Jikelele nguDmitry Karbyshev, Hero eSoviet Union: A Biography. Feat General Karbysheva

Ikamva Hero eSoviet Union nguDmitry Karbyshev wazalwa ngo-1880 e-eOmsk. Waba imvelaphi yeengcungcu: uyise ukusebenza njengegosa yasemkhosini. Xa intloko ntsapho bafa, umntwana wayeneminyaka eli-12 kuphela ubudala yaye ekunyamekeleni yawa emagxeni nonina.

ebuntwaneni

Intsapho owned iingcambu Tatar yaye elilungu kwiqela zobuhlanga nonqulo Kryashens abathi Orthodox, nangona imvelaphi eTurkey. NguDmitry Karbyshev naye umzalwana omdala. Ngowe-1887 wabanjwa ngenxa inxaxheba mbuso lwabafundi University Kazan. UVladimir wabanjwa, yaye intsapho bafumana ngokwayo baxakekile.

Kunjalo, nguDmitry Karbyshev akwazi ukugqiba i Siberian yeCadet Corps ngenxa iitalente zabo kunye nemizamo. Emva eli ziko lemfundo bamlandela Nikolaev zobunjineli yesikolo. Kwakhona ijoni eliselula wazibonakalisa. Karbyshev wathunyelwa ukuya umda naseManchuria, apho waba njengomnye iintloko kule nkampani, inoxanduva telegraphy.

Le nkonzo kule umkhosi asebukhosini

Ngomhla olwandulela Russian-Japanese War, igosa abasezantsi wafumana isikhundla uLieutenant. Ukususela ekuqaleni imfazwe, nguDmitry Karbyshev wathunyelwa ukuba aphande. Wavula yonxibelelwano, onoxanduva imeko iibhulorho ngaphambili waza wathabatha inxaxheba kumadabi ezibalulekileyo. Ngenxa yoko, yena wazifumana kwi kwentshinyela kokuqhambuka kwemfazwe Mukden.

Emva kwemfazwe, yena gqaba wayehlala e Vladivostok, apho waqhubeka ekhonza kwi Ibutho. Ngowe-1908-1911 gg. igosa baqeqeshwa kwi-Nikolayev Military Engineering Academy. Wayigqiba, waya Brest-Litovsk njenge umthetheli, apho inxaxheba ekwakhiweni Brest Fortress.

Ekubeni le minyaka Karbyshev waba phezu imida yasentshona lizwe, yena wazifumana ngaphambili leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi ukususela kwimini yokuqala isaziso sayo. Uninzi ubomi yegosa ebibanjwe phantsi kwephiko odumileyo Alekseya Brusilova. Loo Front South-Western, apho eRashiya ilwa Austria-Hungary, abanezimo impumelelo. Umzekelo, Karbyshev inxaxheba kwedatha ngempumelelo Przemysl, kunye Brusilov nhlanganiso. Imihla yokugqibela imfazwe Karbyshev ezichithwa nomda eRomania, apho benza nokomelezwa kwizikhundla ukuzithethelela. Ekuhambeni kweminyaka emininzi ngaphambili, wakwazi ukuba shot emlenzeni, kodwa wabuyela nkqubo.

Ukuya kwi-Red Army

Ngo-Oktobha 1917, e Petrograd kombuso, emva koko iiBolsheviks weza ngamandla. Vladimir Lenin wayefuna ukuphelisa imfazwe Germany ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukuba batshintshe yonke imikhosi yazo ukulwa iintshaba yangaphakathi: intshukumo emhlophe. Ukuze wenze oku, oko baqalisa buvuvu omkhulu, ikhankasela amandla yiSoviet emkhosini.

Ngqo Karbyshev wazifumana ezintlwini Red Guard. Kuyo, waba babelungiselela imisebenzi ukuzithethelela nobunjineli. Ingakumbi ezininzi Karbyshev wenza kummandla iVolga, apho ngo-1918-1919. Wabaleka ke Eastern Front. Talent kunye nokukwazi ukuba yinjineli yanceda i-Red Army ukuzuza zintshula kuloo ngingqi kwaye siqhube phambili lwayo Urals. ukukhula umsebenzi Karbysheva eyazala kokuqeshwa 5 Army ye-Red Ibutho enye iindawo eziphambili. imfazwe yamakhaya, wayigqiba kwi eCrimea, apho waba uxanduva ngomsebenzi zobunjineli Perekop edibanisa usingasiqithi kunye nemisinga.

