Filipp Makedonsky: biography sizathu Philip II Macedon impumelelo zomkhosi

King of kwelaseMakedoni, uPhilip II waziwa embalini njengoko umnqobi eselumelwaneni Greece. Wakwazi ukwenza umkhosi entsha, ukubethelela imigudu yabantu bayo kunye nokwandisa amagunya emdeni. impumelelo kaFilipu iba phambi kokuba zoloyiso, unyana wakhe, Aleksandra Velikogo, kodwa nguye owadala zonke ezi zinto zifuneka kuqala ukuze eziphunyeziweyo eninzi ezihlangwini zakhe.

kwiminyaka yokuqala

Antique uKumkani filipp Makedonsky wazalwa ngo-382 BC. e. kwidolophu yakhe ikomkhulu Pella. Uyise Filippa Aminta III uphezu engumzekelo. Wakwazi yokuhlanganisa ilizwe lakhe, phambi ukwahlulwa ibe nazo izilawuli eziliqela. Noko ke, emva kokufa Amyntas ixesha lokuchuma yaphela. Macedonia waphinda yawohloka. Ngelo xesha linye lizwe zisengozini yaye iintshaba zangaphandle, kuquka Illyrians kunye Thracians. Maxa wambi ezi izizwe emantla kugqogqa ngabamelwane babo.

Ubuthathaka kokusetyenziswa Macedonian namaGrike. Ngo-368 BC. e. benza uhambo oluya emantla. Ngenxa yoko, filipp Makedonsky yathinjwa waza wathunyelwa saseNo. Kuyinto isigqebelo, kodwa apho waya inzuzo kuphela ulutsha. Le IV c. BC. e. IThebes wayengomnye sixeko sikhulu Greek. Kulo mzi idibene bathinjwa Macedonian inkqubo loluntu yamaGrike nophuhliso nenkcubeko yabo. Wade kahle kwiziseko ikarati yamaGrike. kamva Konke oku amava nempembelelo-nkqubo, nto leyo eyaba phambili uKumkani Philip II Macedon.

Rise amandla

Ngo-365 BC. e. lo mfana wabuyela kwilizwe lakhe. Ngeli xesha, kwetrone yeharim umninawa wakhe omdala Perdiccas III. Ubomi tu e Pella ukuba anyhashwe xa baseMakedoni kwakhona lahlaselwa Illyrians. Ezi abamelwane siyingozi kakhulu kwidabi, woyisa umkhosi Perdika, ngaloo ndlela ebulala yena omnye 4000 bakhaya uFilipu.

Power lilifa wadlulela ukuba ufile unyana wakhe - a Amyntas ezincinane. UFilipu wamiswa ibamba. Nangona ebutsheni bakhe, wabonisa iimpawu zakhe ubunkokheli etyalwayo baqiniseka nabaphetheyo bezopolitiko eli lizwe ukuba ngephanyazo nzima enjalo, xa utshaba emnyango, ufanele abe phezu kwetrone, nokukhusela abahlali evela uchuku. Aminta wazidla. Ngoko ke ngo 23, 2 uPhilip Macedon waba ngukumkani kwilizwe lakhe. Ngenxa yoko, engazange azishiye yena itrone de kwasekufeni kwakhe.

Ubudlelwane kunye neQhinga

Ukususela kanye ekuqaleni kobukumkani filipp Makedonsky iye yabonisa yalo lwezakhono ezimangalisayo ozakuzo. Wayengenguye shy phambi isisongelo Thracian waza wagqiba ukuba ukulwa, kungekhona kunye nezixhobo, kunye nemali. Uzithenga elingummelwane Prince uFilipu wenza kukho umonakalo kunokuba kukhuseleke ilizwe labo. YoMlawuli Ndasithimba sisixeko ebalulekileyo iAmfipoli, apho imigodi yegolide sele ilungiswe apha naphaya. Nokufikelela kwi-metal amanene, ebuncwaneni waqala zetyeleba iingqekembe ezikumgangatho ophezulu. URhulumente wenza intywenka.

