Umsebenzi encomekayo-trophic

Enye e-nervous system central, yawo ekuthiwa, lenziwa ungamalungu amaninzi. Enye yazo yinkqubo onovelwano luvo. iimpawu yokusetyenziswa morphological ukuvumela ukuba yahlulwe ngokwamacandelo eziliqela. Enye iSebe NS yawo - inkqubo parasympathetic luvo. Kweli nqaku, sicinga ukuba umsebenzi trophic ezinjalo.

About CNS

Kubomi nayiphi esiphilayo nakanjani inani imisebenzi ebalulekileyo yenziwa yi-luvo. Ngoko ke, oko ubaluleke kakhulu kunene. I-luvo ngokwayo entsonkothileyo kakhulu kwaye kubandakanya amasebe ezahlukeneyo, uye ohlobo eziliqela. Ngamnye kubo uwugcinayo inani iimpawu ezithile uphawu ngalunye kwezi amasebe. An into umdla kukuba ingcamango inkqubo onovelwano nervous sasetyenziswa kuqala ngo-1732. Ekuqaleni, lo gama lisetyenziswa ukubhekisela yonke inkqubo yawo luvo luphela. Nangona kunjalo, kunye nophuhliso amayeza kunye nokwanda kwe ulwazi lwenzululwazi, kwacaca ukuba inkqubo onovelwano nervous igcwele nemisebenzi umaleko ngokubanzi. Kungenxa yoko le nto yaqala ukuba kusetyenziswa kuphela malunga kwenye kwizahlulo zezindlu nkqubo yawo luvo. umsebenzi Trophic e-nervous system iza thaca ngezantsi.

NS bezempilo

Ukuba bahleli amaxabiso ezithile, kuye kucace ukuba inkqubo onovelwano nervous luphawulwa osemqoka umdla kakhulu - oko kusingatha inkqubo ukusetyenziswa kwezibonelelo umzimba kwaye kudibanisa imikhosi yayo yangaphakathi xa kuthe likaxakeka. Ukuba kukho imfuneko yoko, inkqubo onovelwano kwandisa kakhulu inkunkuma kwezibonelelo amandla ukuze umzimba waqhubeka yokusebenza eqhelekileyo ukuba enze imisebenzi ethile. Xa kunjalo, xa kukho ukuthetha ngento yokuba umzimba womntu undifihlele iimpawu, oko iqondwa kwinkqubo. Imeko yomntu ixhomekeke kwindlela inkqubo onovelwano ukumelana imisebenzi yabo.

I parasympathetic NA

Nangona kunjalo, le meko kudala uxinzelelo olukhulu kwi-emzimbeni, kwaye alikwazi ukusebenza ixesha elide kule meko kwimo yesiqhelo. Apha ezibaluleke kakhulu yinkqubo parasympathetic, nto leyo enokuchaphazela indima kwaye ikuvumela ukubuyisa uze ugcine izibonelelo umzimba, nto leyo evumela awunakunqamla zenzeke. Iinkqubo novelwano kwaye parasympathetic luvo kuvumela umzimba womntu ukugcina umsebenzi eqhelekileyo kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo. Bona zihlobene kwaye oluncedisanayo omnye komnye. Kodwa kuthetha ntoni umsebenzi trophic lweNdibano yesiZwe? Kule kamva.

device yokwakheka

Novelwano yoWiso-isakhiwo kunokuba nzima yaye branched. central inxalenye yayo ise umnqonqo nemithambo neuropathy ifaka kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kunye imithambo yomzimba. Zonke kwalapho kwenkqubo onovelwano oxhulumene kwi plexus kwaye ubukhulu becala bakwicandelo kwizihlunu innervated.

Inxalenye neuropathy yenkqubo ukhandwa ezahlukeneyo luvo ezibuthathaka efferent ukuba iinkqubo ezithile. Ezi nkqubo kude umnqonqo kwaye ikakhulu kwiindawo paravertebral kunye prespinal.

