylovym 13 namankenteza zaphoswa.

Ngelo xesha, imivuzo inkosi IsiNgesi waba engange 64 ngonyaka ngamnye. mechanism Old clock wathengiswa engange-48. Oku kwakubonisa ukuba watchmakers eMoscow wayekuthanda intlonelo enkulu kunye namalungelo, baba bahlawulwa umvuzo omkhulu, kakhulu ngabo baye balandela wotshi nqaba. Kuba abasebenzi, iye ndadala ingxelo eyodwa apho kwakubhalwe ukuba kwi Spasskaya Tower kwakungenakwenzeka ukuba basele, ukudlala amakhadi, ukuthengisa icuba, newayini njalo njalo. D.

iiyure inkcazelo

Ngokutsho ngexesha elinye ixesha, kwaba ikloko isixeko emangalisayo ezenziwe ngentsimbi. Ngenxa yobuhle bayo kunye nesixhobo ke waduma ehlabathini lonke, yaye isandi yazo amanene laviwa iikhilomitha ezingaphezu kwe-10. Mshini lwalupayintiwe oluhlaza. Inxalenye ephambili kumbindi kuluhlu yaqhubeka zokubhala, lo gama kwicala yangaphandle ububanzi 1 imitha, zijikeleziswe. Le wotshi baba Slavic unobumba alfabhethi sobunzima iiyure ezi-3, 400 kg.

Yesicelo Clock lalibalwa emini nasebusuku kubonisiwe amanani Slavic kunye nonobumba (copper ngegolide), kwaye wadlala umculo. Endaweni iintolo kwaba ilanga umqadi elide eziqhotyoshelwe kwinxalenye engentla kwisitupu engundoqo enkulu. Idiski waba zahlulo 17 alinganayo, nto leyo ngenxa owehlayo iphezulu imini ehlotyeni. Mid disk yayigcwele wayesebenzisa oluhlaza, kwaye phezu kuyo saa iinkwenkwezi isilivere negolide ilanga nenyanga imifanekiso. Idayala (enobubanzi of m 5) yaba ezimbini. Enye elibheke yesicelo, omnye waya China Town.

Peter I

Ekupheleni kwezi wotshi ngenkulungwane XVII kwi yesicelo i-Spassky Tower wenza kanye Christopher Gollueem waba yalo ngokupheleleyo, yaye emva koko ngo-1704 ukususela Holland on Sea, Peter I izisa okutsha. Baya kwaziswa ukusuka Arkhangelsk ukuya iinqwelo amathathu, evela kuNondyebo ngalo mba sele inikezelwe ngaphezulu kwe 42,000 Efimkov (ngqekembe zesiliva Western yaseYurophu). lonke eli lizwe ngeli xesha kutshintsho a countdown elinye yonke imihla. Kwiminyaka emithathu kamva, iwotshi enkulu kunye dial iiyure-12 ifakiwe i-Spasskaya Tower. Kwathatha Ekim Garnov kunye abakuqeqesho abambalwa abaye apha naphaya yaye yasungula inkqubo iintsuku ezingama-20.

cap inkosi

Noko ke, emva kwexesha elithile, yaye ezi imilindo ke ezidilikileyo, kwaye emva kokuba umlilo omkhulu ka-1737 kwaye zawa azisalungiseki. Nangona kunjalo, ngeli xesha ikomkhulu yayisele Petersburg, nangenxa ulungiso sasingahlali ungxamile.

Xa wenyuka itrone uCatherine II, waba nomdla chimes yesicelo. Kamva Berlin weewotshi Fatts (ikepusi) iza kuthatha indawo wotshi chimes ngakumbi IsiNgesi, eyafunyanwa kwibhotwe Iinkalo. Phakathi kwiminyaka emithathu, phantsi kobunkokheli bakhe, baya ufake Ivan Polyansky - inkosi Russian, umsebenzi ziya kugqitywa ngo-1770. Ekubeni inkosi engundoqo uphumile phesheya, ngoko oko kuza phezu yesicelo ndamgocagoca ingoma O du lieber Augustin ( «Oh du lieber Augustin"). Oku kunjalo kuphela kwimbali ngaashi, xa wayedlala ingoma amazwe.

