Izimo ukuba ugonyo: uluhlu. Imigomo ukukwenza oko okanye akunjalo?

Abazali abaninzi banesifo sokugonywa ngokukhawuleza. Oogqirha, kwakhona, bamangaliswa yile ndlela yokuziphatha.

Musa ukungcola okanye cha

Abazali banamhlanje basebenzisa ixesha elininzi kwiintanethi zentlalo nakwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Bafunda ulwazi ngokungakhethiyo kwaye bathathe oko bakufundayo ngenyaniso. Kwaye abazange bacinge ukuba uninzi lwengcaciso engalunganga malunga nokugonywa abanikezayo ayinayo imfundo yezokwelapha, okanye ezinye izinto zithonya amava abo, umzekelo, ukungabikho komzimba okufihliweyo kumgqirha.

Kukho noogqirha abaye bafumana idiploma zabo kungekhona ulwazi. Ukudibana kunye noogqirha banokulimaza umntwana omnye, kwaye ngenxa yoko abaninzi baya kunqanda kwi-inoculations. Kufanelekile ukukhumbula ukuba wonke umntwana uhlukile kwaye akayi kunyamezela ukugonywa ngendlela efanayo nabantwana bamelwane okanye abahlobo.

Ukubuza malunga nokuba awuyi kugonywa, abazali abaninzi banomdla wokuphendula. Bakholelwa ukuba izifo ezigonywayo azikwazi ukusuleleka. Emva kwakho konke, kwiintsuku zethu, izifo ezibangelwa yimingcipheko ayiphumeli kakhulu ngenxa yokugonywa.

Nangona kunjalo, lesi sifo sinokuvela kwicala elingalindelekanga. Inokuthi iveliswe ngugogo ukusuka e-Indiya okanye kummelwane ovela kwiintolongo. Umntwana unokusuleleka kwi-sandbox. Emva koko, ngaphandle kwabantwana, kuchitha ixesha leekati neenja ezijongene nendlala.

Izitofu ezenziwe ngabaqeqeshi zinokuba nemiphumo emibi, kodwa ziya kuba zilimaza kakhulu kunezifo ezidlulisiweyo. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba umntwana ubonisa ukungabikho komzimba kwiqumrhu leziyobisi, kuya kutshintshwa ngokulula ngaphezu kwemasisi.

Abazali abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba ukugonywa kumasisi kunokukhokelela ekuphuhliseni i- autism kumntwana. Iingcali zenzululwazi ngo-2005 ziye zafakazelwa ukuba i-autism kunye neigonywa azikho ubudlelwane. Le ngcamango engaqondakaliyo ingabonakala kwiingcamango ze-intanethi.

Okubi nakakhulu kwimpilo yentsana inokuchaphazeleka sisifo sesisu, isifo sofuba okanye i-rubella. I-Poliomyelitis, ihlupheke ngumntwana, inokubangela ukuqala kokukhubazeka. I-Tetanus, enokusuleleka ngenxa yesigqatshana okanye ukutyumla, sisifo esibulalayo.

Ukungqinelani rhoqo

Uluhlu lweengqinisiso zokugonywa lukwahlula kwiindidi ezimbini. Ukuchaswa kokuqala. Iigonti zichazwe ngokungqongqo kwizigulane ezinezifo ezinjenge-HIV, ukukhulelwa kwamagciwane, izidumbu ezibi kakhulu.

Oku kubandakanya izigulane ezineempendulo ezingalunganga kwiqondo elidlulileyo leziyobisi - ukushisa okungenani ama-40 degrees okanye i-edema. Ezi ziqendu, kunye nokukhulelwa, nazo zichasene nokugonywa.

Ukuchaswa kwexeshana

Udidi lwesibini lubandakanya ukuchasana okwethutyana kubantwana. Ezi zingqinisiso ngenxa yokutshatyalaliswa kwezifo ezinzulu. Ezi ziquka ubanda kunye nezifo zomathumbu. Ukususela kumzuzwana wokubuyiselwa ngexesha lokugonya, ubuncinane ubuncinane iintsuku eziyi-14.

Xa kuvunyelwene nogqirha, eli xesha lingenwe kwiiveki ezingama-6 okanye linciphise kwiveki e-1. Ukukhwehlela ukukhanya kunye neempumlo ze-pitny azibheki njengengqinano. Abazali baqaphele ukuba bangagonyanga ngeli xesha. Nangona kuphela ugqirha onokumisela okanye ukukhansela isitofu.

