Isonka saleli ku wayingqinga iLeningrad: pheko kwamabutho

Isonka saleli ku wayingqinga iLeningrad Baye zachazwa ngokucacileyo amacandelo ahlukeneyo oluntu. Yaba kuphela kwaye iqinisekileyo indlela yokwabela iimveliso, enika ithemba lobomi. Kwenzeka njani ukuze sisinde kule ebandayo, njengomzi ongqingiweyo, ukufumana izandla zakho phezu nje 125 iigram yesonka ngosuku? Impendulo yalo mbuzo siyifumana ngamandla omkhulu amadoda umoya ixesha kunye nokholo beqinile eloyisweni. I abanya iLeningrad - ibali kufuneka bawazi yaye akhumbule feat egameni abantu babebingelela ubomi babo baza basinda nasekuxinweni kakhulu anomngcipheko kwimbali yoluntu.

Ukuvimba: Background Historical

iintsuku 900, eyathatha ukususela kuSeptemba 1941 ukuya kuJanuwari 1944, wehla wangena kwimbali njengoko iintsuku ezininzi ezibuhlungu enkomfeni ubuncinane 800,000 ubomi babahlali yalo mzi.

Leningrad lithathe indawo ebalulekileyo ngokubhekiselele German Umyalelo, leyo kuthiwa "Barbarossa". Ngapha koko, lo mzi, ngokutsho isicwangciso ezisekiweyo German Field Marshal Paulus, kwafuneka ukuba ezandulela Ibanjiwe eMoscow. icebo lukaHitler wayemiselwe ukuba afe. Abavikeli Leningrad ayengavunyelwa ukuba wasithimba isixeko. Ijikwe ibe enqabeni kungenakugqithwa iLeningrad kudala intshukumo umkhosi waseJamani kwelo lizwe.

Isixeko eso, ngaphandle amaJamani siqale ngenkuthalo kutshabalalisa iLeningrad, zokudubula enzima kunye moya.

Nzima kakhulu esibi

Indlala - abona ngayo abemi iLeningrad kuyo. Ngu njengomzi ongqingiweyo ziye zavalwa yonke indlela, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukuhambisa iimveliso. Abantu iLeningrad basala yedwa imbandezelo zabo.

Isonka saleli e wayingqinga iLeningrad phantsi baba izihlandlo ezi-5. Indlala ngenxa yokuba ngelo xesha yaye kuvalwe esixekweni akazange abe amafutha kunye nokutya okwanele izinto. Lake Ladoga - ndlela leyo ke ukudla kunokwenzeka, kodwa amathuba yale ndlela imveliso mthethweni akazange ahlangabezane neemfuno kubahlali eLeningrad.

indlala Mass wawunzima nokuba busika, amakhulu amawaka abantu abakwazi ukuba ziphile kwi njengomzi ongqingiweyo.

imbijana Leningrad

Ngaphezulu kwezigidi-2 abahlali abahlala iLeningrad ngexesha ukuqapha. Xa utshaba waqalisa ukutshabalalisa ngenkuthalo umzi, kweziqhushumbisi, ukuhlasela kunye nemililo baye baba rhoqo, abaninzi bazama ukuba bemke kweso sixeko. Nangona kunjalo, zonke iindlela yayivalekile ngokuthembekileyo.

Ngomhla ekhoyo amasimi kwifama karhulumente njengomzi ongqingiweyo ziqokelelwa ngocoselelo yonke into edliwayo. Kodwa la manyathelo bayasindiswa yindlala. Kakade November 20, umxhesho yesonka kwi iLeningrad bayingqinga anqunyulwa ixesha yesihlanu. Ngaphandle isonka, abantu phantse nto. Eli imbijana kakhulu ixesha yindlala ukususela kwimbali eLeningrad.

Inyani indlala: amaxwebhu embali

Ngexesha lemfazwe, balambe ka iLeningrad zifihliwe izibakala. ukuziphendulela kweenkokheli lwesixeko ngandlela zonke yakuqhwalelisa ukuvela ulwazi malunga nentlekele yoshicilelo eendaba. Ukuphela kwemfazwe, ukuba kuvalwe iindlela iLeningrad wabonwa njenge ntlekele. Noko ke, amanyathelo urhulumente wathabatha ngokunxulumene ekoyiseni indlala, ngenkankulu anivumanga ingqalelo.