Emva koko, uPhilip II Macedon waqalisa ukwenza umkhosi entsha. Waqesha Amagcisa zasemzini owakha kakhulu mihla ngexesha kwezixhobo zokungqinga (ilahle imipu, catapults, njalo njalo. D.). Ukusebenzisa ukunyoba iintshaba wengcibi yokuluka, lo mlawuli kuqala ukusungulwa a kwelaseMakedoni enobunye, waza waqalisa ukwanda lwangaphandle. Waba nethamsanqa kuba ngelo xesha Greece uqala ukubona ixesha elide nengxaki kwezopolitiko, kukhatshwa ingxabano kunye nentiyo nkqubo yoluntu. Abantu bakhona Northern nguLwesihlanu ngokulula ngegolide.

Uhlaziyo empini

Eqonda ukuba ubukhulu karhulumente esekelwe ngamandla yomkhosi wakhe, ukumkani bahlela ngokupheleleyo imikhosi yayo exhobileyo. Yintoni na ke umkhosi Filippa Makedonskogo? Impendulo siyifumana isenzeko le ndlela yokuhlasela Macedonian. Yaba impi entsha elihamba, obeyindoda webutho yexabiso 1,500. Ukufunyanwa kwe phalanges waba indawo ngokuthe ngqo, bavulelele ukuba intsebenziswano oluphuculweyo phakathi amajoni ngokwabo.

Omnye ukubunjwa kwakuba ezahlukeneyo Lochos - imiqolo amajoni 16 ngeenyawo. umgca nganye umsebenzi walo kwi edabini. Umbutho entsha iyiphucule iimpawu ekulweni-mkhosi. Ngoku umkhosi Macedonian bafudukela integrally kwaye monolithically, kwaye ukuba kuyimfuneko ukuba azibuyisele yokuhlasela, ukusiwa waqala uxanduva oku Lochos ngokuthi zinike umqondiso abamelwane. amrholela abanye ngaye. Lochos Last babukela regiments imvisiswano zokwakha echanekileyo, uhlengahlengiso namaqabane iimpazamo.

Ngoko ke umkhosi Filippa Makedonskogo? Impendulo siyifumana isigqibo kakumkani ukudibanisa amava amabutho. Xa kwasebuncinaneni bakhe, uFilipu wahlala uAmoni xa ibanjwa imbeko. Apho wadibana kwithala leencwadi elikufutshane kunye imisebenzi strategists zamaGrike ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo. Eziqwalaselwayo abaninzi kubo onovakalelo kwaye bakwazi umfundi kamva bazisa ebomini amabutho zabo.

rearmament lamabutho

Ukuganga phezu kubuyiselo emkhosini, filipp Makedonsky ingqalelo kuphela umbutho kodwa izixhobo. Xa kwabonakala sarissa emkhosini. Ngoko ayebizwa umkhonto elide baseMakedoni. angamajoni ahamba ngeenyawo sarissofory ezifunyenweyo kunye nezinye izixhobo. Ngexesha isaqhwithi izikhundla utshaba enqatyisiweyo babefudula ibaleka ilahle, ezo obambeleyo kakhulu mgama isenza amanxeba ezibulalayo.

Ukumkani Macedonian UFilipu wenza nomkhosi wakhe kakhulu isiyalo. Amajoni bafunda ukuphatha izixhobo yonke imihla. Kwathabatha umkhonto elide ngezandla zozibini, ngoko amajoni uFilipu wasebenzisa amakhaka obhedu, leyo lokusila up on engqinibeni enye.

Kwezikhali yokuhlasela wagxininisa umsebenzi wayo ophambili - ukugcina ifuthe kumdlali welinye icala. 2 uPhilip Macedon, yaye kamva, unyana wakhe, Alexander, sasetyenziswa njengoko engundoqo ngokuhlasela amandla mahashe. Wayibhula umkhosi wotshaba ngalo mzuzu xa wazama ukuba singene yokuhlasela.

Kumadabi

Emva kokuba ukumkani Macedonian uFilipu wabona ukuba inguqu umkhosi wazala iziqhamo, waqala ifake kwimicimbi abamelwane zamaGrike. Ngo-353 BC. e. wayezixhasa mdibaniso Delphic kanye imfazwe yamakhaya yamaGrike. Emva kokuba ngoloyiso Macedonia loyiswa ilizwe eThessaly, yaye ngenxa yabaninzi Greek isixeko-States eyaziwayo ngumlamli kunye ngumlamli.

