LaseKirov Sergey Mironovich: engobomi, usapho, izibakala fun

Ngubani na laseKirov Sergey Mironovich? Biography of lo mntu zizele iziganeko ezinjalo, leyo ngokwembali kwenza kube lula ukuba naye kwindawo ekhethekileyo phakathi neenkokeli ubunkokheli beqela leSoviet. Nkqu nokufa kwakhe yaba ibhaxa ekuqaleni iziganeko ezinzulu kwabulawa ngaphezulu kweshumi abantu abamsulwa.

LaseKirov Sergey Mironovich: biography of revolution entsha

S. M. laseKirov wazalwa 27 kweyoKwindla 1886 kwi Urzhum (isixeko kwiphondo Vyatka) usapho abasebenzi ezilula. Lo mfana wayeneminyaka esibhozo kuphela ubudala xa yena wasala ngaphandle kwabazali: umama wam wasweleka, utata, waya kusebenza, yanyamalala, azafunyanelwa ndawo. Ke ukuba odade Sergei umakhulu wakhe, ngoko uthunyelwa ukuba yokufihla bantwana. Hi ndlela leyi, ngoxa igama negama leqela ikusasa Kostrikov. LaseKirov, waba kakhulu kamva. Kodwa izinto zokuqala kuqala.

Sergey ros umntwana smart kunye nzima ukusebenza, ukufunda kuba kudala naziphi na iingxaki. Yimpumelelo kokuphumelela kwakhe Urzhum kumarhamente ekhaya kuqala, uze emva koko isikolo dolophu, inkwenkwe, wacela icebiso ootitshala babo, waya Kazan, apho wangena Mechanics kunye nokugcinwa promuchilische yaye ngowe-1904 waza waphumelela krelekrele, ukujoyina abafundi ezihlanu ezizezona.

Kulo nyaka Kostrikov bafudukela Tomsk kwaye ufumana umsebenzi draftsman kwi kwibhunga ledolophu, ngokunxuseneyo kokuba baqeqeshwe kwiikhosi zokuzilungiselela Institute of Technology. Kodwa elizayo zoxolo ezicwangcisiweyo kuzaliseka ayizange lombutho.

Sergey, kwakugcwele izimvo revolution nangoku e Kazan, wafudukela Tomsk, ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka uba lilungu elikhutheleyo RSDLP, le mbumbulu Party athandekayo. Ngowe-1905 wabanjwa ngenxa inxaxheba kwimiboniso, kodwa entolongweni, akazange ahlale ixesha elide. Emva kokukhululwa kwale nkomfa iqela elandelayo, yena wanyulelwa ikomiti Tomsk RSDLP. Uba ngumququzeleli imiboniso anti-kurhulumente kunye irallie, ukwakha amaqembu yokulwa. Ngenxa yoko, Sergei Kostrikova kwakhona wabanjwa ngowe-1906. Eli xesha ke uthunyelwe entolongweni iminyaka emithandathu.

Yena woyiswa, kodwa hayi kwaphulwa

NgoJuni 1908 SM Kostrikov wakhululwa entolongweni, apho, njengoko kulindelekile, kwafuneka atshintshe iimbono zakhe phezu mbuso. Noko ke, oku akuzange kwenzeke. Emva kokuphuma ejele, yena uya Irkutsk, apho emva kokubuyiselwa lombutho iqela, phantse kutshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo ngamapolisa, iqala kwakhona ukuba isebenze kwicala olululo zombini phakathi komzi, nezibe Novonikolaevsk (ngoku naseNovosibirsk). NgoMeyi 1909 Serge, ukusuka intshutshiso kwamapolisa, kwanyanzeleka ukuba ushiye kumazantsi eli lizwe.

Sebenza e North Caucasus

E Vladikavkaz, usebenza ngokusondeleyo iphephandaba yeCadet lendawo "Terek", ukuchwetheza amanqaku kumava ezifunyanwe phakathi kokunyuka "Elbrus" yaye "Kazbek", shiya uphononongo lokuba ukusebenza kwindawo yokubonela komzi. Apha wadibana umfazi wakhe wesibini Maria Lvovna civil Marcus.

Ekupheleni kwehlobo 1911 Kostrikova kwakhona abanjwa kwimeko endala bazisa kakhulu Tomsk. Yena wabekwa uququzelela umatshini wokushicilela ngokufihlakeleyo, kodwa ityala lakhe zange aqinisekisiweyo. Kostrikov iyaqhubeka ukusebenza "Terek", kodwa kwakhona ukuba kokela nyingiso eka yena, ithatha alias laseKirov, ngubani Kukholelwa ukuba kuye kwasekwa egameni lokumkani wasePersi - uKoreshi. Ukusuka kule ndawo kwi ngobomi Kirova Sergeya Mironovicha nto ezizodwa ayimeleyo. Nangona amanqaku ezibhalwe nguye yaye ngokufuthi azamkelekanga urhulumente, zithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabantu inkcaso-nye nonke.