amaxesha uNapoleon

Xa kokugxothwa eMoscow, amajoni uNapoleon kaThixo, kwiwotshi Spassky Tower incwadi yesicelo kaThixo ibikade uviwo ngokucokisekileyo, yaye wafumanisa ukuba indlela yabo wotshi ayisebenzi. Ke inkosi Yakov Lebedev ngoFebruwari, ngenyanga ka-1813 wacela ukuba ayilungise imali yabo. Yena wabelwa ukuba kunjalo, kodwa ngaphambi kokuba asayine ukuba usele ukuyirhoxisa ngokupheleleyo indlela yokusebenza. Kunye kweminyaka 2 kamva ngaashi sasibalekela kwakhona, yaye Lebedev wawongwa isihloko wenkosi weewotshi iiyure Spassky.

Emva kwamashumi ambalwa, omnye umzamo ukucoca indlela, ngaphandle ukuyeka nenkqubela chimes, kodwa abaphumeleli. Ke kuncendile ndoyike yi bumabumela abazalwana Butenop. Ngowe-1850 ngaashi wachithwa indlela, omabonakude, iindawo ezidilikileyo endaweni. Ngeli xesha, waphoswa ukhuko entsha, ubunzima wakhe 25. Ngexesha ekwenzeni lo msebenzi inkampani lafumana imali kwi-mali ka-12 000 engange. Ngenxa yoko, ngoMatshi 1852 yonke imisebenzi ziye zagqitywa, kwaye nexesha kuqala chimes phezu kwenqaba waqalisa ukwenza iingoma "Preobrazhensky Matshi" yaye "ezizukileyo uyiNkosi yethu."

iiyure ehlaziyiweyo wasebenza iminyaka engama-25, yaye ngowe-1878 300 engange wazilungisa wathabatha Master W. Freimuth, owaba weewotshi elandelayo yesicelo ezinde. Ekuqaleni, kwafuneka ukuba chimes mayidlalwe njengalowa uthi: "UThixo Gcina i Tsar!" Kodwa ke uMlawuli Nicholas na ukuba enze njalo, enqwenela isandi nawuphi umculo, ngaphandle iculo. Ngowe-1913, ukubuyiselwa ngokupheleleyo-scale lwaqhutywa ukuba isikhumbuzo le Romanov ubukhosi. Abazalwana Company Butenop baqhubeka bekhonza indlela.

revolution

Zeza amaxesha eziprintiweyo Oktobha Revolution, yaye ngowe-1917 idabi enqamlezeneyo ngqo ebusweni kwaye zonakala ngaashi kaHomer. Ngexesha lasehlotyeni ngo-1918, xa eMoscow yaba likomkhulu kwakhona, V. I. Lenin wayalela urhulumente ukuba alungise ngokukhawuleza chimes.

Masters wakhangela ixesha elide, wonke umntu uyoyika, khawuthathe umsebenzi. brand iwotshi Famous (inkampani Khulula kunye Roginskii) bacela ukuba izibalo enkulu, ngelo xesha akakwazanga kunika mbuso lenza. Kwaye ngoko wazilungisa waza wathabatha yesicelo Umkhandi N. I. Berens. Wayeyazi indlela iindlela ezintsonkothileyo, njengoko uyise wasebenza kanye ukuba inkampani ngaphambi kokuba akhonze chimes. Simncede kulo mbandela ekuvunyelwene Cheremnyh artist JM, waba amanqaku alinganayo kwi umculo "Wena wawa lixhoba" yaye "International" ngesicelo inkokeli sabasebenzi.

Uze pendulum entsha eninzi leemitha malunga enye enesiqingatha ubude wadalelwa ndamlinganisela 32 kg. Imisebenzi ukubuyiselwa zagqitywa ngoSeptemba 1918. Emva koko ke Muscovites okokuqala beva isingqi ikloko Spasskaya Tower. Emva kwexesha elithile, ngowe-1932, kwakhona chimes zifuna ukulungiswa. Masters luvelise ubuso esitsha (i ikopi ngqo endala) kunye re-ihonjiswe undi, amanani kunye iintolo kuwo Babehamba-28 eekhilogram, senziwe ngegolide.

