Layisha itafile ngokubuka cross-candelo: Ukukhetha, yokubala

Ukhetho oluchanekileyo lwe-kwicandelo zomnqamlezo ingcingo ixhomekeke intuthuzelo kunye nokhuseleko kwikhaya. Xa ukulayisha umqhubi ebilayo kunye yokugquma inokuba oplavitsya, ebangela umlilo okanye circuit elifutshane. Kodwa ke cross-candelo ngaphezu kuyimfuneko ukuba engeluncedo lwanto, njengoko ixabiso ukunyuka intambo.

Ngokubanzi, kuxhomekeke kwinani abathengi, ngokuthi kuqala ukuqinisekisa amandla iyonke esetyenzisiweyo tyaba, yaye emva koko phinda isiphumo ngu-0.75. Le theyibhile EMP lisetyenziswa imithwalo phezu icandelo umnqamlezo le ntambo. Njengoko kungaba lula kumiselwa umqhubi ububanzi, leyo ixhomekeke eziphathekayo abapasa yangoku. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iingcingo zekopolo zisetyenziswa.

I-Icandelo umnqamlezo izinikezeli cable kufuneka ziyangqamana ngqo kubalwa - kwicala yokwandisa uluhlu ubungakanani eqhelekileyo. Kuyingozi kakhulu xa lisezantsi kakhulu. Emva koko ke umqhubi rhoqo nge welding, nokuzinxwema ngokukhawuleza lutshitshe. Kwaye ukuba ufake i umaphuli wesekethe ofanelekileyo, ngoko kuya kuba umsebenzi rhoqo.

Xa kuma icandelo le-wire, oko kuyingozi ngakumbi. Nangona a reserve ethile kuyimfuneko kuba kwixesha elizayo, njengoko umthetho, kuyimfuneko ukuba ukuqhagamshela izixhobo ezitsha. Oku kuyacetyiswa ukuba kusetyenziswe ngumba ukhuseleko 1.5.

Ukubalwa amandla iyonke

Iyonke amandla input uwela input engundoqo paha swi, nasemveni branched ibe umgca:

• ukukhanyisa;
• iqela kugesi;
• izixhobo ezahlukeneyo enkulu.

Ngoko ke, umnqamlezo-inginginya yoluntu intambo - emnyango. On imigca ukuphambukisa lifinyele, kuxhomekeka umthwalo. Kwindawo yokuqala, sizimisele ngamandla lilonke yonke imithwalo. Asinto nzima, njengoko amabutho zombane ekhaya kunye zokundwendwela bona echongiweyo.

Onke amaziko zongezwa. izibalo kunye kwisekethe nganye efanayo zaveliswa. Iingcali ukucebisa phinda isixa ngu ukuhla ngumba we 0.75. Oku kungenxa yokuba lo gama zonke izixhobo kwi womnatha azifakwanga. Abanye wosondeza khetha icandelo elimlinganiselo enkulu. Ngenxa yoko, ilungiselelo zokugunyaziswa elandelayo izixhobo ezongezelelweyo zombane, leyo zingathengwa kwixesha elizayo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba olu guqulelo lwe ukubalwa intambo inokuthenjwa.

Indlela ukufumanisa ubukhulu wire?

Kuzo zonke izibalo iyavela candelo le ntambo. Ububanzi ukuchaza kube lula ukuba usebenzisa ifomula:

• S = π D² / 4;
• D = √ (4 × S / π).

Apho π = 3,14.

Ucingo ongundoqo kuyimfuneko kuqala ukubala isixa ukulibaziseka (N). Ke ubudeki elilinganisiweyo (D) Kolunye kuzo, emva koko indawo yecandelo uzimisele:

S = N × D² / 1,27.

iingcingo balahleke asetyenziswa apho kufuneka bhetyebhetye. abaqhubi zitshiphu okuqinileyo ezisetyenziswa kufakelo umile.

Indlela ukukhetha Intambo amandla?