Party ebomini kunye War Civil

Ide revolution (1917), S. M. laseKirov ingakumbi ukuzibonakalisa, yaye ngelo xesha kombuso, yena wayengekho phakathi kwabo bachaphazelekayo nzulu imeko kweli lizwe. Okulandelayo party jump biography Sergeya Mironovicha Kirova wenza kuphela ngo-1919: wamiselwa intloko Revolutionary Committee Astrakhan. Ukususela ngoko, oko ekunyukeni kakhulu okukhawulezayo up leri omsebenzi.

Kanye phantsi kobunkokheli bakhe ngqo uSamuweli zicinezelwa imvukelo counter-olululo Astrakhan, wadubula mngcwabo, babulawa kunye Metropolitan Mitrofan noMveleli Leonty, laseKirov waba lilungu Revolutionary Military Council of elinanye Red Army. Ukususela ekuqaleni kuka-1919 Sergey Myronovych kunye Ordzhonikidze elikhokelwa uhlaselo kwiiyunithi zabo eMntla woMzantsi eCaucasus: Matshi 30 wasiwa Vladikavkaz, kunye ngenyanga kamva (Meyi 1) - Baku.

Ekupheleni kuka May 1920 laseKirov wamisela ummeli ogunyazisiweyo e Georgia, apho urhulumente kusekho ekule Mensheviks. Ekuqaleni Oktobha nyaka Sergei Myronovych waya abathunywa eSoviet ukuya Riga ukuba kokusayina isivumelwano soxolo kunye nezibonda, uze emva koko ubuyela North Caucasus, apho abaseAfrika izibandakanya ezintlwini RCP (b). NgoMatshi 1921, njengoko komthunywa yeshumi Congress of the RCP (b), laseKirov kwavunywa ilungu eliza lekomiti engundoqo zeqela.

Ngo-Apreli 1921, uSergey Myronovych achophele Congress of the Mountain ASSR (ngoku North Ossetia). Kwaye ngoJulayi nyaka mnye wonyulwa unobhala TSKKP Azerbaijan. Kungekudala waba ngomnye wabaseki SFSR Transcaucasian (Disemba 1922). Ngo-Apreli 1923, iindwendwe ye weShumi Congress of the RCP (b) athathe inxaxheba laseKirov TSKRKP (b). Intloko Communist Party of Azerbaijan S. M. laseKirov waba livelana Stalin, nangona, eneneni, wahlala umzobo engephi sabaphathi party. Akazange kugqalwa Upstart, akazange afune ukuba mababe kwizikhundla eziphezulu kwaye ngaxeshanye yaba isipho ngokwenene bokucenga, nobuqili bezoshishino obalaseleyo, kodwa wayesaziwa ngokuba abaphathi ezibalaseleyo kunye ally abanyanisekileyo.

LaseKirov eLeningrad

sengqondo esihle kukaStalin ukuya laseKirov kungekudala kubangele kokuqeshwa kwakhe njengentloko mbutho lepati eLeningrad. Eyona njongo yayo iphambili yayikukuba zero nempembelelo phezu kwentloko iLeningrad ngamaKomanisi owayesakuba lepati isixeko UGrigory Zinoviev - utshaba efungelweyo kukaStalin. Kwaye laseKirov baphumelela, nangona nxamnye naye, ezama ukusebenzisa intsebenziswano kunye iphephandaba yeCadet. Sergey Myronovych azuzwe kuphela ulawulo olugcweleyo kwi umbutho iqela le aloo mzi, kodwa waba umnini phantse iLeningrad, ukulawula nje malunga nantoni kunye nokusombulula imiba yezindlu kunye zasekhaya. Inkqubela ulawulo isixeko ekugqibeleni wenza ukuba umzobo enkulu yezopolitiko.

Noko ke, kukho ulwazi olunomdla - laseKirov Sergey Mironovich, nangona, kwaye uvumeleke kwinqanaba eliphezulu lamandla kweli lizwe, ingakumbi emva kokuba waba lilungu Politburo TSKVKP (b) ukuba bayisebenzise, kwaye lujolise ngokupheleleyo kuphela imicimbi eLeningrad. Oku kubonisa ukuba kwindawo yokuqala laseKirov yayingumsebenzi nje ngokuzincama kunokuba ukwakha umsebenzi. Noko ke, yena inkxaso ngokupheleleyo umgaqo-nkqubo esukelwa Stalin, ngokuqinisekileyo loo nto ivumelane. Kuba Iosifa Vissarionovicha, ukuba kulungile, kwaye okona kubaluleke kakhulu, inkxaso oluthembekileyo ngaphandle "ilitye esifubeni sakhe."