Stalin

Xa indlela kukaStalin wazama ukunyenyisa iwotshi obalelwa kuye iculo eSoviet Aleksandrova ubuqambi entsha, kodwa watsho phantsi. Ngowe-1991, kwakhona wayefuna ukwenza lo msebenzi, kodwa kwacaca phandle, oku akuzange ngokwaneleyo ukuba iintsimbi ezintathu. Ngowe-1996, emva kweminyaka 58 tischiny, yesicelo chimes lwengoma wadlala wokunikezelwa Russian uMongameli B. N. Eltsina ( "Patriotic Ingoma" yaye "Uzuko" M. I. Glinki).

Ukubuyiselwa lokugqibela lwaqhutywa ngo-1999, ubukho iinyanga ezintandathu. Arrows ihonjiswe kwakhona, abuyisele yonke senkangeleko endaweni 'Patriotic Ingoma "iwotshi ekugqibeleni saqalisa umhobe wesizwe we-Russian Federation.

Yesicelo Clock: ifoto kunye nomlinganiselo

Iiyure abahlala imigangatho akhethekileyo Spassky Tower: ukusuka 8 ukuya 10. main indlela yabo ibekwe kwigumbi elikhethekileyo kumgangatho 9. Its actuated amatye ezintathu ubunzima ukusuka malunga 160 ukuya 224 kg. indlela Musical ibandakanya isethi iintsimbi (bonke bephela zichazwe isekelwe phezu uluhlu) kunye ebizwa ngokuba yi-itankana software ogama ubukhulu ifikelela kwiimitha ezimbini, oko iyajikeleza kunye ubunzima omkhulu enobunzima ngeekhilogram 200.

izikhonkwane Cylinder actuated intsimbi, ngamnye zalishumi 500 kg. Bells ezibekelwe bucala seshumi. Hi ndlela leyi, omnye wabo uthi ukuba wenza Klavdiy Fremi e Amsterdam ngehlobo lowe-1628.

Nzima ukuthelekelela ubungakanani lonke icebo, kuba nguye kuphela kwisitupu na ububanzi of 6.12 m. Ngoko ke, ubude le ngcaciso amasiba ewotshi kwi Spasskaya Tower? Yaye yintoni le imilinganiso ilixa? Makhe sicinge. Ngokusekelwe yokuba ixabiso layo nayiphi na kwezi zinto kufuneka ingadluli isiqingatha sangqa kwisitupu, umntu kucinga ukuba utolo enkulu iza kuba malunga neemitha ezi-3. A encinane, ngokulandelelanayo, kuya kuba ngaphantsi kancinci. Ngoku makhe nisinga data ezisemthethweni. Ngaloo ndlela, isandla ngomzuzu kwi inqaba clock Spassky ubude ngu 3.27 m, iyure ukuya ngaphantsi kwe-30 cm -. 2,97 m iwotshi mveliso kabini ngemini. Ezinyukayo motor ubunzima, nesibili ngalinye ngokuzuza nobunzima etshe zentsimbi sisinye ukuya ku-200 kg, ubunzima babo zanda ebusika.

Monitoring and nokugcinwa

Yonke imihla, indlela iwotshi ufakwa iimviwo zothintelo kanye ngenyanga - kwiinkcukacha. Ikloko Spasskaya umsebenzi weewotshi kufuneka zingqinwe chronometer kwaye ilawulwa izixhobo ezikhethekileyo. yonke Indlela nisoloko kabini ngeveki, kunye nokusetyenziswa ehlotyeni nasebusika igrisi.

Indlela leli ikloko yesicelo kwi Spasskaya Tower isebenza kakuhle phantse kweminyaka engamashumi amahlanu. Kwi cala ensimbi babhalelwe ukuba wotshi eziguqulelwe abazalwana Butenop eMoscow ngo-1851. Emini kunye ezinzulwini zobusuku Bayikhanda umhobe wesizwe Russian, neziphakathi - "Uzuko".

isiphelo

Abaninzi banomdla lo mbuzo: "Nguwuphi inqaba, ukongeza uMsindisi, ukuba umlindo?" E Moscow yesicelo kodwa chimes, nokuseta iwotshi kwi Grand yesicelo Palace, Emnye kunye Borovitskaya ezinde.

chimes Legendary kwaye umlinganiselo ngaphandle imbali kwilizwe enkulu, baye baba luphawu engundoqo Russian omkhulu nonamandla.