Ukugqithisa kwezifo ezingapheliyo kubangelwa ukukhanselwa kwexeshana, kodwa akukho ndlela iphikisana ngayo nokugonywa. Ngaphambi kokugonywa, jonga iiveki ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-4 ukuxolelwa. Isizathu sesithathu kukunyuswa kwe-plasma okanye igazi.

Ukuchasene okwenyaniso kunye nobuxoki

Ukungqinelana kokugonywa kunokwenziwa ukwahlukana nokunyaniseka. Uluhlu lweenkcazo ezingamanga lubanzi. Ezi ziquka:

1. Ukuqhaqhaqhaqha kwabantwana. Le nto ibalulekile kuphela kwi-BCG ukuba umntwana wazalwa enesisindo esingaphantsi kwe-2 kg.
2. Ukuphazamiseka kwemvelo kunye nokungondleki.
3. Ubukho besifo esiqatha ngaphandle kokushisa kunye nohlobo olubi .
4. Dysbacteriosis. Yonke into incike kwisizathu sokuba ahlasele. Ukuba kubangelwa ukuthatha i-antibiotiki, okokuba isitofu sokugonya silibazisekile size siphumelele ngokupheleleyo. Ukuphambukiswa okuncinci kwesigxina kwizinto eziqhelekileyo kwezinye izizathu akunakukwazi ukuphazamisa izitofu. Ngexesha elifanayo, isifo sohudo sisisombululo esinzima sokususwa kwegciwane kuze kube yilapho uphiliswa ngokupheleleyo.
5. Iimeko ezizinzileyo zeengxaki. Ezi ziquka abantwana abane-Down syndrome, abane-cerebral palsy, nemiphumo yokulimala nezinye izifo ezifanayo.
6. Ukungasebenzi kwama-Congenital kunye nezifo ezingapheliyo , kunye nezinye izikhombisi.

Zonke ezi zingentla zingqiniswanga zokugonywa zisetyenziswa kwiinyaniso. Izifo zinokuthintela ngokugonywa. Umzekelo wokuqala ubanda. Emva koko, umkhuhlane kunye nokuguqulwa kwawo kungaholela kwimiphumo emibi kakhulu. Oku kusebenza kubabini nakubantu abadala.

"Grippol": izibonakaliso kunye nokuchasene

Kuloo gonyo, kukho iindidi ezininzi zeigciwane. Enye yazo igonyamelo "Grippol". Ilinomqondiso wokusetyenziswa kwaye, ngokuqinisekileyo, ukuchasene.

Oogqirha bacebisa ukuba basebenzise isitofu sokugonywa kwabantwana, abantwana besikolo kunye nabadala abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-60. Emva kwakho konke, banokungathi banokukhuselwa kwezifo ezahlukahlukeneyo. Kwaye xa kuvela iingxaki, zinzima kunabanye abantu.

Iqela le sibini, elicebisa ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi, abantu banelungelo lokufumana izifo ezahlukahlukeneyo. Izifo zingaya kwisiteji esingapheliyo kwaye zikhokelela kwimiphumo emibi.

Inxalenye yesithathu ngabantu abasengozini yokuphuhlisa izifo ngokwemisebenzi yabo. Ezi ziquka oogqirha, abasebenzi bezentlalo, ootitshala, inkonzo kunye nabasebenzi bezorhwebo.

Ukungqinisiswa kwezonyango zokugonywa kubandakanya:

• Ukuguqulwa kwamanzi kwinqanaba leziyobisi;
• Ixesha lokuxhatshazwa kwezifo ezingapheliyo;
• Ukuphendulwa kwamanye amayeza kwiqela elinye;
• Ixesha lokubanda kunye neengxaki zamathumbu.

I-Grippol: I-Pros and Cons

Abantu abaninzi bacinga, nokuba benze inoculation okanye ungenza ngaphandle kwayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isitofu sokugonywa "Grippol" kuya kunceda ukulimaza ngokuthe rhoqo okanye ukuphelisa ngokupheleleyo ukhuseleko. Ukuba eso sifo sinokukunqoba umqobo kwaye ungene emzimbeni, ngoko kuya kuhamba lula. Ubungakanani benkxalabo kule meko kuncitshiswa ukuya kutsho.

Kodwa, ngakwelinye icala, kungekudala iintsholongwane zihamba ngokukhawuleza kwaye zihlala ziguqulwa, ngoko akunakwenzeka ukuqagela ukuba yintoni umkhuhlane oza kuthukuthela. Ngenxa yoko, ukugonywa akunakunceda. Kunokwenzeka ukuba uphinde ugule xa ukugonywa kungenziwanga kwangaphambili kodwa ekuqaleni kwentsholongwane okanye ekuphakameni kwayo.

