Amazwe Arabhu. EPalestina, Jordan, Iraq

Ihlabathi lwale mihla kwemiqathango zahlulo eziliqela, ebonakala ngu kwezinye izinto awohluke. iinkcubeko Koloni naseMpuma, yaseYurophu kunye Arabic baye yabo neAfrika "abophe." Namhlanje, igama elithi "amazwe Arab" libhekisela kurhulumente, uninzi lwabantu abathetha Arabic.

United Arab States

22 ezinjalo amazwe amanyene kumbutho ngamazwe - i uManyano Arab States. Le ndawo iyonke kummandla umiwe ngabantu abathetha Arabic, imalunga 13 million km ^2. Le ukubunjwa sise kwisiphambuka amazwekazi amathathu - Asia, eAfrika naseYurophu. Ngoko, amazwe Arab zimele phantse omnye Ibanga isithuba geocultural ukusuka nePersian Gulf ukuya Atlantic Ocean, inxalenye enkulu yabantu enemvelaphi Arabhu.

iimpawu yolwimi nenkcubeko

Eyona nto ephambili constitutive kwalo naliphi na ilizwe Arab ulwimi kunye nenkcubeko phambili rhoqo yayo. Namhlanje, umoya onjalo livulekile zababonisa kwabanye, ezifana ne-Indiya, Mongolian, Andalusian. Noko ke, abaninzi kakhulu iphenjelelwa ngamasiko aseNtshona.

inkolo

Ekuhlaleni Arab unqulo efana Islam, wenza indima ezimbini. Kwelinye icala, lumanyanisa Arabhu kubomi yoluntu kunye nezopolitiko, yaye kwelinye - yintoni unobangela isihlava kunye ungquzulwano nokuba exhobileyo phakathi abaxhasi imisinga ezahlukeneyo ngaphakathi. Kufuneka kuqondwe ukuba amazwe Arab kunye Muslim bengengabo izinto ezifanayo. Akukho zonke Arab ngamaSilamsi, amanye amahlelo zonqulo eziliqela ngaxeshanye Bahlala. Ukongeza, kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba kumazwe Muslim zezo apho uninzi Iwabemi akukho Arabhu.

Islam - yinto yenkcubeko enamandla, ngenxa apho, kunye nolwimi, kukho umanyano Arabhu, kodwa kwakhona walhule kwaye kunokubangela iimfazwe wamagazi.

amazwe Arab

Xa iyonke kukho 23 Arab, uluhlu leyo ithiwe thaca apha ngasezantsi:

• The Republic of Djibouti;
• Republic of Algeria;
• UBukumkani of Bahrain;
• Kingdom of kweYordan;
• Arab Republic of eYiputa;
• Republic of Yemen;
• The Republic of Iraq;
• Lebanese Republic;
• Union of the Comoros;
• State of Kuwait;
• The State of Qatar;
• WaseSiriya Arab Republic;
• State of Libya;
• I-Islamic Republic of Mauritania;
• UBukumkani of Morocco;
• United Arab Emirates (UAE) ;
• Oman;
• Saudi Arabia;
• The Republic of South Sudan;
• I-Federal Republic of Somalia;
• Republic of Tunisia;
• Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (Western Sahara);
• izimele of Palestine.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ayizizo zonke amazwe Arab, uluhlu oboniswe, amanye amazwe zibonakaliswa. Ngoko ke, i Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic elingelilo ilungu League of Arab States (i-LAS), ngokusemthethweni eyaziwayo kumazwe amahlanu kuphela. Abasemagunyeni eMorocco ukulawula uninzi nommandla wayo.

Ukongeza, i imeko basePalestina, ilungu le-Arab League, 129 States ezaziwayo. Kweli lizwe, eli ezimbini musa ukuba iindawo umda eqhelekileyo: eGaza Strip naseWest Bank.

amazwe Arab ngokwendawo yahlulwe amaqela amakhulu amathathu:

- Afrika (Maghreb);

- gum;

- Eastern Mediterranean.

Ukuzihlola ngokufutshane ngamnye kubo.

