Khu phisana. Imizekelo yokukhuphisana okugqibeleleyo

Ukuphucula imveliso, ukunciphisa iindleko zokuvelisa, ukuzenzekelayo zonke iinkqubo, ukulungiswa kwesakhiwo samashishini-konke oku kubaluleke kakhulu ukuphuhliswa kwezoshishino zanamhlanje. Iyiphi indlela engcono yokwenza amabhizinisi enze konke oku? Yimarike kuphela.

Iimarike ziqondwa nje ngokuba ukhuphiswano olukhoyo phakathi kwamashishini athengisa okanye athengise iimpahla ezifanayo. Ukuba kukho izinga eliphezulu lokhuphiswano olusempilweni, ngokokuba kukho ukuthengiswa kweemarike kukho imfuneko yokuphucula rhoqo umgangatho weempahla kunye nokunciphisa izinga leendleko eziqhelekileyo.

Umxholo wokukhuphisana okugqibeleleyo

Ukhuphiswano olugqibeleleyo, imizekelo yaloo nto ichazwe kwinqaku, lichasene ngokupheleleyo ne-monopoly. Oko kukuthi, imarike apho kukho inani elingenamkhawulo labathengisi ababandakanyekayo kwiimpahla ezifanayo okanye ezifanayo kunye nexesha elifanayo abanako ukuchaphazela intengo yalo.

Ngelo xesha, i-state ayifanele ifuthe kwimarike okanye inxaxheba kwimimiselo yayo epheleleyo, kuba oku kunokuchaphazela inani labathengisi, kunye nomthamo wemveliso kwimarike, leyo ibonakala ngokukhawuleza kwintengo nganye kwiimpahla.

Nangona kunjalo, kubonakala ngathi, iimeko ezifanelekileyo zokuqhuba ishishini, ezininzi iingcali zikholelwa ekubeni kwiimeko zangempela, ukhuphiswano olugqibeleleyo aluyi kuhlala ixesha elide kwimarike. Imizekelo, eqinisekisa amagama abo, zenzeke ezininzi kwiimbali. Ekugqibeleni, umakethi waba ngu-oligopoly, okanye omnye uhlobo lokuncintisana olungaphelelekanga.

Ukukhuphisana okupheleleyo kungakhokelela ekunciphiseni

Oku kubangelwa kukuba ekuhambeni kwexesha kukho ukuhla kwehla rhoqo kwixabiso. Kwaye ukuba abantu behlabathi belikhulu, ngoko ubuchwepheshe bubukhulu kakhulu. Kwaye ngokukhawuleza kamva amabhizinisi aya kufaka ukuba yonke impahla ehleliweyo kunye nayo yonke inkqubo yokuvelisa iya kuphuculwa, kwaye ixabiso liya kusala ngenxa yokuzama ukukhuphisana nemakethi enkulu.

Kwaye oku kuya kubakho ekusebenzeni kwinqanaba lekhefu-okanye kwinqanaba okanye phantsi kwalo. Londoloza imeko ingaba nefuthe kuphela ngaphandle kwemarike.

Iinkalo eziphambili zokhuphiswano olugqibeleleyo

Siyakwazi ukwahlula ezi zinto zilandelayo ukuba imakethi yokukhuphisana ngokugqibeleleyo kufuneka:

- inani elikhulu labathengisi okanye abenzi bemveliso. Okokuthi, yonke imfuno ekhoyo kwiimarike akufanele ihlanganiswe ngamanye amashishini amaninzi, njengoko kwimeko yokuzimela kunye ne-oligopoly;

- iimveliso kuloo marike kufuneka zifanelane okanye ziguquguquke. Kuyaqondwa ukuba abathengisi okanye abakhiqizi bavelisa iimpahla ezinjalo, ezinokuthi zitshintshwe ngokupheleleyo yimveliso yabanye abathathi-nxaxheba bemarike;

- Ixabiso lihlelwe kuphela ngeemarike kwaye kuxhomekeke ekunikezeni kunye nemfuno. Ixabiso akufanele lichatshazelwe okanye likarhulumente, okanye ngabathengisi abathile okanye abavelisi. Ixabiso lempahla kufuneka lichongwe ngeendleko zemveliso, izinga lemfuno, kunye nokubonelela;

- akufuneki kubekho izithintelo zokuphuma okanye ukungena kwimarike yokhuphiswano olugqibeleleyo. Imizekelo ingahluka kakhulu kwimiba yoshishini elincinci, apho iimfuno ezizodwa ezingadalwanga kunye neelayisenisi ezizodwa azidingeki: i-workshop, iinkonzo zokulungisa izihlangu, njl.;

- akufuneki kubekho neminye imiphumo kwimarike evela ngaphandle.

Ukukhuphisana okugqibeleleyo kunqabile kakhulu

Ehlabathini lenene, asikwazi ukunikela imizekelo yeefemu zokhuphiswano olugqibeleleyo, kuba akukho marike esebenza phantsi kwemithetho enjalo. Kukho amacandelo asondelene kakhulu nakwiimeko zalo.