Kodwa nentsapho yakhe abazange ukusebenza

Ukuba umsebenzi kwezentlalo konke kakuhle, akazange siphuma ubomi lobuqu Kirova Sergeya Mironovicha. Ngowe-1920, wadibana nomfazi wakhe wokuqala (akukho data kugcinwa kuyo). Emva konyaka, baba intombazana encinane - Eugene. Kodwa intlekele - umfazi laseKirov wagula kakhulu waza wafa ngokukhawuleza emva.

Zibandakanye lwenkokheli zombutho umntwana akukho xesha - umsebenzi ebomini bakhe, wazithabatha lonke ixesha, yaye Eugene Sergeevne Kostrikova kwafuneka ukuphinda isiphelo uyise kubantwana bakhe - ukuya kwisikolo esibhodisayo. Oku kwenzeka emva kokuba abazali bakhe bagqiba ukunxibelelanisa ubomi babo kunye nentombi elide - Maria Lvovna Marcus. Eli bhinqa iyala ukwamkela umntwana yomnye umntu. Ngenxa yoko, Kirova Sergeya Mironovicha usapho lokuqala luwile ngokupheleleyo, abize grade yesibini Kwakunzima kakhulu, njengoko kwakukho Largus laseKirov kwinkosikazi nabantwana kuphela, yena akazange ebelekile.

Hi ndlela leyi, evgeniya Sergeevna Kostrikova intombi elingene sikayise - Kirova Sergeya Mironovicha. olunika umdla ukusuka ngobomi yakhe ubungqina ngokucacileyo into. Ngexesha imfazwe iJamani yamaNazi, kwaba kuphela nge umphathi ababhinqileyo, inkampani itanki yonke waba umyalelo yomnye umntu.

Yena wabulawa laseKirov Sergey Mironovich?

Bakholelwa ukuba abafazi babe buthathaka laseKirov. Kukho amarhe malunga bothando bakhe abaninzi abadlali abaziwayo naseLeningrad Bolshoi. Nangona kunjalo, ulwazi ukuqinisekisa oku, andiyifumananga. Ewe, nabantwana kunokwenzeka niyimigqakhwe laseKirov Sergei Mironavich ngokwayo nanini athi ubuncinane ubungqina bokuba kukho. Noko ke, enye inguqulelo inxibelelanisa ukufa kwakhe yaba ukuthandana. Ngokwale vekeleke, e laseKirov I wake wathandana bufutshane nangexoshomba Draule - umqeshwa yikomiti yengingqi. Umyeni wakhe, Z Nikolaev, ndakuqonda ngayo, wagqiba ukohlwaya welinye icala, ambulala.

Kukho enye inguqulo, apho Nicholas, ukuba indoda amabhongo esingangqinelaniyo kwaye ngendlela ebaxiweyo, wagqiba ngoko malivakale uhle kwimbali, njengoko wenza ababulali Alexander II. Njengalo okanye hayi - andazi, kodwa into yokuba wayalela ngokobuqu ukufa mzobo loo mntu walapha - i inyani. Nangona amaziko oluntu waba ukhuselo kakhulu, ngoko kwakulula ukuba Nikolayev, yambethe umpu, ukufika Smolny, apho ke ngoko ibekwe iKomiti Party City. LaseKirov wadibana kwiholo ye ebhotwe, uhambe emva kwakhe, Nikolaev wadubula entloko, emva koko wazama ukuzibulala, kodwa wayengakwazi, niphele.

Ukubulawa laseKirov njengoko namkhusane zocindezelo

Emva kokuba evalelwe ngemibuzo Nikolaev series, kwaye kwacaca ukuba nabaphandi ukuba umbulali bebodwa, yaye akukho injongo yezopolitiko ulwaphulo musa. Kodwa Stalin akazange ukwamkela into enjalo, "abantu bakhe" - ngumpolitiki eliphezulu, akazange afe usisidenge kangaka, yaye ngoko ke, ukufa kwakhe ingasetyenziswa inzuzo yakho. Ukuze wenze oku, nje kufuneka ukuba sele zingenisiwe emsebenzini ngentshutshiso.

Ekugqibeleni, emva kokuba uthotho zezepolitiki abantu 17 shot, 80 waya entolongweni, 30 - kule link. Amawaka abantu bevela iLeningrad njengoko elala neli ivuke neliya. Ngendlela, ukuba ukudutyulwa yaba Nikolaev nje kuphela, kodwa ngumfazi wayo (wahliwa gwenxa laseKirov) Milda Draule.

Bahloniphe laseKirov

yenkulungwane ezivuthayo revolution, enikelwe ngokupheleleyo kwi Party kunye lizwe, legunya nje udumo eliphezulu phakathi kwabantu, ngokwenene wayemthanda waza iziqu eSoviet Union. Imbeko omzi wakhe Vyatka owathiywa igama laseKirov (1934), kunye ezikhumbuzo Sergeyu Mironovichu Kirovu angafumaneka kwiindawo ezininzi zeli lizwe. Wangcwatywa "waphi iLeningrad" kufutshane yesicelo udonga Red Square eMoscow.