Ikhalenda lokugoma

Ngokukodwa, zonke izitofu zenziwa ebuntwaneni. Isikolo ngasinye sezingane sinetafile yokugoma. Iluhlu lwexesha lokugonya.

Ukuba umntwana udlalwa kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezifo, kufuneka agonywe kwizifo ezibangelwa intonga ye-hemophilic. Intonga enjalo ingabangela izifo ezibi kakhulu, ezifana:

• I-meningitis enobuchule;
• Otitis media;
• Osteomyelitis;
• Pneumonia nabanye.

Imihla ibalwe. Ngokuchanekileyo, zichanekile kuphela kwimeko yokuba akukho zichaso kwaye akukho kuhlaziywa kwamagciwane. Ukuba zikhona, ugqirha kufuneka akhule ityeyibhile yokugonywa ngumntwana.

Izifo apho isitofu sokugonya sinikezelwa khona	Ubudala	Ulwazi olongezelelweyo
I-Hepatitis B (1 ugonyo)	Iiyure ezili-12 emva kokuzalwa	Yenziwe ngemvume ebhaliweyo yomama. Ingenziwa kwipolyclinic kwinyanga e-1
Isifo sofuba (BCG)	Iintsuku ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-7	Yenziwe ngemvume ebhaliweyo yomama. Unokwenziwa kamva kwiklinikhi.
I-Hepatitis B (ii-2 vaccinations)	1 inyanga	Ukuba ixesha lokugonywa li-1 alitshintshi
I-Pertussis, i-diphtheria, i-tetanus, i-poliomyelitis (i-DTP, 1 vaccination)	Iinyanga ezintathu	Yenziwe ngemvume ebhaliweyo yomama
DTP, 2 vaccinations	4,5 iinyanga	Yenziwe ngemvume ebhaliweyo yomama
I-DTP, i-3 vaccinations, kunye ne-hepatitis B	6 iinyanga	Yenziwe ngemvume ebhaliweyo yomama
Imishu, i-rubella, i-parotitis (isigaba 1)	Iinyanga ezili-12	Yenziwe ngemvume ebhaliweyo yomama
I-DTP revaccination (Isigaba 1)	18 iinyanga	Kunzima ukugqithiselwa. Kusuka kwinqununu okanye umlenze ungathathwa okwesikhashana
Revaccination against poliomyelitis	Iinyanga ezili-20	Ingenziwa nge-DTP revaccination
Imishukela, i-rubella, i-parotitis (isigaba 2)	6 ubudala	Yenziwe ngemvume ebhaliweyo yomama
Revaccination ye-BCG	6-7	Kwinqanaba lokuqala
Revaccination ye-DTP-2	7-8 ubudala	Ngaphandle kwe-pertussis
Ukugonywa ngokumelene nerubella	13 ubudala	Amantombazana
Inyolo yokulwa ne-hepatitis	13 ubudala	Ukungabikho
Revaccination: DTP, poliomyelitis kunye ne-BCG	14-15 ubudala	Yenziwe ngemvume ebhaliweyo yomama
Revaccination against tetanus	Minyaka yonke eyi-10	Yenziwe ngemvume ebhaliweyo yomama

Ukuba kuyimfuneko, inokuxhaswa ngezinye izitofu ezizodwa okanye, ngokuthe ngqo, unciphise uluhlu uze uqwalasele zonke iinkcazo zokugonywa.

Ingaba ukwenza i-BCG?

Abazali abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba akufanelekile ukulayisha umzimba kamntwana emva kokuzalwa kunye neigciwane. Emva koko, i-BCG yenziwa iintsuku ezimbalwa emva kokuzalwa. Ingaba kunokwenzeka ukwenza i-BCG kumntwana ngamnye othile, ukuxazulula kuphela kubazali, kwaye akukho mntu. Emva koko, ngoku unina unako ukubhala ukungavumi, kwaye ugonyamelo aluyi kuqhutywa.

Kodwa ngexesha elifanayo kucingwa ukuba ugonyo luya kukhusela umntwana kwisifo sofuba. Unokuphikisana amaninzi kunye nezibonakaliso zokusetyenziswa. Kungenxa yoko, ukuba umntwana ungasweleka okanye unobuthakathaka okanye unesiphene sokuphuhlisa, ugonyamelo aluyi kwenziwa. Ukuba impilo yentsana ikulungele, ngoko ke akufanele umshiye.

Isifo sofuba sisifo esibalulekileyo esasasazwa ngamaconsi. Banokubamba umntwana emva kokukhulelwa esibhedlele. Emva koko, akubona bonke abantu abanesigxathu sokuvuleka kwesifo sofuba.