Phakathi the World Wars

Ngamaxesha uxolo 20 kunye 30 Karbyshev inxaxheba wobutitshala zezifundiswa zomkhosi wada waba ngunjingalwazi. Ngamaxesha athile, yena inxaxheba ekuphunyezweni kweeprojekthi zezibonelelo ebalulekileyo zokhuselo. Umzekelo, sithetha "Lines Stalin kaThixo".

Ukususela ekuqaleni kweMfazwe Russo-Finnish ngo-1939 Karbyshev wabonakala kwikomkhulu, apho wabhala iingcebiso sisuswa yama Mannerheim Line. Emva konyaka waba Lieutenant-Jikelele kunye Doctor of Sciences Military.

Ngexesha imisebenzi yakhe journalistic Karbyshev wabhala malunga 100 imisebenzi on zobunjineli. Ngokutsho iincwadi kunye nezixhobo zokufundisa walungisa iingcali ezininzi Red Army kude kube kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II. Ingakumbi ixesha elininzi eyayinikelwe isifundo Karbyshev umba jikelele ukukhawuleziswa nemilambo ngexesha ungquzulwano. Ngo-1940 waye wajoyina i-CPSU (b).

ekuthinjweni German

Kwiiveki ezimbalwa phambi kokuqalisa kweMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic, Jikelele Karbyshev wathunyelwa ukukhonza kwikomkhulu-3 Army. Waye e Grodno - kufutshane kakhulu emdeni. Kwaba apha ukuba izithonga zokuqala Wehrmacht zaye zathunyelwa xa June 22, 1941 waqala kuzanywa blitzkrieg.

Kwiintsuku ezimbalwa kamva kwikomkhulu lomkhosi kunye Karbyshev uhlaselwa ngaphambili nangesemva. Ukuzama ukubaleka kwibhoyila ayikho yimpumelelo, kwaye ngokubanzi wahlatywa kummandla Mogilev, kufutshane Dnieper River.

Kanye ekuthinjweni, naye eninzi kwiinkampu zoxinaniso, owokugqibela kwawo eMauthausen. Jikelele Karbyshev waba oyingcaphephe eyaziwayo kunye nakwamanye amazwe. Ngoko ke amaJamani ukusuka amaGestapo kunye SS wazama ezahlukeneyo ngeendlela ukuzuza ecaleni lakhe akukho gosa elide abasebatsha abadlula ulwazi olubalulekileyo kwikomkhulu German nokunceda Empire.

AmaNazi ayekholelwa ukuba kalula ukuba beyiseke Karbysheva ukusebenzisana nabo. Igosa wayevela asebukhosini, wakhonza kumkhosi tsarist iminyaka emininzi. Ezi iibhayografi iinkalo wayenokuthi Jikelele Karbyshev - abantu kwizichazi- yamaBolshevik izangqa ngovuyo wenze isivumelwano Reich.

igosa oneminyaka engama-60 ubudala izihlandlo eziliqela kwi ncoko enengcaciso kukhokelele kwabasemagunyeni abachaphazelekayo, kodwa indoda endala wala ukuba basebenzisane kunye amaJamani. ixesha nganye, ngokuzithemba wathi loyiso yiSoviet Union e-kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II kunye amaNazi boyisiwe. Akukho namnye isenzo sakhe akazange athi ukuba ibanjwa ezaphukileyo okanye ezilahlekileyo intliziyo.

