Kotelnikov Gleb Evgenevich - le Umsunguli iparashute: biography, imbali kwamamdla

Omnye izinto ezinkulu Aviation - iparashute - beza kubulelwe nokuzimisela kunye neenzame zomntu nje omnye - i umyili-wafundisa Gleb Kotelnikov. Akazange kwafuneka ukuba ukusombulula iingxaki ezininzi zobuso zezona zinzima ixesha layo, iingxaki zobugcisa, kodwa ixesha elide ukuphumeza ekuqaleni ngobuninzi iphakheji zohlangulo.

kwiminyaka yokuqala

Abaqambi elizayo iparashute Gleb Kotelnikov wazalwa 18 (30) Januwari 1872 eSt Petersburg. Uyise unjingalwazi Mathematics kwiYunivesithi Moscow. yonke Intsapho uwuthandayo art: umculo, ukupeyinta yeqonga. Indlu isoloko kwango yeqonga engahlawulwayo. Ayimangalisi into yokuba babengayenzanga bebaninzi, umenzi iparashute njengomntwana waphupha kweqonga.

Inkwenkwe badlale kakuhle kwi ipiyano kunye nezinye izixhobo zomculo (balalaika, mandolin, ivayolin). Ngelo xesha, zonke ezi iinkanuko zange kuphazamisana Gleb sinomdla kwi buciko. Ukususela ekuzalweni wafumana izandla zegolide, asoloko into wayesenza nokuqokelela (umzekelo, kwiminyaka 13 wakwazi babutha ikhamera ukusebenza).

career

Elizayo, nto leyo ngoku wakhetha Umsunguli iparashute iza kumiselwa emva ngentlekele yosapho. Uyise wafa ngaphambi Gleb kunye nonyana wakhe, kwafuneka ukuba baphume liphupha somculo. Waya Kiev zokudubula School. Lo mfana izidanga honors ngo 1894 yaye ngaloo ndlela waba ligosa. Oku kulandelwa yiminyaka emithathu yenkonzo emkhosini. Emva kokuyeka, Kotelnikov waba igosa kwisebe Excise lephondo. Ngowe-1899, watshata intombi esengumntwana Yulii Volkovoy.

Ngowe-1910 intsapho kunye nabantwana abathathu bafudukela eSt Petersburg. Kwikomkhulu, umqambi elizayo iparashute yaba omdlali kwi yaBantu House, wathabatha ukuya elabo sigaba Glebov-Kotelnikov. St. Petersburg wamnika amathuba amatsha kunye nokusebenzisa amathuba evelele. Yonke iminyaka bempilo yangaphambili waqhubeka ekwakhiweni kwinqanaba engahlawulwayo.

ezontathu umdlalo

Ngenkulungwane yokuqala XX kuphuhliso Aviation. Kwizixeko ezininzi Russian, kuquka St. Petersburg, sele lwenziwe moya umboniso, leyo ngokucacileyo ezalisekisa iimfuno zoluntu. Ngaloo ndlela waqhelana ngenqwelomoya umenzi elizayo kubhaka iparashute Gleb Kotelnikov. Ukuba ubomi akakukhathalele msebenzi, wayengakwazi kwanokubuyisela umdla lo moya.

Xa ukuqondana, Kotelnikov waba ubungqina unwitting ukuba ukufa pilot okokuqala kwimbali Aviation Russian. Ngexesha pilot flight umboniso Matsievich wawa esihlalweni waza wafa, bhuma phantsi. Emva kwakhe phantsi moya abangekaphuhli kwaye ezingazinzanga.

Isidingo iparashute

Le ntlekele ezibandakanya Matsievich yaba yoko ubhalo wokungakhuseleki kwi moya yokuqala iinjini moya. Ukuba indoda yaya emoyeni, oko wawubeka kwisibonda ubomi bakhe. Le ngxaki evelileyo ngaphambi kokuba moya. Kwinkulungwane XIX ngu iibhaluni efanayo ingasonjululwanga ubunzima. Kwimeko yabantu umlilo bavaleleke. Babengenako ashiye isithuthi ekubandezelweni.

Le ngxaki kufuneka isonjululwe kuphela kokusungulwa iparashute. Yemifuniselo zokuqala kwenzelwa imveliso yalo aseNtshona. Noko ke, ingxaki ngokwemigaqo iimpawu zobugcisa iye yaba lixesha elinzima kakhulu ngenxa yakhe. Ukutyhubela iminyaka, eyama kuqhubeke. Ukungabi nako ukunika isiqinisekiso yabaqhubi zokusindisa ubomi kakhulu kwaqhwalelisa uphuhliso yonke le Aeronautics. Saqhubeka daredevils kuphela lithemba.