Iimfucu, i-rubella, i-mumps

Ukugonywa kwi-mumps, imasese kunye nerubella eyenziwa kumntwana xa ejika ubudala. Esi sinokuphela kwesitofu esingafanele sishiyeke nangona ungafuni ukugonywa.

Akuyena wonke umntwana onokuphila kwiimasisi. Emva koko, inani lokufa kwesi sifo luya kukhula. Nangona umntwana esaphila, isistim somzimba siya kuphantse. Uya kuhlala egula emibini emibini ezayo.

I-parotitis ebantwini kuthiwa yi-mumps. Esi sifo singakhokelela inkwenkwe ukuba ingabikho. Kwimantombazana ibonakaliswe ingxaki encinane. Ukungabi naluphi uhlobo olungasongelwa, kodwa impilo iya kugxothwa.

I-Rubella yinto elula kunokuba i-measles kunye nama-mumps. Kodwa oku kube kuphela ukuqala kobudala bokuzala. Ukuba isifo sifika ngexesha lokukhulelwa, kuya kubakho ekuphuhliseni ukukhubazeka komntwana. Kodwa ukuba indoda iya kugula nge-rubella, ngoko unokusasaza umama. Imiphumo iya kuba yinto efanayo.

Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba ukhuseleko lokugonywa luhlala ixesha elide, iingcali zincoma ukuba ungalibali ngokuphindaphinda kwixesha lokutshintsha. Ukugonywa kwiimvumba, isisisi kunye nerubella kuncedo, kodwa ungayikhohlwa malunga neempawu zomntwana, ukuba zikhoyo. Ukuzikhusela komzimba kunye nobukho bezilwanyana ezidityanisiweyo kufuna ukubonisana nodokotela ngaphambi kokugonywa.

Imemo kubazali

Ukuqinisekisa ukuba ishedyuli yokugonywa, okanye kunoko ishedyuli yayo, yazaliseka ngokupheleleyo, kwaye ukugonywa kuthathwa ngumntwana ngokutshatyalaliswa okuncinci, abazali kufuneka balandele imithetho embalwa elula.

Ngaphambi kokugonya kubalulekile ukulinganisa ubushushu ekhaya. Ukuze ugqirha avumele ukugonya kwaye ukunyamezeleka ngumntwana, iqondo lokushisa kufuneka libe ngama-36.6-36.7 degrees.

Ngaphambi kokungena egumbini lokungena, zonke izigulane zifumana ukuqeshwa nodokotela wezingane. Kufuneka akhulume ngendlela umntwana aziva ngayo namhlanje kwaye zeziphi izifo ezithwalwe kuye kutshanje. Ukuba unobungozi, ungafihli le nyaniso kumgqirha. Kuya kumlimaza umntwana kuphela. Ingcaciso ecacileyo ibali, ingaphantsi kweyona miphumo iya kuvela.

Ukwenqaba kwezitofu kufuneka kulungelelaniswe ngongqinisiso, kungekhona ngoloyiko lomama. Emva kwakho konke, bonke abazali babesenza olunye uchungechunge lwezigulane, kwaye oku akuzange kubangele kwimiphumo emibi. Kwaye inyaniso yokuba abanye abasebenzisi babhala kwiimvo zingaphaya kude nenyaniso.

Ukuba umntwana unobungozi, emva kokugonywa ugqirha angamnika i-antihistamine. Okanye omnye ugonyo lukhethiweyo lokugonywa. Inokuhlawulwa, kodwa impilo yomntwana ibiza kakhulu.

Kodwa nantoni na ethethayo kwaye ibhaliwe, kuba ngabazali ukuba bathathe isigqibo sokuba bayagonywa okanye bangabi. Ukuba uthatha isigqibo sokwenza isitofu, emva koko, ungayigxothi imiyalelo yoogqirha. Kuyinto enqwenelekayo ukuhlukanisa umntwana ixesha elithile ekunxibelelaneni nabanye abantwana. Emva koko, kule meko bayabathwala izifo.

Ukuba ukhetho aluhambisani nokuxhunyelelwa, kunyamekeleka ukuba kuthathelwa xa uxhagamshelana nabanye abantwana. Emva koko, banokuba ngabaphathi bezilwanyana kunye nokulimaza impilo yengane. Kule meko, kucetyiswa ukuba ugweme indawo yokudlala kunye nezikwere.

Ukongezelela, oko kuchaphazela yokwamkelwa umntwana enkulisa. iintloko abaninzi abafuni ukwamkela abantwana ngaphandle kogonyo, ethethelela indawo yayo ukuze kunokuba yingozi usana. Nangona kungekho uxwebhu olawula lo mba ayikho.