in Hammelburg

Ngentwasahlobo yowama-1942 Karbyshev nguDmitry Mikhailovich sakhutshelwa Hammelburg. Yaba kwinkampu yoxinaniso ekhethekileyo zamagosa kuthinjwa. Apha ukuze adale iimeko zokuphila kakuhle ngolona hlobo. Ngenxa yoko, inkokheli waseJamani bazama lizuze amagosa aphezulu zodidi-mkhosi wotshaba, apho bafumana iwonga elikhulu ekhaya. Ngexesha lemfazwe e Hammelburg watyelelwa 18 lamawaka amabanjwa Soviet. Ngamnye kubo phezulu gaba emkhosini. Abaninzi wazidiliza emva kokushiya kwiinkampu yokufa , bafumana kwabona iindawo obutofotofo lula lokuvalelwa, apho incoko ubuhlobo ababekunye nabo. Kodwa Karbyshev nguDmitry Mikhailovich akazange acinge kunyango zengqondo utshaba waza wahlala enyanisekile eSoviet Union.

Kuba jikelele wafakwa umntu okhethekileyo - Colonel Pelit. Le igosa Wehrmacht ngexesha bakhonza empini Tsarist Russia, kunye nolwazi omhle ulwimi Russian. Ukongeza, yasebenza Karbyshevo ngethuba leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi e Brest-Litovsk.

umhlobo Old bazama ukufumana iindlela ezahlukeneyo ukuze Karbyshev. Ukuba wala intsebenziswano ngqo kunye Wehrmacht, ngoko Pelit wayinyusa uyayityeshela, umzekelo, ukuba sisebenze mbali uchaze imisebenzi yamajoni Red Army emfazweni yangoku. Noko ke, izindululo ezo akakwazi ukwenza kwi ligosa.

Loo nto inika umdla into yokuba ekuqaleni amaJamani ayefuna Karbyshev wema intloko Russian Liberation Army, nto leyo ekugqibeleni wakhokela General Vlasov. Kodwa rhoqo non-intsebenziswano wenza ishishini: i Wehrmacht washiya ingcamango yakhe. Ke kaloku, eJamani ziye elinde ubuncinane ukuba kwabakhonkxiweyo uyavuma ukusebenza eBerlin njengendlela Logistics specialist ezixabisekileyo.

e Berlin

Jikelele nguDmitry Karbyshev, ogama biography ubunjwe relocations esisigxina, engekazani iqhekeza enencasa Reich, kwaye amaJamani akazange alilahle ithemba ukufumana ulwimi eqhelekileyo kunye naye. Emva ukungaphumeleli Hammelburg ke liguqulelwe umntu omdala evalelwe yedwa eBerlin eyayibanjelwe apho kangangeeveki ezintathu ebumnyameni.

Oku kwenziwa ngenjongo ukukhumbuza Karbyshev ukuba abe lixhoba ngokunxunguphala nangaliphi na ixesha, ukuba awufuni ukuba basebenzisane kunye Wehrmacht. Ekugqibeleni, mna mbanjwa wathunyelwa umphandi okokugqibela. AmaJamani wacela uncedo enye ingcali kakhulu ehlonelwayo zobunjineli kwabo ukuya emkhosini. Yaba Heinz Rubengeymer. Le ingcali eyaziwa kakuhle kwixesha pre-imfazwe, njengoko Karbyshev, ukusebenza kwi ngodaba profile zabo ngokupheleleyo. NguDmitry Mikhailovich ngokwakhe wamphatha ngentlonipho eyaziwa ngokuba oyingcali ohloniphekileyo.

Rubengeymer wenza isigwebo sakhe sinzima unguwabo. Ukuba Karbyshev wavuma ukuba basebenzisane, yena wayekwazi kwigumbi lakhe abucala kunye nokhuseleko epheleleyo kwezoqoqosho ngenxa ebuncwaneni ngurhulumente waseJamani. Ukongeza, iinjineli zinika ukufikelela simahla kuwo onke amathala eencwadi kunye noovimba eJamani. Yena ezibandakanya zophando lethiyori okanye ukusebenza imifuniselo kwinkalo zobunjineli. Ngaloo ndlela Karbyshev bavunyelwe ukuba babuthe iqela leengcali-abancedisi. Igosa wayeza kuba Lieutenant-jikelele empini ngurhulumente waseJamani.