Umsebenzi yenkqubo onovelwano

Kuye kwaqatshelwa ukuba ukusebenza kwenkqubo onovelwano ke wadibana emzimbeni kwiimeko uxinezeleko. Eminye imithombo bakubiza izidubuli inkqubo onovelwano luvo. Eli gama linxulunyaniswa yokuba oko kuquka ukuvela yokusabela ethile impembelelo evela ngaphandle. Oko kukuthi umsebenzi wayo trophic.

Ukuba udibana simo, amadlala adrenal cell iadrenaline uqale ngoko nangoko. Nguye ke into ephambili ekuvumela umntu ukuphendula impendulo ngcono nangokukhawuleza kuxinezeleko. Imeko efanayo ezingenzeka ngethuba umthambo. adrenaline kwenza kube lula ukuba ukumelana nayo. Iadrenaline kuphucula intshukumo kwenkqubo onovelwano, kwaye, yena, inika izixhobo ukutyiwa amandla kakhulu. Ngokwayo secretion adrenaline asinto kumthombo wamandla, kodwa kunokuba inegalelo nokukhuthaza amalungu oluntu kunye qwa.

The main

Umsebenzi ophambili we-onovelwano NA ngumsebenzi okulungisekayo-trophic.

Makhe siqwalasele ngokweenkcukacha.

Izazi ixesha elide ngokwaneleyo ukuze uqiniseke ukuba kuphela inkqubo somatic nervous iqinisekisa ummiselo umsebenzi uhlobo izihlunu skeletal. Le nkolelo yazanyazanyiswa de kwenkulungwane yama-20.

Eyaziwa yokuba emva ndoyolula fatigue ukusetyenziswa kwezihlunu kwenzeka. Ukomelela izishunqulelo kancane, kwaye ayeke kwaphela. Ukusebenza izihlunu kudla ukuphola emva luphumlo elifutshane. Kangangethuba elide izizathu yale meko akuyo.

Ngowe-1927, Orbeli L. A. empirically wafumana oku kulandelayo: ukuba tab ukuba isele ekumeni epheleleyo intshukumo, oko kukuthi, de nokudinwa kukungakhuseleki elide ukuya motor luvo, yaye emva koko, ngaphandle ukuyeka yashukunyiswa motor, qala enxuseneyo kabi lona luvo kunye nenkqubo onovelwano, msebenzi uya ingagcinwa kwakhona ngokukhawuleza. Kubonakala, isiphumo enxulumanisa uthungelwano onovelwano etshintsha ukusebenza kwezihlunu ukuba udiniwe. Kuvela ukuphelisa kwelo ukubuyisela impilo yakhe. Nguwo lowo umsebenzi trophic iiseli zemithambo-luvo.

Umphumela imicu kwezihlunu

Izazinzulu ziye zafumanisa ukuba luvo kwenkqubo onovelwano zinempembelelo enamandla phezu okuzenzela izihlunu, ingakumbi, ngamandla wabo ukuqhuba ombane kwakunye nomgangatho excitability le-luvo motor. Phantsi yempembelelo innervation elalivelana utshintsho ekwakhiweni kunye imali anemichiza eziqulethwe esihlunwini kwaye lidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuphunyezweni kwemisebenzi yayo. iikhompawundi ezifana ziquka lactic acid, glycogen, creatine phosphate. Ngokuhambelana nale data kuye kunokwenzeka ukugqiba ukuba inkqubo onovelwano, lukwakhuthaza kukuvela utshintsho ezithile emzimbeni nemichiza kwi kwizihlunu skeletal, ibe nafuthe olawula phezu uvakalelo le umsipha amaza motor asakhulayo eza kunye imicu yenkqubo somatic. Ukuba inkqubo onovelwano akufundisayo ijwabu kwezihlunu ukwenza imithwalo ezinokwenzeka kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo. Kuye kwafunyaniswa ukuba umsebenzi izihlunu udiniwe kunyuswa phantsi kwempembelelo le-luvo novelwano esebenzayo ekwandeni kokuqukuqela kwegazi. Nangona kunjalo, ezi amalinge ziye ayiqinisekiswanga le mbono. Le indlela trophic umsebenzi neuron.

