Ukubunjwa, Indaba
Inkcazo socialism, imida yenkululeko yomntu
Le mbono "kwiSocialism", "imida ye inkululeko ngamnye kunye nokulingana jikelele" abantu abaye baba 'ithamsanqa' simazi kakuhle oku, ndazifumanela intsingiselo eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo kwaye sele ithathwe elithi "ideology". Yintoni ukuba amisele ibe lulutho kubantu bonke, kungekhona nje ilizwe olunye, kunye noluntu jikelele, kwaba zajika izigidi zabantu, iye wadala ngesothuso oyingqwangangqwili, oozwilakhe bamagazi yaba ukumphikisa ngokupheleleyo kwimigaqo yayo engundoqo.
Ukuzalwa socialism njengoko iziseko inkqubo yehlabathi
Ziqulunqwe ideologues French enciphisa ngamnye inkululeko socialism kwenkulungwane ye-19 ziboniswe kwi kwimibhalo Karla Marksa, uPetros Alexeevich Kropotkin, Vladimira Ilicha Lenina kunye nabanye abaninzi. Kodwa kule mihla, okanye kwi 1830s, xa isisu kuphela, le ideologists kwaba ngokoluvo jikelele, kwakungekho isiseko owodwa kwaye ngaphezulu okanye ecacileyo ngaphantsi ingcamango inguqu Socialism kwinkqubo yezopolitiko. Ekuphela kwento yonke nkolelo ekuvunyelwene - ekwakheni ebumbeneyo uluntu njenowobulungisa nongenamkhethe inkululeko ngamnye ngamnye amalungu ayo. Le ngcamango socialism.
Iingcambu socialism: ukusuka Antiquity ukuya Renaissance
Igama elithi - olobusoshiyali, imida kwenkululeko ngamnye - babe ezintsha ngenkulungwane XIX, kodwa isakhiwo eso kuxoxwa kangangamawaka eminyaka ngaphambili. Le labantwana bebesoloko Wasolula inkululeko, kodwa bambalwa abaqondayo ukuba inkululeko kunye nolingano zizinto kunokwenzeka kuphela xa kusakhiwa lwesakhiwo zoluntu (social) kumgaqo lwentando yesininzi kunye nenkululeko epheleleyo esingenayo. Okokuqala ukubeka phambili ingcamango yokwakha uluntu bobusoshiyali, uPlato, yena zicaciswa oko kwi "State" incoko yababini. Phinda le theses kunye Aristophanes, Ubhala izimvo zabo ngohlobo lemifanekiso kwakhe "trendsetter." EYurophu, nokuphola nkohlakalo kumaxesha, iingcamango yali ababhali bamandulo baqalisa yiEnlightenment nephupha Okunye uThomas Tommaso Campanella, kodwa konke oku "qhekeko" zicinezelwa ngamandla Catholic Church.
Iimbono ezisisiseko socialism laliqulunqwe kwinkulungwane XX
Akukho nifudula laliqulunqwe imida inkululeko socialism ngamnye. Table imiyalezo engundoqo efanayo sijongeka njengoku:
| umlinganiselo system | Living zabasebenzi. |
| Ipropati entsha wadala | Living zabasebenzi. |
| Ukuveliswa yokugqibela imveliso ngohlobo impahla yabathengi eziphethwe | Yomsebenzi ngokwabelana ngamandla. |
| Umsebenzi ufumana ngomsebenzi ophilayo | impahla yabathengi kunye neenkonzo simahla okanye urhwebo yiSoviet emigudwini ngokupheleleyo imali. |
| imveliso uthetha umnini ufumana | Yekani. Akukho nzuzo. |
| Utyalo-mali kuphuhliso yemveliso | Umsebenzi utyalo inxalenye yomsebenzi wabo, ukuba ubhalisele goszaem. |
| ulawulo lwemveliso kunye nesimo sengqondo kwempahla | Ukusebenza abantu ngaphesheya iBhunga liya kumisela Trasti. |
| Amalungelo ilifa asethi zemveliso | Ilifa unelungelo kuphela imbuyiselo iibhondi likanondyebo, bafanelekile ukuba utyalo-ngeke into njengelifa. |
Noko ke, ungongeza ekungenisweni Izicatshulwa kunye noku kulandelayo:
1. Rhoxisa kunye nokuphelisa ngokupheleleyo zonke iintlobo zokuxhaphaza, ukwenza amakhoboka odidi abacinezelwa.
2. Ukurhoxiswa kunye nokonakaliswa hlula yeklasi kunye nokungalingani hlobo ngokubanzi.
3. Gqibezela ukupheliswa malunghelo efanayo nabalawulayo, inxaki onke amalungelo kunye nenkululeko.
4. ukucinywa elipheleleyo okanye olungaphelelanga umyalelo omdala siyiguqulela nabantu abatsha eyenzelwe ukuba sikhonze sakhane.
5. Ukubhengezwa inkululeko yesazela, le ngaphantsi ibandla komdla kukarhulumente kunye noluntu.
6. Ukwakhiwa kwendlela, uluntu elitsha ngokuqhubekayo kwi-siseko ukulingana kwezentlalo kunye nobulungisa.
7. Umwana intlonelo zonke njengelungu lombutho woluntu, ukubulaleka kwakhe, impahla kunye nenkululeko.
8. Promotion of yentlalo abasengozini ntle kunye zizenza ziingcungcu kuphela.
9. Ukuqaliswa kwinginginya ezibanzi amaxabiso collectivist ilawule ezingqondweni kuzimele.
10. Ukusekwa Ukusebenzisana yesigaba, oqinisekisa inkululeko, ukulingana kunye nobuzalwane zonke iintlanga.
Nguwo lo theses eziziintloko socialism ezifundiswayo. Imida kwenkululeko ngamnye abaninzi babo alisayi kuwathathela ngqalelo okanye aphikise ziinqobo yayo engundoqo lakhe.
isiseko Socialist: inguqu ukusuka theory lokuziqhelanisa
Mhlawumbi French ideologues yali phakathi kwinkulungwane XIX, ezifana Saint-Simon, Forms, Fourier, kunye nezinye Dezamy ngokwabo wakholwa oko kubhaliweyo wamemeza. Kodwa phantsi kweSocialism ingqalelo imida yenkululeko yomntu, inginginya bafunda kuphela practice, ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XX. Socialist French ovuka silo aleleyo. Ke incum yomtshangatshangiso yeenguqu kunye neziphithiphithi ethandwayo itshayelwe eYurophu kule minyaka 1848-1849, akazange ukufikelela kwiinjongo zalo. Rate Imida inkululeko, ukulingana, ludale yonke socialism wavakalisa esithi, uluntu nje kuphela emva kokuba Oktobha Revolution of 1917 eRashiya. Kwaye ke bantu bayakuvuma "inkqubo efanelekileyo nenobulungisa," yento eyênziwa koko wabona waza wayibiza ngokuba "sisibetho ebomvu". Ngokuba thina, ukuba iintsalela, kodwa ngoku bayakwazi ukubona socialism kunye nemida kwenkululeko ngamnye lonke uzuko zabo umzekelo eCuba kunye North Korea.
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