MTU kwi zendlela - ntoni na? unit transmission obukhulu. parameters umzila

abasebenzisi abaninzi kwi Internet ukudibanisa ku isebenzisa uxhulumaniso khusalekileyo esuka kubaboneleli ukuze azive engonwabanga kumsebenzi enxulumene ekungakwazini ukuvula izibonelelo ezithile Internet. iingxaki Troubleshooting badla isonjululwe olukhulu - ukutshintsha umzila okanye ISP, kodwa kukho amathuba eliphezulu ukulungisa le meko wena, lungisa enye kuphela parameter ebizwa ngokuba MTU phezu umzila. Yintoni na, ukufumana ukuqwalasela ekunene njani - imibuzo ekufuneka zifundisiwe kweli nqaku.

ukucacisa

Ukunyusa isantya Internet amajelo onxibelelwano esetyenziswa yi ugqithiso lweenkcukacha zepakethe. Ngapha koko, loo nto yenza kungabikho ingqiqo ukuba zithumele zize zifumane iinkcukacha bit ukulayisha ngamnye mzila. Ngoko ke, ubuchwepheshe iye yaphuhliswa evumela ukuba kuqokelela umlambo zedata iphakheji ekhethekileyo, nto leyo idluliselwe umgama. Ekufumaneni yempahla ye computer kwindawo usenokukhupha nje kwaye data ekrwada. Ngethuba usebenzisa imida nkqubo onjalo zaye zachongwa, nto leyo yakhokelela ekulahlekelweni ngesantya kunye yokwanda ubungakanani iphakheji. Ngaloo ndlela wangena kwimigangatho efanelekileyo - ukosuleleka ipakethe likhulu izixhobo (Ubuninzi zokuhambisa Unit), kwaye olufinyeziweyo njengoko MTU, lo umzila. Oko kukuthi, Kakade, oko uhlala ukuchonga izizathu ngenxa apho lo mgangatho ayisebenzi kakuhle.

Kunukwa okanye ukhuseleko

Kakade ke, nawuphi umgangatho lunika isisombululo iingxaki kwiimeko ezingxamisekileyo. Kuba MTU iphuhlise kukuqhekeka okhethekileyo, nto leyo evumela phantsi ukutshintsha ubungakanani yempahla ngokucelwa computer ekujoliswe kulo kwi network. Wona nceda ulandele TCP umaleko zothutho usebenzisa ICMP protocol, ogama msebenzi ukuze adlulisele imiyalezo yesevisi. link Izivumelwano umaleko xa awukwazi ukufumana zepakethe uthumele umyalezo malunga nakwenzeka oku. Umthumeli kunciphisa ubungakanani ipasile kunye ukuthumela kwakhona. Nangona kunjalo, oku akusoloko ayisebenzi. amaninzi kakhulu izibonelelo Internet zilawulwa abalawuli lazy kakhulu abo, endaweni yokuba ukhuseleko ocoliweyo-tune, abasendleleni ngendlela elula, kungasebenzi, ngenxa yabo, iiprotokoli ezingeyomfuneko. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ICMP ngomnye wabo. Kwaye akukho umyalezo - akukho ngxaki, ngumsebenzisi kwi fault othile basebenzisa ihlawulwe nkonzo azizi ngokupheleleyo.

Akhona eXcellent ping-index

Bonke baya ukuthandabuza ukuba nihlale ezingqondweni lwenkxaso yobugcisa umsebenzisi nguye nawuphi na umboneleli, kufuneka ukwazi i inyani ebalulekileyo - i-ping umyalelo - hayi sisalathisi. Njengokuba umsebenzi wayo ophambili ukukhangela ukufumaneka lwemvelaphi, kodwa hayi umgangatho ijelo lonxibelelwano. Unga uqinisekise oku wena ngokusebenzisa ya.ru. umyalelo isikhawulezisi ping Umncedisi yesiphelo Impendulo iya ingxelo ukuba ubukhulu ipakethi bytes 32 yaye yafunyanwa. Kwaye ukuba uthumele ipakethi ukucwangcisa bytes 1500 eqhelekileyo? Iqela iza kukhangeleka ngolu hlobo: ping ya.ru -f -L 1500. Apho l - ubungakanani yempahla, kunye f - ban ukuqhekeka. Kusenokubakho iingxaki ukusuka isigqibo nokungakwazi, ephelisa ilahleko kwi ijelo. Thathela ingqalelo ukuba zonke iinkcukacha ezifunyenwe Internet, wathunyelwa ezinkulu iipakethe trust ping umyalelo iitshekhi channel usebenze. Kulo mzekelo, ubukhulu yepakethi - hayi nje ixabiso MTU, nto leyo ukuphucula umsebenzi nokuhlela Internet.

