Indawo ye-Geographical position yaseNtshona Siberia. Uqoqosho lweNtshona yaseSiberia

ISiberia yaseNtshonalanga yiyona ndawo ephakamileyo ukusuka kuLwandle lwaseKara ukuya kwi-steppes yaseKazakhstan. Lo mmandla uhlanganiswe ngamahlathi kunye namanxweme ngama-60% kwaye unobuncwane obuncwane kunye nobuncedo. Ziziphi iimpawu eziphambili zeendawo zaseNtshonalanga zaseSiberia? Ziziphi iimbumba ezichithwe apha? Yaye indawo yiphi indawo ehlala kuyo kwinkqubo yezoqoqosho yaseRussia?

I-Siberia yaseNtshona: indawo yokuhlala kwendawo

INtshona yeSiberia yinkalo enkulu kunazo zonke ngokweendawo ezifaniswa namazwe afana neArgentina okanye iNdiya. Itholakala kwiindawo ezimbini (iRashiya neKazakhstan). Isikhundla sendawo yeNtshona Siberia sibonakala ngezixhobo ezinobuninzi. Zeziphi na?

Indawo yokuhlala yaseNtshonalanga yaseSiberia ichaza indawo yendawo enxulumene neendlela ezinkulu zokunceda, imilambo emikhulu, ulwandle, iindawo zasemhlabeni, njl. Ummandla welula ukusuka enyakatho ukuya eningizimu malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-2500. Ukususela entshonalanga ukuya empuma, ubukhulu bayo buhluka ukusuka ku-1000 km kwingxenyana esenyakatho ukuya kwi-2,000 km kwingxenye esezantsi.

Ukuthetha ngemida yalo mmandla, indawo ye-Western Siberia iya kuba ngolu hlobo: ngasenyakatho ummandla uya emanxwemeni oLwandle lwaseKara, kwaye ngasemzantsi kunqunywe ngamathambeka aseKazakh melkosopochnik. Umda osentshonalanga uhamba kunye neentaba ze-Urals, kwaye umda wasempumalanga uhamba kunye noMlambo waseYenisei. Kumazantsi-mpuma, iNtshona Siberia iphakama ngokukhawuleza, idlulele kwiindawo ezinqumlayo kwiAltai naseVuznetsk Alatau.

Yintoni enye iNtshona Siberia inomdla? Indawo yeendawo ezikulo mmandla ibonakaliswe yinyaniso yokuba lilele phantse kwigama elifanayo leNxweme yaseNtshonalanga yaseSiberia. Yona ithafa elikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, uhlala kwindawo engama-2.6 yezigidi zeemitha zesikwere. Km.

Endaweni yalo, iNtshona Siberia ihlala malunga ne-15% yommandla waseRashiya. Apha ahlala ngaphaya kwe-10% yabantu baseRussia (abantu abayizigidi ezili-14.6). Inani labantu lijoliswe ikakhulu kwinxalenye esemzantsi yalo mmandla. Ngaphandle kwemida yeNtshona Siberia, kukho iinxalenye ezi-11 ze-Russian Federation, iNorth-Kazakhstan oblast (ngokupheleleyo) kunye nemimandla ethile kwezinye iindawo zaseKazakhstan. Iidolophu ezinkulu kunommandla zi-Omsk, Novosibirsk, Tyumen, Barnaul, Kustanai naseNizhnevartovsk.

INtshona Siberia: umboniso omfutshane kunye nomhlaba

Ummandla uhlala kwindawo yezulu yelizwekazi, eyahlula kwiintlanzi ezinhlanu, ukusuka kwi-tundra ngasentla ukuya kwi-steppe esezantsi. Ebusika, ukushisa komoya kuya kufinyelela -30 ... -40 degrees, ehlobo zivela kwi -10 ukuya kwi -20. Kwixesha elifudumeleyo, amanxweme aseVasyugan adlala indima enkulu ye-air conditioner, umphumo wokupholisa ofikelela phantse kuwo wonke iNtshona Siberia.