Ngoku ingqokelela amaxwebhu igcinwayo iLeningrad logcino kwenza kube lula ukuba asikhanyisele lo mbuzo.

Usinceda sibone ulwazi kwi "Tsentrzagotzerno 'indlala ofisi eLeningrad. Kolu xwebhu, leyo yazisa malunga nemeko izinto ingqolowa kwisiqingatha sesibini sika-1941, ungabona ukuba ngoJulayi nyaka mnye, le meko kunye izinto okuziinkozo baba tight. Ngoko ke kwaye kwagqitywa kwelokuba abuyele umphunga Port ingqolowa ukuba kwamanye amazwe.

Nangona kwakukho nokwenzeka zikaloliwe kwimo olungxamisekileyo abakuloo mzi uthuthwa sisincoko apho nkozo. Ezi zenzo negalelo yokuba kude November 1941 ishishini yokubhaka besebenza ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa.

Yintoni eyakhokelela nophahla link kaloliwe

Imeko wamajoni wawufuna nje ukuba pheko isonka yonke imihla wayingqinga iLeningrad yanyuswa. Noko ke, xa uxhulumano luvaliwe kaloliwe, ukudla ziye zehla kakhulu. Sele ku September 1941, i-Food toughened amanyathelo angqongqo.

Ukudla isonka kubahlali wayingqinga iLeningrad iye kabukhali lancipha. Kwithuba ukususela kuSeptemba ukuya ngoNovemba kunyaka wokuqala nempi abasebenzi abafumana 800 g, waqalisa ukukhupha 250 kuphela abaqeshwa abamkela 600 g, umxhesho oncitshisiweyo ukuya 125, imali efanayo isonka waza waqala ukunika abantwana abaye ngaphambili wayama 400 emzini

Ngokutsho Shwankathela esi NKVD lommandla iLeningrad, abahlali lokufa okwanda. Ngakumbi buhlungu ukuvimba abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-40 ubudala kunye iintsana.

Imihla yandisa imigangatho isonka iLeningrad bayingqinga

Umxhesho kwisonka labemi wabakho ngaphambi ukuqapha. Ngokutsho amaxwebhu agciniweyo, ngoSeptemba 2, 1941 kakhulu (800 g) Kwafunyanwa yomkhosi kunye nokusebenza nakwiivenkile ashushu. 200 g okuthiwa ukusebenza ngaphantsi, abasebenzi mveliso. Isiqingatha sabemi ngelotha hot yokusebenza yezityalo elungiselelwe abasebenzi imbijana leyo abantwana 400 kunye nabaxhomekeke banikwa 300 g sisonka.

11 Septemba, ngomhla yesi-4 yaye kuvalwe, yonke imithetho abakhupha umxhesho ukuba abasebenzi kunye nabasebenzi liye lehla ngama 100 g

October 1, imigangatho isonka 1941 iLeningrad bayingqinga kwakhona kwanciphisa: kubasebenzi kwi 100 g, abantwana kunye nabaxhomekeke banikwa 200 g

Novemba 13 elinye amazinga cut. Ke kaloku, emva kweentsuku-7, 20 Novemba, oko waphinda wagqiba ekubeni kuqoqosho kakhulu kwezixa okuziinkozo. Elona isonka imbijana in wayingqinga iLeningrad ichongwe - 125 g

Ithuba ukususela ngoNovemba 20 ukuya kuDisemba 25, 1941 uthathwa kakhulu anzima kwimbali zokungqinga, ngenxa yokuba ixesha xa pheko wanciphiswa ubuncinane. Ngeli xesha, amagosa, abantwana kunye nabaxhomekeke bafumana bebonke 125 grams yesonka, 250 grams abasebenzi bakholelwa, kunye nabo babesebenza ezivenkileni ezishushu - 375 Weekend isonka imbijana kwi wayingqinga iLeningrad yaba kukuba abahlali abaninzi isixeko asikwazanga basinde le thuba. Kungekho kutya, abantu bagwetyelwe ukufa. Ngapha koko, ukongeza bakuxabisa 125 g isonka wawungqinga, ababanga nandawo. Noku umxhesho ngenxa ukuhlasela azisoloko kukhutshwa.

