Adenauer uKonrad: iikowuteshini, aphorisms, amazwi, engobomi emfutshane, imigaqo-nkqubo yangaphakathi nangaphandle

Phakathi Abezopolitiko ehlabathini-owaziwayo Ufanele Adenauer uKonrad. Iingxelo kule ndoda ephawulekayo baqalisa iza kwaye zithandwa nanamhlanje. "Bonke bahlala phantsi kwezulu efanayo, kodwa ngomqukumbelo kuzo zonke ezahlukeneyo", - wathi German ex-Chancellor, ukubeka umgudu ophezulu ejoliswe ekudaleni kwinqanaba elitsha yaseJamani.

Indlela eya intloko karhulumente

Njengoko phantse kwiminyaka elishumi elinesihlanu, intloko karhulumente, Adenauer uKonrad wazimisela nelizwe iinjongo ezithile. msebenzi olona ukwala ngokupheleleyo iJamani ubunganga yeklasi lubalaseleyo. Wayefuna ukwenza umyalelo omtsha ngokupheleleyo kwezentlalo, ezisekelwe phezu lokuziphatha zonqulo lamaKristu ukuze axoke. Ngokwembono yakhe, wonke ummi unelungelo lokuthabatha inyathelo ngenxa ithuba ukuze kuphunyezwe iziphumo ezibambekayo na indawo ebomini.

Ngenxa a izigqibo zomgaqo-lizwe uKonrad Adenauer kwizilumko neengqondi ilawulwa ngabo, ngokukhawuleza ifunyanwe kwimiphumo emfazwe iqaqanjiswa lonke ihlabathi.

Emva kokuba igunya ngowe-1949, waba ngelo xesha amava ngokwaneleyo zokuphatha kwimiba ebalulekileyo yesizwe. Ukususela ngowe-1917 wakhonza njengeNkosi USodolophu Cologne, edibanisa kunye imisebenzi usihlalo Prussia Council State. Ukongeza, uphawu yobume balo amandla kuye ukusilela ulawulo lwamaNazi kaHitler. Esi sizathu siphambili ngokushiya izithuba zabo ngowe-1933, xa Tshansela yaseJamani oyinzalelwane National Socialist Party. Wona ngokungakwamkeli inkokeli entsha bulumko bakhe, Adenauer uKonrad abaphikisa uHitler, qinisa ngokukhawuleza.

Utshaba ezingenanceba kolawulo lukaHitler

Enye amatyala inxaxheba lakhe ngqo kangangokuba bamqumbisa lwamaNazi lonke uluntu abaziintloko zezizwe ngezizwe, i yokugqibela isaziso utshaba owayamileyo ye Wesithathu. Ngexesha kuhlelwa lotyelelo yingqonyela e Cologne, apho isikhundla iphezulu kakhulu yobunkokheli zabanjwa Adenauer, wadibana iNtloko of State, uSekela iNkosi Sodolophu. Bembuza wala ukudibana yinkokeli ngummiselo zwilakhe waseJamani, Conrad ithe yakhupha umyalelo ukususa yonke ngeposi lwamaNazi zobumnini, ezifana iiflegi. Le umboniso sengqondo walihesha belibandakanya ingqalelo kakhulu ngononophelo abasemagunyeni. Ukukhangela phambili kancinane, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba uKonrad Adenauer, ogama engobomi luquka ulwazi malunga khomiwile ezimbini amaGestapo ngo-1934 yaye ngo-1944, njengoko umchasi ezingenanceba uHitler waya ixesha imfazwe yonke.

Ukuza ku namandla idealist Christian Adenauer

Emva kokuba elikhulu uzinikele waseJamani, xa ingcinezelo eyenziwa abaxhasi kweenkqubo zolawulo zwilakhe yayekwa, waza wafa isiqaqa, Adenauer, kunye nabaxhasi ngombono wakhe wezopolitiko waliseka Christian Democratic Union, ukuba ixesha elithile kamva, ngowe-1946, i-Ofisi kaMongameli umntu engundoqo yombutho kawonke-wonke. Umgama uhambo enzima kunye ubutyebi namava isikhundla sokuphatha kukhokelele ekubeni kwiminyaka emithathu kamva, Chancellor waseJamani wachongwa namnye ngaphandle Adenauer uKonrad. Iikowuteshini amazwi akhe, ngokufuthi uyakwazi ukuva kumanani anempembelelo zoluntu ixesha, ngenxa yokuba izikhundla zakhe umzekelo obungunaphakade umfuziselo lolawulo geqe.