Sebenza ku kokusungulwa

Emva kokuba siganeko embi kwi moya umboniso ka Gleb Kotelnikov (lowo owavela iparashute) wajika indlu yakhe kumasifundisane ngokupheleleyo. Sidala kwaye phithi kunye ingcamango ukudala isithuthi sohlangulo eza kunceda pilot basinde kwingozi moya. Eyamangalisa kakhulu ukuba zolinganiso engahlawulwayo yaqala yedwa ngenxa ingxaki yobugcisa apho iminyaka emininzi ngelize walwa iingcali ezininzi ehlabathini lonke.

Zonke yemifuniselo le Umsunguli iparashute Kotelnikov olwenziwa ngeendleko zakhe. Imali tight, babeye sinayo iinkcukacha. Iikopi ukusinda wobugcisa lehla ukusuka oontloyiya kunye nophahla St. Petersburg. Boilermakers ndafumana esitoreni iincwadi ngembali endiza. Amava wathatha indawo enye emva kwenye. Ngokuthe ngcembe, umakhi weza uqwalaselo engumzekelo kweemali yokuhlangula elizayo. Oku bekufanele ukuba iparashute ixesha elide ezilula. Abancinane kunye nasakhulayo, wayengakwazi kusoloko kunye naloo mntu nokunceda ngaphandle kwi mzuzu kakhulu yingozi.

imiba technical

Ukusebenzisa uyilo abangafezekanga iparashute kwakugcwele neentsilelo ezinzulu eziliqela. Eyokuqala uvale wokwenene phambili, lowo elinde pilot ngexesha kubhengezo nkundla. Ngoko Gleb Kotelnikov (lowo owavela iparashute) wachitha ixesha elininzi kuyilo kwenkqubo zokumiswa. naye izihlandlo eziliqela ukuba uzenze attachment. Ukuba usebenzisa uyilo ukusinda yobugcisa umntu ongalunganga ngokungakhethiyo ukujikeleza emoyeni.

moya imodeli ubhaka iparashute Umsunguli wakhe wokuqala kumjonga oonopopi, mannequins. Njengoko wasebenzisa silk ilaphu. Ukuze ukuba lo mba ngesantya ekhuselekileyo ukwehlisa umntu emhlabeni, Sasihamba malunga 50 yezikwere tse. Okokuqala Kotelnikov Eyisongile iparashute kwi ngesigqubuthelo sentloko, kodwa ukuze ilingane isilika kangaka. Abaqambi ndinyuke kunye nesisombululo yantlandlolo le ngxaki.

Ingcamango yokuba ubhaka

Mhlawumbi igama Umsunguli iparashute bekuya kuba ezahlukeneyo xa Gleb Kotelnikov akazange acinge ukuba ukusombulula ingxaki ngokusonga iparashute kunye ubhaka okhethekileyo. Ukuze ukwamkeleka umcimbi wakhe ababenyuke kunye nomzobo yoqobo kunye nomsebenzi ahlabayo kokunzima. Ekugqibeleni, umakhi waqala ukudala kwase kuqala. Kulo mzekelo umfazi wamnceda.

Kungekudala, ukulungele RC-1 (Russian - Kotelnikovsky). Ngaphakathi ubhaka yaba kwithala metal ezizodwa kunye nemithombo ezimbini coil. Boilermakers wenza eso sakhiwo ukuba kuvulwa ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Ngokuba lo pilot olufunekayo kuphela ukutsala intambo ekhethekileyo. Imithombo ngaphakathi ubhaka uThixo amajukujuku evulekileyo kwaye ukuwa aba made.

elisuka

Iparashute iqulathe canvases 24. Ngenxa yonke uThixo amajukujuku waya intambo, afakelwe ezizibeni nesisitheliso. Baya ebotshelelwe amagwegwe ukuya emazantsi, kunxitywa ngumntu. Yaba kweshumi le esinqeni, umlenze kunye nesifuba umtya. Baye ephambuka wabazelelela iinyawo. isixhobo iparashute ivumela umqhubi ukulawula ngexesha ekuhleni emhlabeni.

Xa kwacaca ukuba fyabo uya kuba impumelelo eyama Kotelnikov wayekhathazeke copyright. Akazange abe lomenzi kunye, ke ngoko, nomphambukeli wabona iparashute intshukumo nokuqonda imigaqo nokusebenza kwazo, akwazi ukuba ingcamango. Le nkxalabo kwakhokelela Gleb Paton zifuduka uvavanyo babo ezigangeni oyimfama Novgorod ukuba wacebisa unyana ka umsunguli. Oko kuza kuvavanywa kukho inguqulelo yokugqibela yeTshata ye-mafutha entsha zohlangulo.

