Imbali Page yeSibini kweMfazwe Yehlabathi: idabi itanki ka Senno, July 1941

Yiyiphi wathatha indawo Julayi 6-10, 1941 Battle of Senno (Lepel okanye balwe) bahlala engaziwa bobempunde, nangona inani lweetanki ababandakanyekayo kulo phezu ngomlinganiselo simthelekisa Idabi Prokhorovka ngexesha Idabi Kursk. Njengoko kwakunye neminye imisebenzi ye-Red Army kwexesha, lo msebenzi elinye komzamo ongaphumelelanga ukumisa phambili zesiJamani kwi lokuqala inqanaba kweMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic. Ubukhulu becala ngenxa ukungaphumeleli balwe yiSoviet e Belarus sele wahlala episode iphulo zasehlotyeni-ekwindla Ngokufa kunqabile ekhankanywe komsindo ka 1941.

iimeko zokusebenza

Idabi onegazi Senno yaba lilinge lokugqibela oluBomvu Army ukuba balwe iiyunithi vehicles. Emva kokuba imfazwe iphelile imishini lweSizwe, kunye neenzame ngakumbi ukuba athathe inyathelo lutshaba ngo-1941 yaba kwiziseko ukuhlaselwa elihamba. Yaphela kwiveki yesibini ka imfazwe, kwaye amaJamani sele kudlule iikhilomitha 500 - isiqingatha endleleni ukususela emdeni ukuya eMoscow. Xa mpi yaqala phantsi Senno, ekhubekisayo olungathethekiyo Wehrmacht yayisele washukumisa umgca kudweliso Vitebsk kunye Orsha.

Umyalelo aphezulu umkhosi waseJamani ukusuka kanye ekuqaleni kwicandelo engundoqo akhethwe baseMpuma Front njengoko imiyalelo ugwayimbo iphambili eSoviet Union. eziku khona Army Group "Centre" - "South" yaye "North" ezinye iimpawu kuyo ngaphezu amanye amaqela amabini zidityanisiwe. iiyunithi German imishini wayebunjwa amaqela kwitanki we2-3 - zonke onazo zawo 7 no-9 amaqela vehicles ezinenjini.

Loo ihlasele isikali kunokwenzeka ukuphumeza bume ekubikeni nemikhosi Soviet. Iinxalenye Western Front ngokwenene ngokukhawuleza batyumke. Ngu Julayi 3 amaJamani batyumkileyo kucebisa yokugqibela yokunganyangeki elungelelanisiweyo. ilahleko Soviet baba omkhulu - malunga esithathwini-ababini unxulumano ngaphambili. Indlela yokuphuma 'kwibhoyila "uqhekeko wahlala 1 - 2 amawaka abantu. zonke kwezikhali esindayo ukuba ilahlekile (moya, amatanki, zokudubula). Ukujula ndlela ngqo endleleni. Front Umyalelo le ukusilela wabanjwa kwaye wadubula (kubandakanywa Jikelele nguDmitry Pavlov). Kwiimeko ezinjalo, yaye idabi yaqala phantsi Senno. 1941 yayingunyaka kakhulu eyoyikekayo imfazwe, kwaye uceba a counteroffensive uthembisa ukuba akukho ngaphantsi kakhulu ngeendleko ngokombono wabantu kunokuba iinzame ezidlulileyo ukunqanda kwangaphambili yiJamani.

plan balwe

Ingcamango Lepel balwe yaba ukuhlasela phezu units itanki ye Wehrmacht phambi kwabo baba ukuba bajoyine iiyunithi elihamba, ezisusela Minsk. Esi sicwangciso iyahambelana omnye imigaqo engundoqo emkhosini - smash utshaba ziingceba. Ukongeza, amava kwiiveki zokuqala ezimbini ngxabano kunye amaJamani wabonisa ukuba chain yoqhekeko nomkhosi olwa isifo itanki alufanelekanga kakhulu. Ngoko, kubonakala kusengqiqweni ukuba ugwayimbo pre-kwinjongp kwi imikhosi Wehrmacht ungqengqe. Yaba ababefanele okanye ababefuneka ukuba ngokwemiqathango ye-qhinga dabi Senno.

July 1941 wayengekho yayi ngamaxesha ukwenzela counter uxambuliswano kule ngingqi. Uninzi imikhosi yaseJamani akazange ukuya ngasempumalanga kumntla-mpuma - kwephiko Wehrmacht wafuna ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukuze akhawulezise lo Dvina Koloni. In the band kuwabetha eSoviet baba ezimbini kuphela maqela utshaba (17 7 Panzer), nangona aba amandla ukuloyisa.