umnikezeli amathuba

Into yokuqala ukuqonda oko parameter Ubuninzi zokuhambisa Unit ifakiwe kwi kumboneleli. Ukuba inkonzo Internet inikezelwa yi intambo unikezelo "isibini ezijijekileyo", ngaphandle uqwalaselo womnatha, akukho ngxaki. Kodwa kwimeko lamajelo okhuselweyo uHlelo okanye inethwekhi yabucala enembonakalo yenyani VPN, kufuneka ukuba ukulungele ukuba angenza ntoni ngaphandle ngokwezicwangciso umzila kunye nekhompyutha. Khetha ukujonga ubungakanani elichanekileyo yempahla, kwakunye ezichanekileyo ingxaki ukuba kakhulu, yaye iya kugxininisa eziliqela ngeendlela ezininzi ezisebenzayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ungazama umboneleli ngomnxeba ukufumana phandle i MTU ze nerejista phezu umzila, kodwa kulula kakhulu, mhlawumbi, akunakwenzeka ngenxa ubuchule ephantsi yomsebenzisi.

Mhlawumbi ingxaki ilele kwenye

Kusenokwenzeka ukuba ukunqongophala ukufikelela amaphepha e web ezithile akuthethi kuthi ngenxa engeyiyo MTU sentlalo kwi zendlela le hotfix na ukusombulula le ngxaki. Kufuneka bazi ukuba zeziphi indlela ukuhamba. Ukuze benze oku, umsebenzisi kufuneka uye ngokwezicwangciso umzila wakho kwaye sehlise engagqibekanga MTU ukuya 1400 bytes. Emva kokuba ugcine uze uphinde ukuzama kwakhona ukuya resource oyifunayo. Ukuba ingxaki iyaqhubeka, babuyisele sethingi kwindawo yayo yoqobo kunye aqale ukujonga isisombululo kwelinye icala. Nangona kunjalo, ngokoluvo lwabasebenzisi ezininzi, utshintsha ubungakanani iphezulu package ecaleni ezincinane unika isiphumo esihle zonke izibonelelo, kuquka imidlalo online ekhoyo. Noko ke, kukho enye ingxaki - ngesantya ukuwa lokuvula amaphepha kunye layisha phezulu iifayile. Ufuna ukuvula izicwangciso zendlela nezelinen-tune MTU.

Ukususela amagama kwisenzo

Ukufikelela useto, kufuneka bar idilesi njengawuphi na umkhangeli zincwadi kwaye ngenisa idilesi ye zendlela, betha window elithile, faka login wakho kunye negama lokugqitha. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuba sentlalo ngumlawuli evela kumboneleli, linobuchule kunye nokuphelisa iingxaki ekusebenzeni kwi Internet. Kodwa ke abanye abasebenzisi bayazi lokugqitha iseti nezona kanye ukungena kwi-AP. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko ayikwazi ukusonjululwa ngaphandle kwesigunyaziso le ngxaki, kuba Ipharamitha umzila aziyi kufumaneka.

Ekugqibeleni, akukho iimeko nathemba. Ungafumana kuphuma useto kumboneleli womnatha wakho, asete umzila ukuba useto lwasefektri ukuze ubambe udibaniso ngokwakho. Kumajelo eendaba imiyalelo ngokwaneleyo xa kwakumiselwa iintsimbi kuyimfuneko, singasathethi ke izikhokelo uphawu ukusuka kumvelisi, leyo ingafunyanwa kwi websites ezisemthethweni nomthengisi.

Indlela yokufumana i MTU kwi umzila

Ethandwa kakhulu eRashiya uthathwa ukuba umzila D-Link, ngoko yonke imizekelo kulungelelana iza kuchazwa ngokuthi kujongwe umsebenzi wayo, nto leyo eyahlukileyo ngokukodwa kwezinye imizila. Kanye Izilungiselelo main menu isixhobo kaThixo, kufuneka amehlo ukuba ahlawule kwi-WAN umba kwicandelo "Network" lo. Le ngongoma inoxanduva ukwakhiwa unxulumano phakathi umzila kunye nomnikezeli zekhompyutha ke, ubukho balo iyafuneka na isixhobo womnatha. Yakuba le menu ofunekayo, umsebenzisi akanokukwazi ukufumana imichiza engaphezu koko awanalo iwonga "ehlobene". Kuqala kufuneka inikwe kukuba indwe "Indlela yesango olungagqibekanga". Fit isalathisi compound ekhethiweyo. Ngokucofa i "ukutshintsha" (or "yongeza" - in version ngalinye igama lazo), umsebenzisi ungena menu kulungelelana. Fumana umba ofuna MTU kumakishwa. Ukutshintsha isethingi ngokunqakraza kwi icon ipensile endle ekhethiweyo. Cwangcisa ubukhulu oyifunayo. Ukugcina izakhelo ze iqalise umzila.