Le mpumelelo yaba intwasahlobo yokoyiswa elizayo Greece. Noko ke, izinto Macedonia ke ayipheleli eGrisi. Ngo-352 BC. e. imfazwe kunye eThrace. Kuye olwaqalwa filipp Makedonsky. Biography of lo mntu ngumzekelo obalaseleyo-mkhosi, ngubani uzama ukukhusela imidla yabantu babo. Impixano yaqala eThrace ngenxa yokungaqiniseki kwimimandla zokuhlamba umda mazwe mabini. Emva kweminyaka yemfazwe, bakhona yavuma mhlaba kwakuphikiswana. Ngoko Thracians wayesazi ukuba umkhosi Filippa Makedonskogo.

Olinfskaya ukulwa

Kungekudala umlawuli Macedonian aqala ungenelelo yayo eGrisi. Emva endleleni yakhe uvele eChalcis Union, nto leyo eye-nkqubo engundoqo Olynthos. Ngo-348 BC. e. umkhosi Filippa Makedonskogo kaThixo wawungqinga umzi. league Chalkidian wafumana inkxaso aseAtene, kodwa uncedo kwabo kakhulu emva kwexesha.

Olynthus kuthinjwa, elinyukayo, batshatyalaliswa. Ekubeni Macedonia iye yandiswa ngakumbi imida yayo ukuya ezantsi. Ukuze kube zaye zongezwa, kunye neminye imizi eChalcis Union. Independent kuphela emazantsi Greece. Oonobangela Filippa Makedonskogo impumelelo zomkhosi na kwelinye icala, xa izenzo yamxhel'omnye-mkhosi yalo, kwelinye icala - xa lisiba yezopolitiko polis yamaGrike, abangazange ufuna ukunxulumana nye esengozini lwangaphandle. A ngonozakuzaku abanezakhono, ngobuchule basebenzisa ubutshaba efanayo abachasi bakhe.

umkhankaso zamaSkitiya

Nangona ababephila axakwe phezu umbuzo, zazisithini izizathu impumelelo zomkhosi Filippa Makedonskogo, ukumkani wamandulo waqhubeka ukoyisa kwakhe. Ngo-340 BC. e. Waya emfazweni nxamnye Perinthus kunye Byzantium - koloni Greek, owayephethe lexinene esohlukanisa eYurophu Asia. Namhlanje ke yaziwa ngokuba iDardanelles, uze emva koko ngokuba abethe.

Ngaphantsi Perinthus namaGrike aseByzantium wanikela ekwalile esizimiseleyo abahlaseli, kunye uFilipu baleka. Waya imfazwe amaSkitiya. Kanye njengokuba ubuhlobo baseMakedoni na aba bantu zimbi kakhulu. Inkokeli amaSkitiya Athey nje phambi kokuba uncedo acelwe wamajoni uFilipu ukuba alwe uhlaselo mbuya angabamelwane. Ukumkani Macedonian wathumela kuye amandla elikhulu.

Xa uFilipu phantsi iindonga Byzantium, ngokungeyompumelelo uzama wasithimba isixeko, yena wazifumana baxakekile. Emva koko ke mlawuli wabuza Ateius likhulule imali yokuhlawula thile iindleko ezinxulumene Zikhelele elide. Inkokeli amaSkitiya kwimpendulo yakhe zimbiza wala ummelwane. UFilipu akazange akuvumele ukuba anyeliswe enjalo. Ngo-339 BC. e. waya emantla, ukuze ikrele lokohlwaya amaSkitiya amaqhophololo. Ezi mbuya oLwandle Omnyama ngokwenene ezaphukileyo. Emva kweli phulo, abelaseMakedoni bade babuyela ekhaya, nangona ixesha elide.

Battle of Chaeronea

Okwangoku, i-Greek isixeko-States wayakha umfelandawonye sibhekiswe ukwanda Macedonian. UFilipu, le nto ayizange bedidekile. Lisaqhuba ukuba baqhubekeke ukuya ngasezantsi. Ngo-338 BC. e. Yaba kwidabi ka Chaeronea. Isiseko yomkhosi yamaGrike emfazweni yayiquka abahlali baseAtene zaseThebhesi. Ezi nkqubo zimbini iinkokeli zezopolitiko of Greece.