Nangona authoritarianism nokoma kwesimbo kwikhondo abalikhethayo karhulumente, Tshansela West Jamani wayethandwa yaye kuthandwa engaqhelekanga phakathi kwabantu. Strong-lokuphila kunye nokunganyanzelisi nto, ngokufuthi sokuthandabuza, idealist ngokunzulu zonqulo ngubani Adenauer uKonrad, ngokufutshane edume ngokuthi "imihla yakudala". "Ukuba uKristu uphila namhlanje, ngoko akukho uxolo ngamaxa onke, kungekho themba. Kuphela Uvuko kunika ithemba ngekamva ", - wathi Chancellor German. Oku kuchaza isizathu sokuba zonke izigqibo zakhe ezibalulekileyo yezopolitiko wathabatha, waphulaphula ukholo kunye nesazela.

inkululeko Personal - nkqubo ephambili

Kuthathelwa ingqalelo imigaqo esisiseko lobunkokheli eli lizwe, nto leyo wabhenela ukusetyenziswa uKonrad Adenauer, umgaqo Jamani langaphandle kwi esingundoqo kumazwe asakhasayo oluya kuqoqosho emarikeni. Emva kwemfazwe entsha Yurophu, wathi, ekhangele phambili ukuvela Germany entsha. Ukongeza, i-Chancellor Federal walugqala ukukholelwa ukuba ukwahlulwa karhulumente evela eJamani, eli candelo loqoqosho kuwugcina inkululeko yabemi. Kwimeko uyondelelwano lwee- onke amagunya namalungelo lokulawula ezandleni amaqumrhu karhulumente nosondeza imida umngcipheko ngaphambili, yaye ingcinezelo ngakumbi amathuba ngamnye. Ngaloo Adenauer uKonrad akazange kulawula ngaphandle ungenelelo kwenxenye kuqoqosho kwabaphathi zoluntu, kodwa kwafuneka ukuba uzalisekisa imisebenzi yolawulo enyanzelekileyo.

uzilawula of Germany kunye namanye amazwe

Kunjalo, kuba ixesha elide iJamani ukuthwala umthwalo ityala uzisole ngenxa umonakalo umonakalo zehlabathi ukuya kwamanye amazwe. Ngoko ke, kumda wesangqa engundoqo imigudu Chancellor kwakusekho babushushu zokuhlala sangaphambili kwembambano ngenxa ukupheliswa ezininzi izithintelo akukasekwa lizwe. Ukunceda abantu bayo ukuba baqonde ingqiqo ityala ngenxa yokubandakanyeka kwakhe ikhomishini lwamaNazi mthetho olujoliswe ebantwini, wabanceda yokuba le meko iye yakhula kwi Kwimeko ithembisa ukuba lowo unetyala. Ngcembe phambili imali yobume neAfrika yaseJamani phakathi Koloni naseMpuma Yurophu, elube lufuna iminyaka Adenauer uKonrad.

Aphorisms, amabinzana edumileyo, acaphula yinkokeli German phakathi kwenkulungwane XX, waze wasebenzisa ngoku xa kuthe iiyantlukwano yesizwe okanye udidi. "I baseJamani - loo nto i lithanda nokubandezeleka ukusuka megalomania ... The Prussia - a benemfundo, owaba ukhohliwe umkhulu wakhe ..." - wayedla Adenauer, owathetha ukuba uhlanganiso yaseYurophu. iinzame zakhe ziye lwaqiniswa amatyathanga eFransi, apho ebudeni beMfazwe Yehlabathi II, wakhuthaza umchasi phandle uHitler yonke ku Germany. Ngobunzima ephambili ekumiseleni ubudlelwane waphakamisa ukusayinwa i-Paris Peace iSivumelwano. Njengoko kucwangciswe liSebe Chancellor, kwixa elizayo, abantu baseJamani kwafuneka ukuba babe yinxalenye United States yase Europe, abantu umanyano yaseYurophu ngaphandle imida. Germany njengelungu ngokulinganayo bathelela NATO ngo-1955.

ubudlelwane Germany kunye eSoviet Union ngexesha Chancellor

Enye ingongoma ebalulekileyo apha kwinkcazo lwemiba yomgaqo-nkqubo angaphandle yathathwa yi-Chancellor, lungquzulwano yakhe socialism le qumrhu. Wayekholelwa ukuba totalitarianism njengendlela control inokufumaneka kuphela kumazwe anti-lamaKristu. kwezopolitiko Amandla kunye namanyathelo kakhulu apho ngokuphindaphindiweyo kubhenelwa kwimbali ye-USSR, wabumba Adenauer sengqondo esibi kule meko non-zonqulo.