I elichanekileyo izicwangciso zendlela sihlale isiqhamo

Ukubeka i MTU kwi zendlela, njengokuba kusenziwa imiboniso, kungundoqo kwiindlela ezininzi, eyakhelwe uthungelwano yabucala enembonakalo. Noko ke, bambalwa abantu bazi ukuba kulungelelana soxhulumaniso ezisemgangathweni kwakhona ixhomekeke izinto ezimbini basoloko ecaleni MTU. olufanelekileyo lwesimo zonke iparameters basoloko ukusombulula ingxaki kwi networks ube wear ngokwasemzimbeni kunye iinyembezi. Umzila D-Link, Zuxel, Sisco, Linksys, kunye nezinye izixhobo ezizaliswe ngokuzenzekelayo ngeparameters ebalulekileyo. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, ukutshintsha isicwangciso angafanele kabuhlungu.

1. Gcina Alive. Yenza inethwekhi osoloko igcinwe umzila, ekubeni amandla Ukucima amandla.
2. LCP lokuphumla. Le eyesibini iparameter ayisebenzi umsebenzi kwimizuzwana kwaye icwangcisa amaza izicelo ukusuka umzila nezixhobo kumboneleli ukuba intsebenzo test channel.
3. LCP lutshitshe. Ipharamitha, evumela ukuba Ukuqhawula kumboneleli izixhobo ukumisa, ijelo elitsha zonxibelelwano eliphezulu-esemgangathweni kwimeko engagqibekanga ye iiphakheji ezininzi wathumela ngaphambili.

imigangatho zabucala networking

Ukuba awufuni ukwenza imifuniselo ngokuzimeleyo, nokumisela ubukhulu elifanelekileyo MTU, ungasebenzisa iinkcukacha zobugcisa kumiselwe imigangatho.

1. uqhagamshelo uHlelo. Kuba ephaketheni ngalinye idluliselwe uqhoboshele data zabo ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko, ekuthiwa header. Le isihloko kuthatha nganye ipakethe-8-byte, eshiya ijelo bakwazi ukudlulisa 1492 bytes. Sakhiwa kulo msebenzi nobugcisa ADSL, ngokulandelelana, kuba useto modem utshintshe MTU kuyimfuneko.
2. VPN Private kunye PPP network. Apha MTU ukuya kakhulu kuxhomekeke kwi iintsimbi kumncedisi, apho uya kokuxhuma. Emva koko wesevisi, lo ayimbumba ingasetyenziselwa yokudityaniswa ifenishala kwi kwishishini ngokusebenzisa unxibelelaniso. Ipharamitha 1400 bytes kucingwa ukuba ngcono, kodwa kulungelelana akukho akuvumelekanga.

Software ukunceda

Ukumisela ubungakanani efunekayo ye MTU ngaphandle amalinge kunye zendlela, unako kwaye ngoncedo software. Umzekelo, inkqubo TCP seglosi wenza zibalo ezizimeleyo ijelo lonxibelelwano kwaye unika isiphumo ukuba umsebenzisi inkcazelo epheleleyo le ngxaki. Kuyinto elula, kodwa resource-olunzulu. Ngapha koko, kufuneka ufumane inkqubo, umxokozelo, ukufaka nokuqonda imisebenzi yayo. Kwaye ukuqonda, nawuphi na umsebenzisi uya kufumanisa ukuba isicelo isebenzisa ping banal kukho kwicebo kwi Internet. Kubonakala ukuba uyakwazi ukubona MTU esivela kwilayini yakho yomyalelo? Lula, kufuneka nje ukunciphisa ubungakanani yempahla ye yi de impendulo umncedisi ayikho HIV - ping ya.ru -f -L 1499.

ziziveliso ze-software abaninzi lwezicwangciso womnatha idini entle-tune inkqubo ngokuhlela lobhaliso, emisela keys ezizodwa izixhobo womnatha. Lo msebenzi sele imangalelwe kule iinjini kwinkulungwane edluleyo, kodwa iinkqubo zokusebenza namhlanje bayakwazi ukuba baziqhelanise ijelo emisiweyo zonxibelelwano kwaye ngamanye nocikizeko kulungelelana emva kokuba umzila kufuneka iqale computer.

Ekuphetheni

Emva kokufumana ulwazi malunga MTU kwi zendlela, yintoni na yaye ukuba ulungise kakuhle urhwebo ngaphakathi njani izixhobo, uyakwazi ukuqhubeka kwi iintshukumo ngqo ezijoliswe ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kakuhle ijelo lonxibelelwano. Noko ke, ngaphambi kokuba uqale umsebenzi, kufuneka wazi ukuba yonke imizila kukuvumela ukuba utshintshe iimpawu zayo. Umzekelo, inkampani ZTE, eyaziwa ngokuba yayo 3G-modem, ingqalelo ukuba MTU isicwangciso eyaphula naliphi na imigaqo yokhuseleko lwangaphakathi. Ngako oko, ukutshintsha isethingi efunekayo ngesandla asilele. Iingcali Siyaleza ukufaka izixhobo ezithengwe ngumniki, okanye ukuthenga ubuncinane bavumelane ukukhetha umniki kwi Internet.