Ngokusebenzisa izifundo ezizodwa kwafunyaniswa ukuba excitability ngqo novelwano xa eziphilayo ezinomqolo ningaswele. Ngoko ke, impembelelo lohlobo ubhalo novelwano xa umsipha skeletal kuphela Ukuncitshiswa umlamli okanye ezinye izinto ezo zabelwe ezinjengeetheminali inkqubo vasomotor novelwano. Esi sigqibo zingangqinwa lula nge eksperimenti elula. Ukuba imisipha ukubeka isisombululo okanye perfuse asisibeke ngesitya, uze uqale ifuthe luvo onovelwano, isisombululo okanye perfusate saphawula uhlobo ingubani ukwimo. Ukuba ezi izinto baziswa kwezinye izihlunu, baya kwenza isiphumo nohlobo novelwano.

Loo ndlela kuxhaswa ixesha elikhulu efukamileyo ubude bayo olubalulekileyo phambi kokuba isiphumo. Ngokuba ukuvela umsebenzi okulungisekayo-trophic ayifuni ixesha elide kwezo amalungu, leyo afakwa ucaphuka ngqo enovelwano, ezifana intliziyo kunye namanye amalungu zangaphakathi.

ukuxhasa izibakala

Izibakala zibonisa ummiselo neurotrophic yi inkqubo onovelwano, yayifunyenwe ngokuqhuba izifundo ezahlukeneyo skeletal ijwabu kwezihlunu. Uphando iquka omninzi functional, denervation, ukuvuselelwa, umnqamlezo-uqhagamshelo lwe kwimithambo- oxhulumene kwi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo imicu kwezihlunu. Ngenxa yophando wafumana kwisigqibo sokuba umsebenzi trophic zisebenza iinkqubo pathways ukuba agcine isakhiwo kwezihlunu eziqhelekileyo kwaye zinika idinga ngexesha kusetyenzwayo kwemithwalo ezithile. Ezi nkqubo pathways igalelo ngokubuyiselwa kwezibonelelo ekunene emva izihlunu umsebenzi wayeka. Ukusebenza iinkqubo ezinjalo ngenxa iqela kwezinto zolawulo eziphilayo. Kukho ubungqina ukuba ukuvela izenzo trophic kufuneka ukuthutha izixhobo eziyimfuneko kumzimba kwiseli ukuya esilawulayo.

Oko kuthathwa ingqalelo ngokubanzi, kunye nento yokuba ixabiso neurotransmitters ayiphelelanga inxaxheba kule nkqubo transfer amandla. Kwakhona kuchaphazela ubomi imizimba nemincili abathatha inxaxheba kunikezelo lwamandla izicwili.

Umzekelo, catecholamines inxaxheba kule nkqubo, njengoko ekuphunyezweni umsebenzi trophic. Xa energosubstratov level igazi ukunyuka, nto leyo ekhokelela kwimpembelelo ngokukhawuleza nebanzi kwiinkqubo ukutya.

isiphelo

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba ethe- luvo kwakhona ukubonisa isiphumo olwenziwayo-trophic. Izazinzulu ziye zafumanisa ukuba iziphelo imicu sensory iqulethe zonke iintlobo neuroactive izinto indalo, ezifana neuropeptides. Eyona eqhelekileyo R-neuropeptides, kwakunye peptides athe anxulunyaniswa sofuzo calcitonin. peptides ezinjalo emva yokwahlukana kokuba kwalapho abanokuzifumana engqongileyo kwezihlunu impembelelo trophic.