NgoDisemba 25, le pheko norm isonka kuzo zonke iindidi ngokunikezela yabantu yaqalisa ukukhula, kuba usinike nje kuphela koku nyanzela abemi, kodwa inkolelo uloyiso phezu yotshaba.

Isonka saleli e wayingqinga iLeningrad zanyuswa ngenxa amaxhoba abantu abaninzi onikezele nokusebenza Road of Life liphela Lake Ladoga. Utshaba mercilessly bavele kwisikhululo nokuhlangula, leyo livunyelwe kuphela ukunyenyisa unikezelo ukutya esixekweni, kodwa ukuba kuphunywe uluntu. Amaxesha amaninzi umkhenkce ethe yaba isizathu sokuba lo matshini kunye mbilu zarhaxwa nje.

Ngowe-1942, ingqolowa ukusuka ezantsi kwelo chibi yaqala ukufumana iefa. umsebenzi yobuqhawe aba bantu, kuba kwakufuneka ukuba asebenze phantsi umlilo yotshaba. Okokuqala, amabhakethi okuziinkozo sikhe ngesandla. Kamva le njongo sasisebenzisa nempompo ekhethekileyo lwenzelwe ukucoca lomhlaba.

Ukusuka apho isonka esibhakiweyo kwamabutho

Noninzi lwezinto ingqolowa umzi engephi. Ngoko, isonka kwafa yayahluke kakhulu kwimveliso zemveli zokudla kuthi. Xa umgubo ukubhaka wayeyiphiwa ubumdaka ezahlukeneyo ngobubi ukugcina icandelo ephambili yale iresiphi. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ubumdaka badla ngobubi waba ngaphezu kwesiqingatha.

Ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa somgubo ocoliweyo, imveliso utywala yaye yayekiswa ukususela ngoSeptemba 23. Zonke isitokhwe zerhasi, bran, imithombo kunye zesoya bathunyelwa kubhakwa. Ukusukela ngoSeptemba 24, isonka waqalisa ukongeza ngeengxam ezabe zidliwa oat, kwincindi, nothuli kamva esibizwa ngokuba.

Emva December 25, 1941 ubumdaka ukusuka phantse wanyamalala. Kodwa eyona nto ibalulekileyo - ukususela kulaa mzuzu ukuya phambili isonka imbijana ku kungqinga iLeningrad, ogama iifoto ingabonwa kwinqaku kuye inyusiwe.

Facts kunye nezibalo

Ngexesha ukuqapha kwi kummandla yokwenza kakuhle kwiivenkile isonka 6.

Ukususela ekuqaleni isonka yaye kuvalwe esibhakiweyo ngomgubo, leyo idityaniswe imithombo, i-oats kunye zesoya. Malunga 8000 iitoni lwemithombo kunye 5000 okulahlwayo oats zasetyenziswa ukungcola enokutyiwa.

Kamva, kwafunyaniswa isidlo yomqhaphu kwimali 4 kweetoni eziliwaka. Izazinzulu ziye baqhube imifuniselo eziliqela ukuba baye babonisa ukuba kwiqondo lobushushu eliphezulu impahla zinetyhefu eziqulethwe ukwakheka cake, itshatyalaliswa. Ngoko isonka ongqingiweyo baqala ukungena ngakumbi isidlo yomqhaphu.

kudlule iminyaka, eshiya abantu abakubonileyo ixesha eyoyikekayo, uya ibali. Yaye xa sikwazi ukulondoloza kukhunjulwa yaye kuvalwe eyoyikekayo, apho waphumelela isixeko iLeningrad thina. Khumbula! Kuba feat lokusinda kunye nabahlali ufile lwe eLeningrad!