Izifo zomsebenzi: izizathu zophuhliso kunye nokukhusela

Kwimashishini athile kunye nolimo kukho izinto ezinobungozi zokuvelisa ezibangela ukuphuhliswa kwezifo. Ezi zifo zibizwa ngokuba yizakhono. Zonke izifo zomsebenzi ngezizathu zokuphuhliswa ziyahlula ngamaqela amaninzi:

- ngenxa yesiphumo kumzimba wezothuli,

- obangelwa yimpembelelo yezinto ezibonakalayo zemveliso,

- obangelwa yimichiza yemveliso,

- ngenxa yempembelelo yezinto eziphilayo.

Uthuli lokuvelisa luhlala kwiimbrane zamanzi eziphefumulayo kwaye ekugqibeleni lukhokelela ekuphuhliseni i-pneumoconiosis kunye ne-bronchitis. Izifo zobugcisa beli qela zifunyanwa kubasebenzi be-metallurgical and mining industry, abakhi, abavukuzi, abagayi.

Izinto ezibonakalayo zemveliso ezenza izifo zomsebenzi zibandakanya iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zemitha, ukushisa okuphezulu kunye neqondo eliphantsi, ingxolo enkulu, iindlela zokugudluza. Ukutshukunyiswa kweendlela kukhokelela ekuphuhlisweni kwesifo esiqhaqhaqhaqhayo, isandi esinzulu kwisifo se-organ body, ukushisa okuphezulu nokuphantsi kubangela ukutshisa kunye ne-frostbite.

Iimpawu zeMichiza zibangela ukuxiliswa ngokugqithisileyo kunye nokungapheliyo. Eyona nengozi kakhulu ityhefu ngeesaliti zensimbi ezinzima, i-insectofungicides ezahlukahlukeneyo, ezinye izinto ezingekhoyo kunye nezendalo. Ukungena emzimbeni, nangona kungenani elincinci, bathatha inxaxheba kwimibono yezinto eziphilayo ezivela kwiiseli kunye nezicubu. Iikhemikhali ziphazamisa iinkqubo zeempawu kwaye zenze utshintsho olusesikweni kunye nokusebenza kumzimba.

Iibhoksi zorhwebo zingangena emzimbeni ngokusebenzisa inkqubo yokuphefumula kunye nolusu, kubangela izifo zomsebenzi zesikhumba nemiphunga.

Ngenxa yezenzo zezinto eziphilayo, izifo ezithathelwanayo kunye nezifo zihlakulela kubantu, ngenxa yemisebenzi yabo yobungcali, baqhagamshelana nezixhobo ezinegciwane okanye izilwanyana ezigulayo.

Ukuchonga izifo zomsebenzi ngenxa yempawu zokuhlanjululwa kocwangco lwempilo, imbali yengcali yesigulane, iziphumo zonyango, i-biochemical kunye neendlela zokusebenza zophando.

Idatha ye-anamnesis yeengcali ibaluleke kakhulu. Kwimbali yomsebenzi, kubalulekile ukufumanisa ubukho bezingozi zengqesho ezifaka isandla ekuphuhlisweni kwesi sifo, ubude bezenzo zabo kumzimba wesigulane kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokukhusela kunye nokusebenza kwazo.

Iprophylaxis yezifo zomsebenzi zibandakanya amanyathelo obuchwephesha kunye nococeko kumashishini. Abasebenzi banikwe usuku olufutshane lokusebenza, ikhefu elongezelelweyo. Zinikezelwa ngesondlo sonyango kunye nokhuseleko.

Kwimeko yokukhubazeka okwethutyana obangelwa zizifo zokusebenza, abasebenzi banelungelo lokufumana uncedo kwimali yomvuzo, izaphulelo ezinkulu malunga nokuthengwa kwamayeza. Amashishini anomhlaba onobungozi basebenzisa ubuninzi kunye nokukhuselwa komntu ngamnye, ukuchithwa kwemveliso ephezulu, ukulawula okukude kweenkqubo zenkqubo yokuvelisa.

Inendima ebalulekileyo ekunciphiseni iziganeko zezifo idlala ngokuhlolwa kwezonyango ezikhuselekileyo zabasebenzi abakwenzayo kwimveliso kunye nezinto ezinobungozi zokuvelisa. Iimviwo zonyango ziqhutywa ubuncinane kanye ngonyaka. Kwi-pneumoconiosis, iindlela zokwenza uphando ziyi-radiography yamaphaphu, ukuhlolwa komsebenzi wokuphefumula kwangaphandle, ukuhlaziywa kwegazi. Kwingozi yokunyuka kwesifo sokugulisa, ukuhlolwa okubanda, ukuvakala kwengqondo, isifuba se-X-ray kunye neengalo, ukuhlolwa kwegazi jikelele kuboniswa.