Zonke iindawo zamanzi zommandla zithwala amanzi abo kwiLwandle laseKara. I-Ob kunye ne-Irtysh yinkqubo enkulu yomlambo yeNtshona Siberia. Enye imilambo emikhulu yiPur, uTom, iTobol, i-Chulym, iTaz, i-Biya ne-Nadym. Kwimihlathi yaseSiberia yaseNtshona, kukho imithi engama-40 kunye neentlobo ezingama-230 ze-shrub. Izilwanyana zasemaphandleni nazo zizityebi: malunga neentsholongwane eziyi-100 zezilwanyana ezincelisayo, iintlobo ezingama-350 zeentaka kunye neentlobo ezingama-60 zeebhon.

Ubume obuhlukile eNtshona Siberia bukhuselwe kwiindawo ezininzi zokugcina. Omdala wabo, uYugansk, wasungulwa ngowe-1982. Iintlobo zezilwanyana eziluhlu olubomvu zilondolozwe apha - ukhozi lwegolide, i-white-tailed ukhozi, isitrogiki omnyama nabanye.

Iimpawu zokhuseleko lwaseNtshona Koloni

Njengoko sele sele khankanywe ngasentla, inxalenye ephambili yendawo yeendawo ihlala kwi-Plain yaseSiberia yaseNtshonalanga, ebonakala ngokubonakalayo kumaphu amaphepha. I "sandwiched" phakathi kweentaba zase-Ural kunye ne- Central Central plateau. I-Plain ifakwe ngokwasemacaleni ngamacandelo amabini ngama-Uvals aseSiberia - intaba eneemitha eziphezulu ezingama-200-300.

Isakhiwo sonke se-ogragraphic sihlala kwi-eponymous plate kunye nesiseko sobudala bePaleozoic. Ukusuka ngasentla, lesi siseko sivaliwe yimali e-Mesozoic enamandla, i-Paleogene kunye ne-Quaternary. Ubungakanani beli qale lifikelela kumawaka angama-6! Iplani yaseSiberia yaseNtshonalanga iqulethe kakhulu i-shales, udongwe, iisanti kunye namatye esanti.

Ummandla weNtshona Koloni eSiberia awunakwahlukiyo ngokwahlukileyo kweemeko ekuphakameni. Sekunjalo, ukukhululeka kwalo mmandla kunzima kakhulu. Apha kukho amaphahla kunye namathafa, kunye neentlambo ezinqabileyo, kunye neentlanzi ezinemihlaba encinane.

Imimandla yemvelo yeNtshona Siberia

Ukucandwa kwendawo yangasemva kubonakala ngokucacileyo kwimida. Kukho imihlaba emihlanu yemvelo, imida yayo ithathelwe indawo ngokuchanekileyo ngokuchanekileyo:

• Tundra.
• Ihlathi leTundra.
• Taiga.
• Ihlathi lehlathi.
• I-steppe.

I-tundra engapheliyo kunye neengqungquthela kunye neengonyama zihlala kwiindawo ezisemantla ezisenyakatho eNtshona Siberia (i-Gydansky neYamal peninsula ). Emazantsi ityunjwa yi-tundra ehlathini, apho izikhonkwane zeembogi, amahlathi kunye namahlathi alula zidibeneyo.

Ummandla wehlathi (okanye i-taiga) phantse kwindawo engama-kilometer eyi-kilometer phakathi kwama-55 no-66 degrees omntla. Indawo ephawulekayo yelo mhlaba yihlathi elimnyama elinamaqabunga e-fir, i-spruce kunye nemisedare. Kukho amahlathi kunye ne-birch-aspen.

Umzantsi wehlathi le-taiga uqala. Nanku uphawu lwayo oluthile luyinani elikhulu lamachibi esetyuwa. Kwimizantsi le mimandla yendalo ithathelwa indawo yecala. Ukongeza kwimihlaba yamaclassi, apha kukho iipine ribbon burs. Bakhele ezihlalweni zamanzi amaqabunga amandulo.

Imithombo yendalo kunye neemaminerali zommandla

Ubutyebi bemvelo balo mmandla buhluke kakhulu. INtshona Siberia ivelisa ngaphezu kwe-70% yeRashiya yokuveliswa kwamafutha kunye ne-10% yemithi. Kulapha apho inkunkuma enamandla kunayo yonke ioli kunye negesi evelisa ilizwe.