Ukuze kuthabatha iintambo, sebenzisa itafile umthwalo intambo cross-candelo:

• Ukuba umgca open-kwamnika 220, yaye amandla bungama-4 kW, ithinjiwe ngobhedu icandelo umbexeshi 1.5 mm². Le ubukhulu uqobo isetyenziselwa nokufakelwa ukukhanyisa.
• Ngamandla ka-6 kW Umqhubi kufuneka cross-icandelo elikhulu - mm² 2.5. Le cingo lisetyenziswa iziseko, leyo ukuqhagamshela izixhobo.
• 10 kW ufuna kweentambo ukuya mm² 6. Ngokuqhelekileyo, yenzelwe ukuba ekhitshini, apho isitofu iqhagamshele. Wayesondela umthwalo enjalo kwenziwa kwilayini eyahlulweyo.

Yeyiphi cable ngcono?

Ngogesi kakuhle eyaziwa German NUM brand intambo-ofisi kunye nendawo zokuhlala. Ngo-Russia, i-brand akhululwe iintambo ukuba iimpawu apha ngezantsi, nangona babe igama elifanayo. Bangakwazi yohlulwe sizizifanya ze umchiza kwisithuba phakathi abaqhubi okanye ukungabikho.

Le ucingo multiwire monolithic alahlwayo. engundoqo nganye kwakunye PVC ephinyaphinyelayo lonke zigqunyiwe ngaphandle, apho lokufaka yenziwe therebetween nonflammable:

• Ngenxa yoko, le ntambo NUM isetyenziswa endlini njengoko ubushushu kwisitrato wamginya kwelanga.
• Kwaye njengoko zikagesi lwangaphakathi nolwangaphandle lisetyenziswa cable VVG kwibakala. Kutshiphu kwaye ithembekile ngokwaneleyo. Kuba Ndibeka emhlabeni oko kunconywa.
• VVG wire brand yenziwa tyaba kwaye ngeenxa zonke. Lokufaka phakathi umphakathi ingafakwa.
• Cable VVGng-P-LS yenza ne iqokobhe engaphandle leyo akaxhasi komlilo. Le umphakathi ezenziwe ngeenxa kwicandelo 16 mm² nangaphezulu - candelo.
• Brand iintambo PV wenza SHVVP esithubeni kwaye ubukhulu becala kusetyenziswa ukudibanisa zombane ekhaya. Idla isetyenziswe kweentambo zombane ekhaya. abaqhubi Ngaphandle balahleke akukhuthazwa ngenxa umhlwa. Ngaphezu koko, lo ezisongwayo xa ugoba iintanda kwiqondo lobushushu eliphantsi.
• Esitratweni ngezantsi nokufakelwa komhlaba kunye neengcingo vehicles abanganyangekiyo ukufuma kunye AVBShv VBShv. Zempi ezenziwe iibhanti ezimbini ziintsimbi, nto leyo eyandisa ukuthembeka intambo kwaye yenza kube ukumelana noxinzelelo ngoomatshini.

Guquka umbane

Isiphumo oluchanekileyo ngakumbi unikwa intambo cross amandla icandelo ukubala kwaye ngoku, apho zejometri parameters enxulumene yombane.

Kuba nokufakelwa indlu kufuneka ithathele ingqalelo kuphela umthwalo resistive, kodwa izidubuli. Le ngamandla ngoku umiselwa ifomula:

I = P / (U ∙ cosφ ).

Yenza izidubuli umthwalo ezijiko yesibane Motors ze izixhobo zombane (iifriji, bokutshayela, izixhobo ezisebenza ngombane kunye nabanye.).

Umzekelo ukubala intambo cross-section of current

Makhe sibone ukuba njani, ukuba kuyimfuneko ukumisela umnqamlezo-candelo cable ubhedu ukudibanisa zonke izixhobo zombane ekhaya umthamo lilonke oomatshini 25 kW kunye ontlantlu-ntathu ukuya 10 kW. Le uxhulumaniso lusenziwa iintambo-core ezintlanu babekwa emhlabeni. Basenzela ukudla ekhaya evela uthungelwano ontlantlu-ntathu.