Karbysheva feat kukuba walahla zonke iingcebiso lotshaba, nangona ezinye iinzame gqolo kakhulu. Nxamnye naye wasebenzisa iindlela ngeendlela bokucenga: ngezikweko, Ekugudeni, izithembiso, njl Ekugqibeleni, yena wanikela umsebenzi kuphela theoretical ... Leyo Karbyshev nkqu ukuba bagxeke Stalin kunye neenkokheli Soviet. Yonke into obufunwa nguye - ukuba abe esinamazinyo abathobelayo kule nkqubo Wesithathu.

Phezu kwazo nje iingxaki zempilo, kunye yobudala umxhelo, Jikelele nguDmitry Karbyshev kunye eli xesha wathi ukwala ngokuqinileyo. Emva koko, inkokheli waseJamani kwanika phezulu kwaye icinywe njengendoda fanatically ityala esingelwe phantsi, ephothiweyo of Bolshevism. Sebenzisa aba bantu ukulungiselela iinjongo zabo Empire abakwazanga.

Ukuze yomsebenzi onzima

Karbysheva of Berlin wathunyelwa Flossenburg - kwinkampu yoxinaniso, apho alawulwa odolo ngenkohlakalo, yaye amabanjwa ngaphandle impilo kokuphazanyiswa ibhokisi sisebenza nzima. Yaye ukuba umsebenzi onjalo, ndayihluthwa iintsalela zemikhosi amabanjwa abaselula, ungabona ukuba njani nzima Karbysheva abadala, nto leyo esele asixhenxe.

Noko ke, bahlalise Flyussenbyurge nganye akazange akhalaze ulawulo iintente ebugxwayibeni. Emva kwemfazwe, i eSoviet Union waqonda amagama heroes, ungaphulwa kwiinkampu zoxinaniso. Ukuziphatha abangamatsha-jikelele waxelela amabanjwa abaninzi abaye batyelela naye eminye imisebenzi. NguDmitry Karbyshev, feat-mthetho yonke imihla, uye abe ngumzekelo ukuyilandela. Wafaka nethemba phantsi amabanjwa.

Ngenxa izakhono zobunkokeli Jikelele zidluliselwe ukusuka kwinkampu omnye komnye, kangangokuba akukho egxobhekile iingqondo namanye amabanjwa. Ngoko ke wayehamba lonke eJamani, njengoko amabanjwa kweshumi ngoko nangoko "mveliso yokufa".

Qho ngenyanga, iindaba ezivela ngaphambili yaba yingozi ngobunkokheli German. Emva koloyiso Stalingrad, i-Red Army ekugqibeleni wathabatha inyathelo ezandleni zabo baza baqalisa counteroffensive kwicala yasentshona. Xa ngaphambili wasondela imida pre-imfazwe eJamani, laqalisa ngobungxamo ongxamisekileyo kwiinkampu zoxinaniso. Abasebenzi wamcinezela phakathi kwabakhonkwixeyo, waza ke wabalekela ezweni. Lo mkhuba ngokubanzi.

Kubulawa e eMauthausen

Ngowe-1945 nguDmitry Karbyshev waba kwinkampu yoxinaniso ebizwa yaseMauthausen. Austria, apho lalikhona eli ziko embi, lahlaselwa ngumkhosi yiSoviet.

Kuba ukhuseleko webhsayithi isoloko stormtroopers SS uxanduva. Yaba abo bakhokelwa kwabulawa amabanjwa. Ebusuku, Februwari 18, 1945, baye eziqokelelwe malunga amabanjwa eziliwaka, ekwakukho phakathi Karbyshev. Yaye amabanjwa Ambhunyula kwaye ithunyelwe iishawa, apho zaba phantsi imijelo yamanzi ngumkhenkce. Lahla kwamaqondo kukhokelela ekubeni abaninzi abavumi nje ngentliziyo.