Kaloku imfazwe kuyaphawuleka ngenxa yokuba kwakukho yindlalifa oneminyaka eli-18 ubudala ukuya Tsar Alexander. Kwafuneka afunde kumava, nto leyo umkhosi Filippa Makedonskogo. Lo mlawuli wayalela yokuhlasela, ngoxa unyana wakhe ukuba ziyisebenzise mabutho ephangweni ngasekhohlo. Trust sasifanele. BaseMakedoni wahlula bangi. Athene kunye abanempembelelo wezopolitiko kunye neciko Demosthenes bakhe babaleka edabini.

League of eKorinte

Emva kokoyiswa Chaeronea Greek isixeko-States baphulukana imikhosi yabo yokugqibela ukuba imibutho umzabalazo kunye uFilipu. Uthethwano ngekamva Greece. ngenxa wabo nokudalwa League of eKorinte. Ke kaloku bezizwe kwimo ukuxhomekeka yokumkani Macedonian, nangona ngokusesikweni imithetho emidala basindiswa kuzo. UPhilip eminye imizi.

I-Union wadalwa phantsi, eqamba lomzabalazo elizayo kunye wasePersi. umkhosi Macedonian Filippa Makedonskogo ayikwazanga ukumelana yedwa loo despotism mpuma. Greek isixeko-ithi ekuvunyelwene ukunika kakumkani sodwa. UFilipu wavuma avalelwe yonke nezithethe zawo. Yena ngokwakhe ubunzima lukhulu leyinene ZesiGrike kubomi yelizwe labo.

Impixano kwintsapho

Emva ngokudibana ngempumelelo Greece phantsi kolawulo lwakhe uFilipu ukuba zenze imfazwe kwi wasePersi. Noko ke, izicwangciso zakhe babesifa ngokuxabana entsapho. Ngo-337 BC. e. Watshata intombazana Cleopatra, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni ungquzulwano kunye nomfazi wakhe wokuqala, iiOlimpiki. Oko kwakuphuma uFilipu wakhe unyana, Alexander, lowo owayeza kuba yinkokeli omkhulu wamajoni kudala umiselwe kwixesha elizayo. Le nanyana nanzalo akazange athathe inyathelo kayise, emva kakubi unina washiya ibhotwe lakhe.

Filipp Makedonsky, ngobomi ogama izele amaphulo ngempumelelo emkhosini, wawungenako ukuvumela karhulumente ukuba liwele ngaphandle ngaphakathi ngenxa abangquzulana yindlalifa. Emva thethwano elide ekugqibeleni sixolelanisiwe nonyana. Ke uFilipu wayeza kufika iPersi, kodwa ingakumbi elikomkhulu kwafuneka ukuphelisa emitshatweni.

lokubulala

Kolunye wemithendeleko festive ukumkani ngequbuliso wabulawa kwabalindi bakhe, ogama uPausanias. Ezinye abalindi ekusetyenzwe kwangoko nalo. Ngoko ke, akwaziwa ukuba yintoni eyabangela ukuba umbulali. Akukho bungqina emangalisayo ehlanganisa nabani na isakhiwo, ababhali-mbali musa ukuba.

Kusenokwenzeka ukuba emva uPausanias waye umfazi wokuqala kaFilipu Olimpiki. Kwakhona asikabi inguqulo lokubulala Alexander izicwangciso. Enoba oko, yintlekele, apho kwaqhambuka 336 BC. e., bazisa amandla, unyana ka uFilipu. Waqhubekeka umsebenzi kayise. Kungekudala umkhosi Macedonian woyisa lonke kuMbindi Mpuma kunye wafikelela imida of India. Isizathu sokuba le mpumelelo ayikho kuphela italente yeqhinga Alexander, kodwa utshintsho ixesha elide uFilipu. Uye wadala umkhosi eyomeleleyo kunye noqoqosho oluzinzileyo, ngenxa apho unyana wakhe yaphumelela kakhulu kumazwe.