Ngenxa yecandelo lovukelo, izixhobo zombane zasekhaya amandla kunye nezixhobo iya kuba:

• P _ubomi. = 25 / 0.7 = 35.7 kW;
• P _ISityhi. = 10 / 0.7 = 14.3 kW.

Ikhethwa zangoku kwi yokufaka:

• I _ubomi. = 35,7 × 1000/220 = 162 A;
• I _ISityhi. = 14,3 × 1000/380 = 38 A.

Ukuba imithwalo single-isigaba asasazwa ngokulinganayo ngaphezulu ngezigaba ezithathu, omnye kuya kufuneka ukuba uthethe:

I _Q = 162/3 = 54 A.

isigaba nganye iya kuba umthwalo yangoku:

I _p = 54 + 38 = 92 A.

Zonke izixhobo ngexesha elinye ngeke isebenze. imajini Nicinga ukuba kwisigaba lwangoku ngamnye kufuneka:

I _f = 92 × 0,75 × 1,5 = 103,5 A.

Iintambo ezintlanu Umqhubi zithathelwa ingqalelo kuphela izinikezeli isigaba. Ngokubuka babekwa emhlabeni, ngaba sizimisele ukuba kweyangoku i 103,5 A cross yecandelo 16 mm² (Umthwalo itafile ngokubuka umnqamlezo-section).

Adjusted yokubala kul konga imali kuba ifuna ezincinane cross-candelo. Xa ubalo rough intambo lwamandla, umqhubi cross-candelo mm²-25, nto leyo iya kubiza imali eninzi kakhulu.

Ukuhla ombane kwi le ntambo

Izinikezeli babe ukumelana, ekufuneka ingqalelo. Oku kubaluleke ngokukhethekileyo ukuba ubude intambo enkulu okanye ayo emnqamlezweni-candelo. Joyous celebration nemigangatho yi apho ukuhla ombane kwi intambo kufuneka ingadluli-5%. Ukubala kwenziwa ngale ndlela ilandelayo.

1. ukumelana Wazimisela umqhubi: R = 2 × (ρ × L) / S .
2. Ingaba ukuhla ombane: U _pad. = I × R. Ngokunxulumene kwipesenti yomgama iya kuba: _U% = (U _pad / U _{lin ..)} × 100.

Xa iifomyula, le notation:

• ρ - resistivity × Ohm mm² / m;
• S - ezintlanganweni somhlathi indawo mm².

Umba we-2 libonisa ukuba langoku eziphuma imisonto emibini.

Umzekelo yokubala yokwehla cable ombane

Umzekelo, kubalulekile ukubala nethontsi ombane lonke icandelo umqhubi ethwele 2.5 mm², ubude ka-20 m. Kuyimfuneko ukudibanisa ukuwelda sombane 7 kW.

• ukumelana wire ngu: R = 2 (0,0175 × 20) / 2,5 = 0,28 ohms.
• Le ngamandla ngoku umqhubi: I = 7000/220 = 31,8 A.
• Ukuhla ombane kwi zithwele: U _pad. = 31,8 × 0,28 = 8,9 V.
• Ipesenti ukuhla ombane: _U% = (8,9 / 220) × 100 = 4.1%.

Siphethe efanelekileyo ukuwelda lika ukusebenza imithetho iimfuno zombane njengepesenti ukuwa phezu kwayo ombane phakathi kwemida eqhelekileyo. Noko ke, ixabiso layo kukukhokela unikezelo mkhulu, oku kunokukuchaphazela kakubi inkqubo welding. Apha kuyimfuneko ukuhlola komda omncinci avumelekile ombane ukuba umatshini welding.

isiphelo

Ukuze ngokuthembekileyo ukukhusela iintambo ukuba nobushushu ngexesha elide nomsinga rated, intambo cross-section ibalwa imisinga yokwakha oluqhubekayo. Ukubalwa kuba lula ukuba itshati umthwalo isicelo kwi intambo cross-candelo. Isiphumo oluchanekileyo ngakumbi ifunyenwe ukuba ubalo lwenziwa yi bomthwalo yangoku. Yaye umsebenzi ezinzileyo kunye ixesha elide iintambo umaphuli yesekethe efakiweyo.