Ngomhla obandulela yedabi

Ngokuhlwa we-4 Julayi Semyon Timoshenko (ngubani kule mini injengele Front Kapa), kunye Leo Herman Malandin Mehlis uvume umyalelo ukuba lo msebenzi ukulungiselela balwe bejonge siqithi kunye Senno. Isiphelo kwinqanaba lohlaselo olwalubekwe Lepel, awamnika igama yokusebenza. Noko ke, phezu Isibali kucwangciso kwisigaba yesikhokelo Western Front ukuba wenze impazamo enkulu. Ku ngokuphosakeleyo kuhlolwe izakhono utshaba wabonisa ngokucacileyo kwemfazwe Senno. Iifoto ukusuka kumbindi edabini ngaloo msebenzi beziphantse ukumka, kodwa ilahleko omnye kuqondwe ukuba iikhompawundi ze-Red Army ayiphumelelanga umsebenzi wayo.

, Yitsho of the Western Front khawulezani kunye lombutho counter-ukuhlaselwa nayo ngokuba ixesha ukusebenza ngenxa yotshaba. Emva kweveki, izahlulo nomkhosi waseJamani, ephelisa okusingqongileyo Minsk kunye Bialystok "boilers" ziye kufutshane edabini. Kulo mzekelo, ukulingana kwamandla itshintshile cardinally. Suku ngalunye i-Red Army elikuso kwindawo nzima, kwaye kukho ukulibaziseka iiyure nokuba ambalwa exabisa ibiza kakhulu.

Ukulungele ukuba abakhusele kolo 7 imishini lweSizwe, owawukhokelwa Vinogradov wafudukela ngasentshonalanga Moscow Military District, omnye-24 Juni. Machine enamavili hit endleleni phantsi amandla ayo, yaye kulandelelwa izithuthi lolayisho kumaqonga kaloliwe. Endleleni imishini Corps wafumana neengxaki ezininzi ezintsha, njengoko imeko e Belarus utshintsha ngokukhawuleza kakhulu.

Ibhalansi ye imikhosi

German 7 Panzer Division wayehluke kunqabile ukuba isakhiwo enjalo bokwakha. Kwakugcwele ithathele 4. Inani kwamatanki yaba ingxelo lonke Eastern Front - 265 yokulwa iiyunithi, apho iiveki ezimbini ekulweni 25 balahleka. Nangona kunjalo, eSoviet 7 imishini lweSizwe ziquka iimoto ngokuphindwe kabini abaninzi.

Inkoliso yale paka nokwahlula German bezibandakanya imifuziselo Czech "Skoda" imveliso 1938. Ezi iitanki ayisindi waba 37 mm umpu eziqokelelwe kunye rivet kunye iibholiti lwezindlu. Xa undibetha lutshaba iqokobhe, ezi zinto beza kwaye kwenzakale aba belungu bayehluthe kubo. Ngoko ngokuba "Skoda" ummangaliso zobugcisa nzima kakhulu. Ukongeza ke kusakhanya PZ-II. ngezikhali zabo encinane kunaso 20 mm. Iinxalenye Soviet langoku HF ne T-34. Ukucacisa ukuvumela nabo yezulu ne ngentla German imodeli sokuthomalalisa le paki yonke, ngokukhawulezisa ilahleko ubuncinane. Yiyo le mpi mfanekiso lakhe babonisa igcisa UNikolai Nazarchuk. "Battle of Senno" igcisa Belarusian waba ngomnye imifanekiso ezininzi selo edabini.

Zokudubula kunye nomkhosi

Le kwamatanki izigaba Itanki baba "indawo ngomkhonto", kodwa nayiphi ukuyilwa ezifana kwi "Flagstaff" - nomkhosi kunye zokudubula. Yayinjani imeko izahlulo zazo izahlulo German? Zokudubula butho yayiquka 36 imipu - ikakhulu howitzers kunye ngemipu ezimbalwa. kakhulu athobekile ngaphezu Amaqumrhu Ezi zibalo. La maqela mabini Itanki baba phantse ikhulu imipu. Ngokufanayo, lo kwakuzalwa elihamba: 15 nomkhosi ithathele ye-Red Army ngokuchasene Wehrmacht kwi-4.

Kummandla elivela kuzo imishini Corps yiSoviet inzuzo 7 ngamanani yaba buhlanti-mbini, lo gama i-5 imishini Corps of izihlandlo ezisixhenxe anesibhozo. Inani elikhulu lamatanki kamva yaba ithuba zokuthelekisa Idabi Senno Prokhorovsky idabi odumileyo ngexesha Battle of Kursk ngo-1943.

5th imishini Corps waba kubume zabo unique - ezimbini butho zokudubula ezongezelelweyo zaye incamathele kuyo. La malungu zongezwa kubasebenzi reserve of the Western Front. Kwakhona ngokuba isakhiwo-sithwele zokudubula butho. Into ebalulekileyo kula maqela yaba ubukho bemipu enzima-howitzer-122 mm-152 mm ukuvuleka. Zidalwa kuphela zemathematika, kodwa ukongama esemgangathweni phezu utshaba zokudubula.