Umzabalazo selungelo elilodwa lomenzi

Ibali ezimangalisayo kokusungulwa iparashute waqhubeka Agasti 10, 1911, xa Kotelnikov wabhala ileta eneenkcukacha kwi-Ofisi yoMphathiswa of War. Wachaza ngokweenkcukacha iimpawu zobugcisa izinto ezintsha, yaye wachaza ukubaluleka ukuphunyezwa kwayo emkhosini kunye Aviation yoluntu. Eneneni, kuphela inani moya wande, kwaye liye loyikiswa ngesenzo ukufa ezintsha labaqhubi ngamakroti.

Noko ke, incwadi Nyquist yokuqala balahleka. Kuye kwacaca ngoku ukuba umenzi kuya kufuneka ijongane tape eyoyikekayo ebomvu. Waqalisa ukuya pester -Ofisi War kunye amthume ezahlukeneyo. Ekugqibeleni Gleb E. kwaqhambuka kwi Committee njengeyabo. Nangona kunjalo, amagosa eli sebe bazitshitshisela ingcamango umyili. Abavuma ukunika ilungelo, ucinga wayila engenamsebenzi.

ukuqaphela

Emva ukungaphumeleli ekhaya Kotelnikov wenze ubhaliso ezisemthethweni wokusungula eFransi. Esi siganeko kudala elindelwe kwenzeka ngoMatshi 20, 1912. Emva wakwazi ukuba alungiselele uvavanyo ngokubanzi, apho yazinyaswa ngabo abaqhubi kunye nabanye abantu ababandakanyekayo Aviation oselula Russian. Badlula Juni 6, 1912 kwidolophana Salyuzi kufuphi St Petersburg. Emva kokufa Gleb Paton le dolophu igama Kotelnikovo.

Juni ekuseni phambi nqa ibhaloni pilot kawonke wasika ekupheleni yomtya, kunye doli abaqeqeshwe ngokukodwa waqalisa ziwe emhlabeni. Abaphulaphuli wayebukele ukuba kwenzeka ntoni emoyeni ngoncedo zizibonakude. Emva kwemizuzwana embalwa indlela esebenza, kwaye esibhakabhakeni yawa lwale evulekileyo. Ngaloo mini akukho umoya, apho kungenxa yokuba doli yahlala ngasekunene ngeenyawo zakhe, wema apho imizuzwana embalwa, bawa. Emva lonke eli hlabathi uvavanyo zoluntu bafunda ngubani Umsunguli Aviation ubhaka parachute.

ngobuninzi Sib

imveliso series yokuQala RC-1 waqala eFransi ngo-1913. Imfuno for Sib kunyuke nge umyalelo emva ngokukhawuleza leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi. Iikhithi zokuhlangula Russian ezifunekayo ukuze yabaqhubi moya "ilya Muromets". Ngoko iminyaka emininzi RK-1 wahlala sele eSoviet Air Force.

Xa urhulumente yamaBolshevik Kotel'nikov waqhubeka ukuzibandakanya ulungiso eyasungulwa yokuqala. Usebenzisene Zhukovsky, wabelane ngeyakho ilabhoratri lwabo ashukimisayo. lamba abanamava ngemizekelo Sib zovavanyo zibe intlekisa mass - ukuba akhawunti ukuba inani elikhulu ngababukeli. Ngo-1923, bekukho umfuziselo RC-2. Gleb Kotelnikov uye walungiselela wayebakhuthaza ingxowana semi-ezithambileyo. Oku kwalandelwa kokulungiswa ezimbalwa. Sib baba lula ngakumbi kwaye aluncedo.

Ngaxeshanye umsebenzi wakhe lokuqamba Kotelnikov bachitha ixesha elininzi kunceda club eziphaphazelayo. Yena into emandiyenze, waba lundwendwe wamkelekile ekuhlaleni kwezemidlalo. Xa wayeneminyaka engama-55 ubudala ngenxa yokuba umenzi wayeka imifuniselo. Zonke ilifa yakhe wamnika kurhulumente eSoviet. Kuba mpumelelo eziliqela Nyquist wawongwa IMbasa Red Star.

Ekubeni umhlala, Kotel'nikov waqhubeka ehlala kwikomkhulu emantla. Wabhala iincwadi zesikhokelo. Xa waqala kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, osekhulile nokubona kancinane Gleb E., kunjalo, wathabatha inxaxheba kwintlangano komoya ukukhusela eLeningrad. Ukuvimba ebusika kunye indlala kubethwa enkulu kwimpilo yakhe. Nyquist babalekiswa eMoscow, apho wafela ngoNovemba 22, 1944. Famous Umsunguli wangcwatyelwa Novodevichy Amangcwaba.