Ukufumana imimiselo enjalo, kubalulekile ukufumana ezo marike apho ishishini elincinci lisebenza khona. Ukuba imarike apho isebenza khona, unako ukungena nayiphi na inkampani, kwaye kulula ukuphuma kuyo, kwaye oku kukuphawu lokhuphiswano olunjalo.

Umzekelo wokuncintisana okugqibeleleyo nokungaphelelekanga

Ukuba sithetha ngokukhuphisana okungafezekanga, ummeli walo oqaqambileyo yiimarike ezizimeleyo. Amashishini asebenzayo kwimiqathango enjalo ayinayo inkuthazo yokuphuhlisa nokuphucula.

Ukongeza, zivelisa iimpahla ezinjalo kwaye zinikezela ngeenkonzo ezinokuthi zitshintshwe nayiphi na enye imikhiqizo. Oku kuchaza inqanaba lexabiso elilawulwa kakubi, elimiselwa yindlela engeyiyo yentengiso. Umzekelo weemarike ezinjalo unokuthiwa lilonke icandelo loqoqosho - imboni yeoli neyegesi, kunye nekampani elizimeleyo yiGazprom.

Umzekelo weemarike zokhuphiswano olugqibeleleyo ngumlinganiselo wokubonelela ngeenkonzo zokulungisa imoto. Kukho ii-SRTs ezahlukeneyo kunye nezitokhwe zokulungisa imoto zombini nakwezinye iindawo zokuhlala. Udidi kunye nenani lezenzo ezenziwayo ngokuqhelekileyo yonke indawo.

Akunakwenzeka ukuphakamisa ixabiso lempahla kummandla wezomthetho, ukuba kukho ukhuphiswano olugqibeleleyo kwimarike. Imizekelo eqinisekisa le nkcazo, bonke abantu babone ebomini babo ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwiimarike eziqhelekileyo. Ukuba omnye umthengisi wemifuno ephakamisa intengo yetamatisi ngama-ruble ayi-10, ngoxa umgangatho wabo ufana neyezokhuphiswano, ngoko abathengi baya kuyeka ukuthenga kuye.

Ukuba i-monopoly inokuchaphazela intengo ngokuzimela, ngokunyuka okanye ukunciphisa ukubonelela, ngoko ke le ndlela ayifanelekanga.

Ngokuncintisana ngokugqibeleleyo, awukwazi ukuphakamisa intlawulo ngokwakho, njengokuba ishishini elizimeleyo lingazenza

Ngenxa yenani elikhulu labakhuphiswano, akunakwenzeka ukuphakamisa intlawulo, kuba bonke abathengi baya kutshintshela ukuthenga iimpahla ezihambelana namanye amabhizinisi. Ngaloo ndlela, ishishini lingahle lilahlekelwe isabelo sayo semakethe, esiza kubandakanya nemiphumo engapheliyo.

Ukongeza, kwiimarike, kukho ukwehla kwamanani entengo ngabathengisi ngabanye. Oku kwenzeka kwizame "zokuphindaphinda" amasheya amatsha amatyala ekwandiseni izinga lokufumana imali.

Kwaye ukwenzela ukunciphisa amaxabiso, kuyimfuneko ukuchitha izinto ezincinci kunye nezinye izixhobo ekuveliseni iyunithi enye yemveliso. Olu tshintsho lunokwenzeka kuphela ngokuqaliswa kobuchwepheshe obutsha, ukulungiswa kwemveliso kunye nezinye iinkqubo ezinokunciphisa izinga leendleko zokwenza ibhizinisi.

ERashiya, iimarike ezikufuphi ukukhuphisana okuthe gqithanga aziphuculanga ngokukhawuleza

Ukuthetha ngeemakethi zasekhaya, ukhuphiswano olupheleleyo eRashiya, imizekelo yazo efunyenwe phantse kuzo zonke iindawo zeshishini elincinci, likhula ngezinga eliqhelekileyo, kodwa lingaba ngcono. Ingxaki ebalulekileyo yinkxaso ebuthakathaka yombuso, kuba imimiselo emininzi ijolise ekuxhaseni abavelisi abakhulu, abahlala bengama-monopolists. Okwangoku, inqanaba leshishini elincinci lihlala lingenalo ingqwalaselo ekhethekileyo kunye nenkxaso efunekayo.

Ukhuphiswano olugqibeleleyo, imizekelo yaloo nto ikhankanywe ngasentla, yindlela efanelekileyo yokukhuphisana ekuqondeni kwexabiso, ukunikezela kunye nokufuna imfuno. Kuba namhlanje nakulo nawuphi na uqoqosho lwehlabathi, akunakwenzeka ukufumana imarike enokuthi iyahambelana nazo zonke iimfuneko eziyimfuneko ukuba zigcine ukukhuphisana.