Kutheni kufuneka ukuba ukwazi nokuchongwa group igazi?

Kuzo zonke eziphilileyo umzimba womntu kufuneka abe ligazi. Ukuba ngokwembono ubume ngokwasemzimbeni kunye imichiza, oko phantse efanayo, khona zikhona umahluko.

A incinane

igazi Human amaqela amane ngokohlobo antigen kunye namaqela amabini amakhulu ngokuphathelele RH elithile. Kodwa okungakumbi ngalo ukuba oogqirha babengazi njalo. Igazi ngayo ixesha elide eyadlulayo, oogqirha sizama ukusindisa ubomi. Kwezinye iimeko, baphumelela, kodwa uninzi lwalamanyathelo banomonde obulalayo. Yintoni na isizathu, ndafunda kuphela ngo-1901 ngenxa ukuya kugqirha Austria, owathi wafumana iiyantlukwano ezithile phakathi isampuli. Kwezinye iimeko, igazi ziqhele ukuthatha iingcambu, kunye nezinye - iiseli ezibomvu egazini ukunamathelana, nto leyo ekhokelela ukuba abulawe. Oku lo gqirha labiwe 4 amaqela igazi kunye gazi wenza phantse ngokupheleleyo ekhuselekileyo impilo. Kuba yintoni ngo 1930 wawongwa Prize Nobel.

Ngeqela

Yintoni umahluko, yaye kutheni kukho unyulo ezahlukeneyo kumaqela igazi? Yonke le nto phambi antigen emzimbeni - uhlobo zeprotheyini neemolekyuli, leyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba iqela elinye okanye elinye. awakwazi akhiwe serum kunye erythrocyte komhlaba. Kwaye ukuba abo banoxanduva impendulo amajoni omzimba athile ukuba igazi litofelwe. Umahluko kumaqela igazi ubukho okanye ukungabikho kuyo antigen A and B, kunye ubukho elilwa ezi awakwazi efanayo plasma.

abizwa

Yintoni na ke nokonyulwa igazi? Kubalulekile ukuphawula abanye ukuba abambalwa, kodwa hayi kunzima ukuwuqonda kwilizwe lethu yaye uphawu eYurophu. Kufuneka ukwahlula phakathi iqela lwamanani - eyokuqala, eyesibini, eyesithathu neyesine. Bolunye uhlanga ukwabelana iqela elifanayo awakwazi:

• 0 - wokubhiyozela iqela lokuqala igazi;
• A - iqela lesibini igazi;
• B - Iqela lesithathu begazi;
• AB - iqela wesine igazi.

Ngoko ke yintoni umahluko? Ngoko, kwi qela lokuqala (0) omzimba A and B kuphela plasma yegazi. Kule yesibini (A) - A iantigens ibekwe phezu komhlaba iiseli ezaziwayo-kakuhle obomvu, kunye antibodies ezikhoyo plasma yegazi. Kule lesithathu (B) - "live" kumphezulu Le izoba iiseli ezibomvu (iiseli zegazi) kwaye omzimba A - plasma igazi; a awakwazi nowesine (zombini A no-B) afumaneka kwi kumphezulu weeseli ezibomvu - iiseli ezibomvu.

About RH factor

Kwaye yintoni ke RH into? nokuba kuchaphazela ukuphawulwa group igazi? Kakade ke, impembelelo. Kwakhona iantigens, apho ibekwe phezu kumphezulu weeseli ezibomvu. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba RH into, phantse bonke Asia - 99%, kodwa hayi bonke baseYurophu - 85%. Kukho ukwahlulwa ibe ngamaqela amabini amakhulu abantu uyakwazi zombini RH-HIV (H. +), kunye navumelanayo-RH (RH-). Ngoko ke, xa sithatha onke amaqela, kukho amaqela igazi esibhozo. Umzekelo, i-RH HIV iqela igazi yesibini. Isikhundla ndlela: A H. + (in Russian: II +).

ukuxuba

Umntu ngamnye kubalulekile ukwazi ukuchonga group igazi lakho, ngenxa yokuba kaninzi oko unako ukusindisa ubomi bakhe, ukuba akukho xesha iimvavanyo ezithile. Ngoko ke, ukuba igazi ayikho zeqela zingenzeka clumping kwiiseli ebomvu imithambo yegazi iya kuqalisa inkqubo efanayo ukuyilwa egazi igazi, igazi zokumisa, yaye umntu uyafa nje. Kusenokuba kubonakale iinkcukacha umdla abantu nezi ntlobo igazi njengoko 0 (Rh-) kunye AB (H. +) zithathwa jikelele. Lokuqala - ngumxhasi efanelekileyo, okwesibini - umamkeli jikelele.