Ukongeza kwesoyela kunye negesi yendalo, eNtshona Siberia kunezibonelelo ezininzi zelahle, i-peat kunye netyuwa. Nangona kunjalo, kunzima kakhulu ukuqonda ubuncwane bemithombo yamaminerali yommandla. Emva kwakho konke, uMama Wendalo uthembele ngokuqinisekileyo idipozithi zengingqi ngoncedo lwehlabathi oluqingqiweyo kunye neempampu ezingenakunceda. Ebusika, abasebenzi banqandwa ngamaqabunga kunye nemimoya, ehlobo - imihlambi yamangqamu egazi.

Esinye isityebi esikhulu nesingapheliyo saseNtshonalanga yaseSiberia ngamanzi ayo. Ukongezelela kwiindawo ezininzi zamanzi kunye nemilambo emitsha, ummandla sele ufumene indawo enkulu yokugcina amanzi. Ukususela kumaxesha amandulo, amachibi aseSiberia anike abantu abantu ngeentlanzi, kunye namahlathi ngeenkuni kunye nemithi.

Ubume bezoqoqosho kunye neendawo zendawo

Indawo yokuhlala yeNtshona Siberia (EGP) ixhomekeke kakhulu, ngakwesinye icala, ngokuxinwa kweengxowankulu zephalafuthi yehlabathi, nangakolunye uhlangothi ngokusondelelana kweendawo zokusetyenziswa kwezi zixhobo zamanzi. Kulapha apho ukuhamba kweempahla ezinkulu zeoli kunye negesi zenziwa, zijoliswe ikakhulu ngasentshonalanga.

Enye into ebalulekileyo kwimeko yezoqoqosho kunye neendawo zaseNtshona-Siberia yimeko efanelekileyo yokuthutha kule ndawo. Iipayipi ngokukhawuleza kwaye ngokuthe ngqo zihambisa ioli ne-gesi e-Siberia kumazwe aseCIS, eMpuma naseNtshona Yurophu. Ngasentshonalanga, ummandla uphawula ngokuthe ngqo kummandla we-Ural oshishino, kwaye ngasezantsi unokufikelela kwimida kaRhulumente yaseKazakhstan, eMongolia naseTshayina.

Kukho izinto ezimbini ezingekho phantsi kwe-EGP entshona yaseSiberia:

1. Izimo zendalo kunye neemeko zemozulu, ezibaluleke kakhulu kunye nokwandisa indleko yokuveliswa kwemithombo yamandla asekuhlaleni.
2. Ubude obude bomda kunye neKazakhstan, apho kwiindawo ezininzi ezihlala zingekho.

Iimpawu zoqoqosho lwaseNtshona Siberia

Kule ngxenye yelizwe kubelwe ummandla wezoqoqosho waseNtshona Siberia. Imida yawo imingcele ihambelana ngqo nemida yemvelo yendawo ekubhekiselele kuyo.

Uqoqosho lwaseNtshona Koloni lwaseSiberia lusekelwe kwimveliso yeoli kunye neyegesi, i-forestry kunye ne-chemical industry, kunye ne-agro-industrial complex with the predominance of farming grain. Kodwa okokuqala, iNtshona yeSiberia iyisiseko esibalulekileyo seoli yelizwe. Kwi-Omsk enye yezinto zokucocwa kwezona zinto zilungileyo kwiRashiya isebenza. Ubunzulu bokusetyenziswa kwe "golide emnyama" apha kufika kuma-80%. Iimithombo zamandla eziveliswe kummandla nazo ziqhutyelwa eTobolsk.

E-Ntshonalanga yaseSiberia, ubunjineli baye baphucula. Amaziko amakhulu kweli shishini agxininiswe kwi-Omsk, kwingingqi yaseNovosibirsk nakwi-Altai Territory. Kwimimandla sivelisa i-looms, izixhobo zamandla kunye namalahle, ama-boilers, i-injini neenqwelo zokuhamba.

Isiphelo

Ngoku uyazi izinto ezikhethiweyo zendawo yaseNtshonalanga yaseSiberia. Imida yemvelo yalo mmandla yiNtaba ze-Ural (ngasentshonalanga), uMlambo waseYenisei (empuma), uLwandle lweKara (ngasenyakatho) kunye nemithambeka yaseKazakh Melkosopochnik (ngasentla).

Ubume bezoqoqosho kunye neendawo zeNtshona Siberia ngokubanzi kunenzuzo, nangona kunamanye amanqaku abuthathaka.