Le viscosity yamanzi

Ipropathi yakhe nawuphi na ulwelo, lokubonakala ubuchule layo ukuthintela ukubana simahla okanye ukutshintshwa amasuntswana zayo, uchaza ingqiqo viscosity ye kulwelo. iipropati Physico-eekhemikhali ukubaluleka kwalo kuxhomekeke kwinto yokuba ulwelo ihamba, kukho amandla athile zochuku lwangaphakathi phakathi molekyuli, nto leyo, zifanele bubukho ubukho imikhosi nomtsalane eziphilayo.

Inyaniso yeyoba, e-ulwelo umgama ixabiso phakathi molekyuli incinane kakhulu, kodwa ke ngenxa yokuba ngaphantsi mobile kune, yithi, i zegesi. Ukungena kwezinye umaleko kunokwenzeka kuphela xa kusenziwa ngazo indawo eyanele engamanzi ukungena molecule. Ukuyilwa kwento iseli enjalo liyadla amandla, nto leyo ngokufanelekileyo kunciphisa kunye ukwandisa lobushushu kunye nokunciphisa uxinzelelo vice versa.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kufuneka kuqondwe ukuba ngqongqo mbono yesayensi yale nto ke iye okwangoku isekiwe.

Izikhombisi eziphambili viscosity engamanzi, enze enamandla lomlingani oboznachaemy - μ, nangaphandle kuyo, 'ngumlingani kinematic, zibonakaliswe - ν.

Sokulinganisa onamandla lomlingani unit ngokulula (P) ezisetyenziswa GHS metric leyo ilingana no-1 • x dyne / cm2 = 1 g / cm • x s). Inkqubo Inkqubo metric omxhuzulane le ratio ulinganiswa kgf • s / m2; kwaye SI ixhaphakileyo - e Pa • s kunye. Ungakwazi ukuseta ukuzalana yemathematika ezi ezahlukeneyo kunye nabanye. Oko ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: P 1 imalunga 0,0101 kgf • s / m2, nto leyo ngu 0.1 x Pa • s. Ukongezelela, 1 x kgf • s / m2 = 98,1 n, leyo ilingana 9,81 x Pa • s.

Ngu ifomula: ν = μ / ρ Ungabala kinematic viscosity kolwelo, kwaye iyunithi kwayo Stokes (Cm e CGS system), nto leyo ilingana no-1 cm2 / s. Kwezinye iinkqubo - inkqubo omxhuzulane metric kwaye iyunithi SI isetyenziselwa ukulinganisa le umlinganiselo ilingana no-1 m2 / s, nto leyo 10000 Art.

Imithetho Physical kukuba kunye ukwandisa lobushushu, lo viscosity ulwelo lifinyele. Oku kuxhomekeka of lomlingani olutshintshayo emiselwe equation μ = μ0 • e x a (t-t0), echaza: μ kunye μ0 - engqinelanayo amaxabiso lomlingani kwi anikwe t obushushu kunye t0, yaye - i isalathi ixabiso zigazi emiselwe iimpawu kulwelo ngokwayo, yaye yinto eguqukayo, umzekelo, ngokuba oyile, ubukhulu bayo uluhlu ukusuka 0,025 ukuya 0,035.

Kukho kwakhona uxhomekeke zesi salathisi kunye neemeko lobushushu le. Oku kubaluleke ngakumbi xa kufikwa oyile okanye ezinye izinto zokuthambisa ezisetyenziswa ezahlukeneyo izixhobo zoomatshini, lokubolekwa, oomatshini. Formula oku kuxhomekeka unalo ifomu: νt = ν • x 50 x (50 / t0) n. Lalathe: νt - ixabiso lomlingani kinematic kwi ixabiso kubushushu langoku, ν x 50 - ixabiso 'ngumlingani ka ixabiso lobushushu 50 C, t - ixabiso lobushushu apho kufuneka ukuba amisele ixabiso lomlingani, n - iimpawu uphawu kulwelo, leyo liyaguquka ngokuxhomekeka lobushushu, kwaye ixabiso le x ν 50.

Ixabiso lingaba ibalwe n ngokuchanekileyo ngokwaneleyo, xa sisebenzisa n ifomula = lg ν x 50 + 2.7. Ukuze ukuba ukwenza izibalo kwimeko nganye, ixabiso n, isenza viscosity lokuqala ulwelo kwi-50 C, zishwankathelwe kwitafile ekhethekileyo. Oku ikhawulezisa kakhulu inkqubo ukubala.

Ukongeza, kukho isishwankathelo viscosity na ulwelo, nto leyo ebonakalisa kanye yonke idatha kunye namanani ka zombini imiba obuluqilima kunye kinematic kwiintlobo ezithile lulwelo itafile.

ukuzimisela Lungisa yonke imilinganiselo ziimpawu viscosity fluid unalo ixabiso elikhulu eluncedo, ezizezi eyikhethayo ukwanela ukuqina iindlela ezininzi ukuba nokusetyenziswa kwazo emsebenzini kunye nasekhaya.