Amabanjwa abasindayo iseshoni yokuqala ka nxaniso, anikwe yangaphantsi nokundulula entendelezweni. Ngaphandle kwaba sezulu frosty. Amabanjwa azibophe kumaqela amancinane. Kungekudala baza baqalisa Ndimthulule umbhobho umlilo manzi ice-ebandayo. Jikelele Karbyshev emi esihlweleni, wabongoza eqhotyoshelweyo uze ubonise akukho ubugwala. Abanye bazama ukubaleka kude waziqhubela Jets aqumbe. Babebanjwe, wabethwa truncheons baza babuyela endaweni. Ekugqibeleni, phantse bonke babulawa, kuquka nguDmitry Karbyshev. Wayeneminyaka eli-64 ubudala.

uphando Soviet

Imizuzu yokugqibela yobomi Karbysheva yaziwa kwi Bulelani ekhaya ubungqina Canadian Major, ngubani bakwazi ukusinda busuku ze kwabulawa amabanjwa eMauthausen.

imvuthuluka eqokelelwe ulwazi malunga bayahlelwa Jikelele abathinjiweyo wathetha ngenkalipho elibalaseleyo kunye nokuzinikela emsebenzini. Ngo-Agasti 1946, ukuba kokufa wawongwa ibhaso kakhulu welizwe - isihloko Hero eSoviet Union.

Kwixesha elizayo, urhulumente yonke yali wavula zodumo njengentlonipho yokumbulela. Kubalulekile kwakhona igama Jikelele ebizwa lwezitrato. Le lesikhumbuzo iphambili Karbyshev ngokuqinisekileyo kummandla eMauthausen. Xa isayithi ye yesikhumbuzo yavulwa inkampu yoxinaniso abafileyo nasiphako ahlukunyezwe. Oku kulapho kukho ilitye lesikhumbuzo. Heroes kweMfazwe Patriotic Enkulu eSoviet Union esikufumanayo nezikhundla zabo kule jikelele obungenakuzanyazanyiswa.

umfanekiso yakhe zithandwa kakhulu ngemva kwempi. Isibakala sokuba uninzi iinjengele, wabanjwa kwiinkampu zoxinaniso ukuba, kunzima ukwenza amaqhawe eli lizwe. ngenkani Abaninzi kubo wagxothelwa emva ekhaya, kunye neshumi elinesibini ngakumbi zinganakwa. Umntu hung kunjalo Vlasov, abanye kwi Gulag ngamacala ubugwala. Stalin ngokwakhe efuna yomfanekiso ehlambulukileyo hero, nto leyo ibe ngumzekelo izizukulwana ezizayo Wezomkhosi.

Zahamba kakuhle ukuba indoda Karbyshev. igama lakhe idla kubaneka kumaphepha-ndaba. Popular waba nguDmitry Karbyshev kule ncwadi; ngokuba yabhalwa imisebenzi emininzi. Umzekelo, Sergei Vasilyev, elingcwele, umbongo Jikelele "Isidima". Enye ibanjwa eMauthausen, uYuri Pilar, waba yimbangi ngobomi imifanekiso "Bekani" igosa.

abasemagunyeni eSoviet bazama kangangoko ukuba immortalize feat Karbysheva. Xa amaxwebhu NKVD efanayo declassified abonisa ukuba uphando lokufa kwakhe kuthwalelwa phandle kamsinya kwi-odolo ezivela ngasentla. Ngokomzekelo, kubonakala Canadian ezingundoqo St. Clair (wokuqala) baba azingqinelani kunye ayichananga. Ukususela oko abazange baqaphele iinkcukacha ezininzi ngobomi ngoko yene Karbysheva.

St. Clair, kubungqina egama bayahlelwa jikelele ungasekhoyo, wafa kwiminyaka embalwa emva kwemfazwe evela kwezempilo zonakale. Xa abaphandi Soviet wambuza, wayesele abagulela ukufa. Noko ke, ngo-1948 wagqiba umbhali Novogrudski incwadi esemthethweni enikelwe biography Karbysheva. Kuyo, wongezelela lukhulu izibakala malunga apho St. Clair nokuyiphatha.

Ngaphandle ayithobe ukuziphatha abangamatsha-iinjengele, urhulumente waseSoviet bazama ukuvala amehlo abo ukuba isiphelo namanye amagosa aphezulu zodidi yomkhosi, lowo ke batyakatywa kwabulawa nasemagumbini sentuthumbo ye amaGestapo. Phantse bonke baye amaxhoba ukungahoywa "abangcatshi" kunye "iintshaba"-nkqubo Stalin kaThixo.