Battle of Senno ugqibele sele oluikhawuleza kakhulu, ukuba amaJamani ndozishiyela Borisov nomkhosi wakhe ezimbini njini nomkhosi, nomkhosi itanki kunye nomkhosi antitank. Ezi iziqwenga basala lelokugada kwibhulorho ngobuchule ebalulekileyo Berezina. Ezi units phantsi Senno kuphela ngoJulayi 7, ukunciphisa ukongama ngamanani 5 imishini Corps kabini.

qala counter

NgoJulayi 5, 1941 waqala amalungiselelo kwemfazwe Senno. 14 Panzer Division kunye 7 imishini Corps wenza uhambo iikhilomitha ezingama-40-yemizi indawo soqupho ye eyenzelwe counter-hlaselo. Le ndawo Ostrovno - Gnezdilovichi - SVETOGOR ngeekhilomitha ezili-10 kwimpuma Chernogostnitsa River. Enye Panzer Division 18 ukuba ngandlel libaziseko. Semini ngosuku olulandelayo, kodwa wagxila macala omabini omlambo Obolyanka. 5th imishini Corps wamisa kwisithili Orsha.

Julayi 6 Battle of Senno wangena lusanda esebenzayo. 14 Panzer iiyunithi ezimbini (kubandakanywa zonke iinkampani lamatanki kunye nomkhosi nomkhosi) kwasekwa. Ezi zinto baye bazama ukunyanzela Chernogostnitsu, uhlale ecaleni lasentshonalanga lomlambo. Enye Iyunithi yalawula eneneni iyigcine bridgehead ezincinane Sarraut echibini. Ngeli xesha, imikhosi ye Panzer kwiCandelo 18 zafikelela kummandla ongaphandle olusempuma Senno kwaye kukho wangena edabini nzima kunye amaJamani. Ngokuhlwa, utshaba aqhutyelwe bephuma kuwo umzi. Kweli candelo ngaphambili, imikhosi yaseSoviet waya phezu ukuzithethelela. Yaba impumelelo yazo kuphela ngexesha lo msebenzi.

ukuphazamiseka kwezicwangciso

Julayi 7 itanki Idabi laqhuba phantsi Senno. Zonke kubusuku obudlulileyo ngamajoni yiSoviet ekudibaneni ukulungiselela Chernogostnitse. Ngomhla kusasa Panzer kwiCandelo 14 bafudukela ukuba ibhanki ntshona iqhosha lomlambo. Promotion yezabelo emva km 4. Iitanki senze imikhosi eziyintloko Panzer Division-7. Connection eSoviet ubunzima ilahleko enzima lihambe liye kunxweme yokuqala empumalanga. Emva koko babuyela Insular donsa ngobungxamo inxalenye yayo eziphathekayo.

Ngelo xesha, amaJamani lasungula elibi ngasentla kwi Senno, apho elikhuselayo 18 Panzer Division. Red Army washiya isixeko emini ngoJulayi 8. Ngeli xesha, i-5 imishini Corps wayonwabile nempi enkulu kunye iitanki lutshaba, kweekhilomitha ezingama-20 kumazantsi Senno. Wakwazi ukwaphula ikholam waseJamani, kodwa ukuba balwe ezilandelayo wayibuyisela imeko.

Julayi 9 14 and 18 Panzer Division waya esikunxweme lwempuma Obolyanka. AmaJamani wathimba Senno waqalisa ukuya phambili ukuya yemoto ku ESmolensk. 10 iiyunithi kwangaphambili wangena Oboltsy. Emini, amaJamani wegqitha iikhilomitha ezingama-40, wafika emendweni, iikhilomitha ezingama-30 ngakwintshona Orsha. ESoviet 5th imishini lweSizwe ndandijongene isisongelo encirclement ngokupheleleyo. umyalelo wakhe wagqiba ekubeni siphumele, njengoko wenza iintsalela iyantlukwano vehicles.

Iziphumo kunye izizathu zokusilela

Ngoko ke, le mfazwe itanki e Senno ngenxa nomkhosi weza nto. Abantu abazange aphumeze nayiphi na imisebenzi yabo. Ayikwazanga ukuya indlela niyinike Lepel. Ngokwesi sicwangciso kuvuthelwa engundoqo isicelo ephangweni ka Polotsk iqela eJamani, kodwa esingasingisi naziphi na iilahleko - de ngokulula ekufikelelwa kuyo. Ngokuba veki epheleleyo umlo iye yalahleka-70% ezi zixhobo. Yokutyiwa yoqhekeko itanki ezilahlekileyo amandla zabo zokulwa yaye kamva waqhubeka kuqengqeleka ukuya ngasempumalanga, bada ekugqibeleni engena 'imbiza' kufuphi ESmolensk.