Ngowe-1955, isiganeko esibalulekileyo kobudlelane phakathi amagunya ezimbini. USSR ezisemthethweni khona i ezimeleyo Federal Republic of Germany, kwavula indlela yokusekwa izivumelwano ozakuzo. Kungekudala, ngenjongo thethana ukukhutshwa malunga 40,000 amabanjwa omkhosi zwilakhe, wafika eMoscow uKonrad Adenauer. biography emfutshane Chancellor kungqina isibakala le kwincoko yakhe phakathi kwakhe kunye Soviet uMphathiswa Foreign Molotov. Ebudeni incoko, iSoviet njengoMphathiswa ngokuphindaphindiweyo wazama ukubathoba Adenauer, kwakhona begxeka iJamani for umonakalo ehlabathini lonke. Yintoni eyabangela Germany wakwazi nokubuza ngokwaneleyo: "Ngubani na isivumelwano lukaHitler ungene, okanye nawe?"

Adenauer ban kwimisebenzi yosongo

Mhlawumbi, akukho nto ayimangalisi kwinto yokuba umntu, kwiNtetho yakhe kukuvalwa Communist Party, waba uKonrad Adenauer. nkqubo Domestic kweli lizwe, olwenziwa yi-Chancellor, yayisekelwe iingenelo afunyenwe ngenxa yokuba ukwahlulwa eJamani ukuya eMpuma West. Ngokwezigqibo necebo lakhe, kuyimfuneko ukuba wokuqala bonke ukumanyanisa abantu zeendidi ezahlukeneyo unqulo, ingakumbi, nobunzima linani kakhulu of amaKatolika namaProtestanti. Beqela Christian Democratic Union, yasekwa kwiminyaka emithathu phambi kokuba umbusi kwisikhundla sokuba yintloko Federal Republic of Germany, Lelona laba yintloko inqaba zopolitiko ezingundoqo ze mveliso kunye neengqondi, ungamandla iphambili zokuqhuba uphuhliso lwezentlalo noqoqosho yaseJamani.

Inkxaso kubantu amaJuda

Kudalwa ngokutsha iimeko ezithandwa kakhulu lamaYuda ahlala eJamani - oku kwakhona isicelo yonke imizamo uKonrad Adenauer. biography emfutshane Chancellor ithetha ekuhambeleni uSirayeli kunye nomnqweno ukugcina ubudlelwane efudumeleyo bezozakuzo kunye nabasemagunyeni basekuhlaleni. Ukuzama ukuba sivale ubuncinane inxalenye omncinane umonakalo emangalisayo ukuba kohlanga yamaYuda kunye Holocaust, intloko Federal Republic of Germany asayina isivumelwano kwi pay izibonelelo yonyaka kuSirayeli kwisixa $ 1.5 yezigidi zezigidi. Ngokuthe ngcembe amanyathelo siqinisekile Adenauer uKonrad ufikelele usukelo: waba nako ukubuyela isesebuqaqawulini bayo bokuqala abantu German. Njengoko njengophawu lwentlonipho kunye kukhunjulwa ndlelantle lokugqibela lishwa i-Chancellor ngo-1967 wafikayo waza uBhen Gurion - umsunguli kaSirayeli.

Le abenzi bemilingo Germany phantsi Chancellor uKonrad Adenauer

Eyona mpumelelo iphambili kwimicimbi yangaphakathi karhulumente, leyo uphumelele uKonrad Adenauer - German Chancellor, ababhali-mbali ingqalelo "ummangaliso kwezoqoqosho". Wenza iinguqu ezinkulu ngokwenene kuwo onke amacandelo eli lizwe kuyitshintshile imeko eJamani kwiqonga lelizwe jikelele. Ke kaloku abahlali "uhlaziyo" kwi iJamani iinzuzo ezifanayo lwentlalo njengoko labemi kwamanye amazwe obuphambili ixesha. Ingqalelo yahlawulwa ukunyamekela abantwana kunye nabo bakhubazekileyo, ukwandisa inkamnkam. uguquko kwezezimali kube nefuthe elihle kuphuhliso kwemveliso mveliso. Ukuqaliswa imali omtsha ( "Deutschmark") kunye nokupheliswa nokulawula kwamaxabiso - uvale enkulu kuphuhliso lwe candelo noqoqosho lweli lizwe.

isiphelo

Ukuba sele womelele ngokwanelisayo advanced kwincopho udumo, uKonrad Adenauer wagqiba kwi yokurhoxa ngokuzithandela Chancellor German ngo-1963. Akukho mbali ukumangala izazinzulu zezopolitiko bayibiza "umyili lezopolitiko". Yena aluphumelelanga ngokua fiasco ixhoba States ukwenza imfundo olutsha ephucukileyo lwentando yesininzi.