Arab amazwe e-Afrika, okanye Maghreb

Ngengqiqo ngokungqongqo Maghreb (i-West) zizo States kuphela ezise- ukuya ngasentshona waseYiputa. Namhlanje, Noko ke, ngokuqhelekileyo ababiziweyo onke amazwe North-Afrika Arab, ezifana Mauritania, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia kunye Algeria. Egypt ngokwayo na iziko, intliziyo ihlabathi Arab kwaye iyinxenye yohambelwano magribinskoj arc Omkhulu. Ngaphandle kwakhe, oko kuquka amazwe afana Morocco, Tunisia, Algeria, Mauritania, Libya kunye Western Sahara.

Amazwe Arabia

Usingasiqithi ngobukhulu planethi Arabiya. On kuba yingxenye enkulu kumazwe oyile. Umzekelo, i-UAE (United Arab Emirates), eyakhiwa ithi ezisixhenxe ezizimeleyo. Ukongeza, kuba endaweni yayo amanye amazwe ngokubhekiselele kwimveliso ye-oyile, Yemen, Saudi Arabia, Oman, Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar. Kumaxesha angaphambili, amazwe ime kwi-Arabhu Peninsula, wabonakala kuphela nje transshipment kunye amanqaku eliphakathi kwi iindlela zorhwebo ezikhokelela Iraq ne Iran. Namhlanje, ngenxa ukuvula phakathi kwenkulungwane lokugqibela, a zigcine ioli, ngamnye lamazwe Arab lommandla-Arabhu iye ubunzima bayo ezibalulekileyo yezopolitiko, zobuchule kunye noqoqosho.

Ukongeza, amazwe e Gulf, iziko nelembali imvelaphi kunye nophuhliso Islam, ukusuka apho lithe laqhenqetha kweminye imimandla.

Amazwe Eastern Mediterranean

To East Mediterranean mmandla Asian, ngokuba Mashriq, kuquka amazwe enjalo Arab East, njengoko Republic of Iraq, uBukumkani kweYordan, Syria, Libya, kwaye kuphela iwonga Palestine okuzimela. Mashriq - oku okoko kwasekwa kwi novalo ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini, uRhulumente kaSirayeli kakhulu Ndandingonwabanga, phantse rhoqo usilwa zone zehlabathi Arabhu. Ukutyhubela inkulungwane yamashumi amabini senzeka apha ngokusisigxina iimfazwe Arab-Israel futhi ungquzulwano. Makhe iinkcukacha ezithe vetshe kula mazwe eMpuma iMeditera, Iraq, Jordan nasePalestina.

The Republic of Iraq

Eli lizwe Arab ibekwe ezihlanjeni omEfrati neTigris, kuloo mmandla eMesopotamiya, kwaye yakuhlamba amanzi mpuma nePersian Gulf. It imingcele lizwe kunye Kuwait, Iran, Turkey, eSiriya, Saudi Arabia ukuba amkhaphele phesheya kweYordan. Emantla-mpuma of Iraq ibekwe Armenian kunye uplands Iranian, obubonakala ngokuba umsebenzi omkhulu seismic.

Country Iraq, nto leyo likomkhulu Baghdad - lizwe yesibini ngobukhulu Arab kummandla weMpuma lweMeditera noMbindi Mpuma, elinabemi abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-16.

A revolution ngo-1958 kwakhokelela kokuwa ukumkani kweli lizwe, kwaye ukusukela ngo-1963 namandla ngakumbi kwezopolitiko baqalisa ukuba azuze Arab Socialist Baath Party (PASV). Ngenxa yokulwa olukhuni gqira zenkulungwane yokugqibela, iqela wangumlawuli ngo-1979, ikhokelwa ngu-Saddam Hussein. Esi siganeko indima ebalulekileyo kubomi karhulumente. Yiyo le nkqubo ikwazile ukuphelisa zonke izitha zayo ukuseta imo kwamandla yileyo. Hussein ngu Lokuyekelela imigaqo-nkqubo yezoqoqosho kunye umanyano lwesizwe kwingcamango "utshaba oluqhelekileyo", wakwazi ukuqinisekisa ukukhula ethandwayo zabo baze babe namandla phantse angenasiphelo.

Phantsi kobunkokheli bakhe, Iraq ngo-1980 wabangela imfazwe nxamnye Iran, olwaqhubeka kwaze-1988. Ingongoma zatshintsha yaba 2003, xa mfelandawonye US-ekhokelwa baye benza Ukuhlaselwa Iraq, ngesiphumo apho wabulawayo Saddam Hussein. Imiphumo yale lihlaselwe ochaphazelekayo kude. Eli lizwe kanye ezinamandla sele yokubanga elikhulu, apho kungekho kwishishini eziphuhlileyo, kungekho luxolo.

I Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan

Emzantsi-ntshona Asia, ekupheleni ngentla-ntshona we-Arabhu Peninsula, ngakwintshona Iraq, nasezantsi Siriya Republic kubekwe uBukumkani kweYordan. Imephu weli lizwe ubonisa ngokucacileyo ukuba phantse yonke ummandla wayo iqulathe umhlaba entlango kunye neenduli ezahlukeneyo kunye neentaba. Jordan awabelana imida kunye Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Aram, uSirayeli kunye nommandla Palestine elizimeleyo. Eli lizwe ukufikelela kwi kuLwandle oluBomvu. I-capital state Amman. Ukongeza, ungakhetha imizi emikhulu - Zarqa kunye Irbid.

Ukususela ngowe-1953 ukuya 1999, de kwasekufeni kwakhe, ilizwe lalilawulwa Korol Huseyn. ubukumkani Namhlanje okhokelwa unyana wakhe - Abdullah II, na ummeli Hashemite ubukhosi kwaye kuthathwa ukuba abe ngomnye 43 kwisizukulwana lenzala uMprofethi Muhammad. Ngokuqhelekileyo, umlawuli kwihlabathi Arab akukho impembelelo encinane, Noko ke, amandla umlawuli kaThixo aseYordan ilawulwa yi-siseko kunye nePalamente.

Kunamhlanje nje ke cwaka kakhulu kuyo kummandla Arab East. Eyona ngeniso kweli lizwe kuzisa kwezokhenketho, kwakunye noncedo kwabanye, ngakumbi States Arabhu.

Palestine

Lo mmandla elizenzekelayo yasempuma kwiMeditera wenziwe non-ezikufutshane ezimbini ukuya kweminye imimandla nganye: eGaza ngakwimida amaSirayeli eYiputa, yaye i West Bank, nto leyo nje ukuya ngasempuma ukunxibelelana eYordan, nabo bonke abanye singqongwe endaweni Israel. Ngokwemiqathango uhlobo Palestine yahlulelwe kwii ariya ezininzi: esemazantsi echumayo elunxwemeni uLwandle lweMeditera ihewu esentabeni, akhiwe ukuya ngasempuma. Ngasempumalanga lizwe iqala emathafeni, leyo zize kwintlango yaseSiriya.

Ngowe-1988, emva kokuba inani yeemfazwe Arab-Israel futhi ukwala ngaseYordan neYiputa ubanga ukuba imimandla Palestine, iBhunga leSizwe namaPalestina isaziso ekudalweni geqe. Umongameli yokuqala okuzimela yaba edume Yasser Arafat, emva kokufa kwakhe, ngowe-2005, esi sithuba sele ezikhethiweyo kwaye ibekwe ngoku ngamandla, Mahmoud Abbas. Namhlanje eGaza, ngeerokethi na iqela elilawulayo, elafikayo ngamandla emva kokuphumelela unyulo kweli okuzimela. E West Bank ulawula yonke imeko Palestine National Authority.

Ubudlelwane phakathi Palestine noSirayeli zikwimeko sagxininisa kakhulu kwaye kwenziwa ngokusisigxina kulo ngeziqu exhobileyo. Imida urhulumente wasePalestina kunye phantse onke amaqela zilawulwa yimikhosi Israeli exhobileyo.