Yintoni isizathu sokuba le ukusilela? July 17, 1914 kufutshane kwilali Liozno e Vitebsk umbanjwa sathathwa sombutho yokuqala Yakov Dzhugashvili - unyana ka Iosifa Stalina. Ebudeni ngemibuzo, wakhalaza ngohlaselo umoya eyoyikekayo Junkers German. Le mbono efanayo wakhuthaza kwiingxelo yeenjengele eMoscow. Kamva yafudukela historiography eSoviet kwaye kudala ingqalelo inyaniso lecebo. Esona sizathu siphambili sokuba oko kulahlekileyo kwedabi Senno, destructional ingqalelo kwaye lweenqwelo ikuyo German, ukususela kusasa kwada ebusuku kwaye lathatha valivshuyu zibhubhisa Olubomvu Army.

Noko ke, inyaniso waba nelunzima kakhulu uninzi lwawo. Oko kwabuchaphazela ekungakwazini yabaphathi eyaphumela nokuseka unxibelelwano phakathi kwamaqela awohlukeneyo. Ukongeza, i-Red Army nje akazange abe amava ekuqhubeni imisebenzi ezinkulu-obungaka, lo gama i-Wehrmacht weza eSoviet Union, ukuba baye uloyiso ezininzi eYurophu. Konke oku kwenza noludumileyo engento lwamanani kunye nobulunga amabutho Soviet.

isakhiwo umyalelo uMbuso phantsi emva zocindezelo kutshanje. Uninzi umkhosi onamava, elidlulileyo kuquka War Civil, wadutyulwa phantsi okanye ehleli kule nkampu. Oku kuchaphazela indlela kwempi yi Senno. Imiphumo yokuthabatheka kunye nezigqibo ezimbi kwinqanaba lokuqala imfazwe zazibonakala ezahlukeneyo yeentsilelo kwi-Western Front. Le meko iye alaqhenqetha kuphela Lepel counter-ukuhlasela, kodwa yonke 1941 campaign.

ukulahlekelwa

Ngokwecandelo ilahleko kwemfazwe Senno ngo-1941 obabulingana olinganise imifuziselo imfazwe. AmaJamani walahlekelwa malunga 1 wabulala 4 balimala (ilahleko iyonke yaba bantu 468). It walahleka malunga iiyunithi 50 yezixhobo (amatanki). Ilahleko inkulu kwenzeka wayesilwa 5 imishini Corps Senno malunga 7 - 9 Julayi.

Onke amanye amanani abo amajoni Soviet. 5 yaye 7 imishini lweSizwe yalahlekelwa phantse yonke kwamatanki zayo (a lilonke leeyunithi ezingaphezulu kwama-1000, nto leyo malunga 20 amaxesha ngaphezu koko yotshaba). Nanamhlanje, ababhali-mbali ngqo ayiphumelelanga ukufumana ukuba kwenzeke ntoni loo buciko. Amanani, leyo yeyela iingxelo umyalelo Red Army wayedla akazange kunxibelelana ubunyani, yaye ngenxa yoko ke akanako azezi data German.

Noko ke, siyazi nje ukuba xa zigqityiwe itanki idabi Senno 1941, i transport Division 18 apho omnye matanki 220, 14 ayikho - amatanki ostalos14, 13 5 amatanki ka 393. Ngelo xesha, ukuba ngcono imeko kunye neemoto. Umzekelo, iCandelo 14 ekhohlo iimoto 34 no 475 iimoto kwempahla, kwakunye 56 benzotsistern.

Iingxelo Facts

ukulahleka Personal imikhosi Soviet, njengoko kwimeko German, ngokuthobela ngokupheleleyo olinganise iphosakeleyo waseUSSR, 1941. Umzekelo, ngokweengxelo zaseburhulumenteni ngexesha leso 14-Panzer Division wababulala abantu 193, owenzakeleyo 359, yaye abangaphezu kwe-3 amawaka abantu ingxelo elishiyiweyo. Nangona kunjalo, la manani athandabuzekayo namhlanje. Ziphikisana isibakala sokuba ngoJulayi 25, webutho, yambethe iingalo 552 kuphela ezincinane (afohlela), kanti eyoku kwingxelo ngaphandle wemvula kwi ezintlwini wayeza kuhlala abantu abangaphezu kwama-5 amawaka.

umsantsa omkhulu phakathi nomnqweno ukukhokela ezakhiwe kungachazwa izibakala kunye iingxelo Fihla kwaye retouch iintsilelo zabo phambi kwabasemagunyeni. Xa lokuqala imfazwe amabali anjalo nezolo. Akuzange ngaphandle, nedabi Senno. Le iilahleko Red Army kunye Wehrmacht na cala incommensurable, kwaye eli nani ubonisa kakhulu ngokucacileyo sisihelegu kweMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic.