Izifo zomathumbu: iimpawu kunye nonyango. Izibonakaliso zezifo zesilonda

iinkqubo yezifo achaphazela kwamathumbu, ukuphuhlisa ngokuthe ngcembe, yaye usaqala ngenkankulu kuphazanyiswa izigulane. Yiloo nto abantu kudla ngaphandle unyango olufanelekileyo, logama nje esi sifo ukuya kungena ifomu ezigulo ezondeleyo. Ziziphi iimpawu zibonisa sifo nokuba inyangwa njani i isisu, siya kujongana nayo.

Izifo isisu liqela kweenkqubo ukudumba ibakho ikholoni kunye emathunjini amancinci. Ngenxa yoko, zininzi izinto ezimbi ukuxozwa kwenzeka sisilonda esidumbileyoesingaphakathi inwebu imazi ibonakalisa ngakwimida izibilini. iingxaki kwesisu ababandakanyekayo gastroenterologists.

Imiba echaphazela uphuhliso ezimbi emathunjini

Izifo esiswini namathumbu ngenxa yesenzo emzimbeni zizinto ezimbi, yaye kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, unobangela ukudumba yi yezimo mnye. Izizathu ezahlukeneyo ngakumbi ngexesha elifanayo kuchaphazela umzimba womntu, anzima izakuqhubeka izifo, ngenxa yoko, le kuya kuba nzima ukunyanga kuye.

Imiba echaphazela uphuhliso nantoni na engaqhelekanga yethumbu, ziquka:

- ukunyhashwa ekutyeni;

- izifo ngumzimba;

- iimeko komqondo kunye noxinzelelo;

- factor genetic;

- lutho ngokomzimba;

- gastro-viral usulelo;

- a isisu igciwane;

- ukusetyenziswa kakubi kotywala, ukutshaya;

- ukuthatha amachiza ezithile (umz, antibiotics).

Izifo emathunjini amancinci ziquka enteritis (isisu pathologic disorder functionality), ukunyamezelana ekudleni, gluten enteropathy (kuvela ngenxa yokunqongophala kwe-enzayim eziyimfuneko emzimbeni), imithambo umzimba kunye nesifo isisu, isifo Whipple, kunye nabanye. Bonke bephela baqale uphuhliso lwabo ngenxa ekugxojweni intembeko okanye yangaphakathi inwebu emphinjeni, ngakwimida emathunjini amancinci ngenxa yokutya engafanelekanga okanye ukuthatha amayeza ezithile.

Izifo colon ziquka nokudumba, kuquka sikabhobhosi, isifo Crohn kaThixo, diverticulosis, kunye nezinye nangezilonda yesisu nomsindo kunye nezinye izifo. Iinkqubo ukudumba ixhaphakileyo kule ndawo zibangelwa yi igciwane, kodwa akukhethi xa unobangela uba ikhondo elide antibiotics, yokudla njalo njalo.

Izifo emathunjini amancinci

Xa kuziwa wamathumbu izifo, iimpawu kunye nonyango zixhomekeke kwizinto ezimbi leyo eyenza ngezifo. Le emathunjini amancinci uyinxalenye lide iphecana zesisu. Yena obandakanyeka kukufakwa izondlo ukutya. Ukuqwalasela isifo emathunjini amancinci, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela izinto nje kuphela inkangeleko yabo, kodwa iindibaniso zabo ezahlukeneyo. Oku kuya kuvumela isigulane ukuba onyule uthomalaliso zifanelekileyo.

iinkqubo ukudumba evela emathunjini amancinci, ebizwa enteritis. Esi sifo sidla yondele okanye engapheliyo. Unobangela enteritis etsolo idla HIV (ityhefu ukutya, "ngesifo ngezandla ezimdaka", njalo njalo). iimpawu eziye wesifo namathumbu amancinci bavakalisa ukuvela isicaphucaphu, ukugabha, urhudo kunye nezinye iimpawu ukunxila, kwakunye fever, umkhuhlane. Magciwane ezi salmonella, ikholera kunye namanye amagciwane tifoparatifoznoy iqela. Kuba enteritis ezingapheliyo uphawuleka bacteria kunye nosulelo protozoal, iindidi ukuphazamiseka kwenkqubo omzimba. Uphawu kwefom ezingapheliyo lwe enteritis yinto yokuba landulelwa ukuphazamiseka ukudumba okanye ukudumba-dystrophic, ibakho emathunjini amancinci. Ngenxa yale Isifo yabantu ukuphuhlisa ukuqunjelwa, kukho yokuzala ezincinane yayintsholongwane eyosulela kwi emathunjini amancinci, nto leyo ekhokelela iingxaki omzimba kunye metabolic.

Iimpawu izifo isisu

Xa iimpawu isifo wamathumbu kunye nonyango zixhomekeke iqondo yengxinano nangokurhala, indawo kwindawo yayo. Iimpawu zesi sifo ziyahluka ukusuka ngobulali esiqatha. Ngethuba lesigaba esebenzayo zesi sifo kulandele nexesha kuxolelwa. Lo mfanekiso kwe ukudumba ezincinane amathumbu luphawulwa ezi mpawu zilandelayo:

- sorhudo - yingxaki eqhelekileyo kubantu ezi zifo;

- fever akwaziqonda elingakumbi ukudinwa - ngokufuthi xa iingxaki emathunjini ebantwini kubonakala ezisezantsi-grade fever, yena uziva ngamandla kwaye ibenze;

- iintlungu esiswini, amahlaba - nangokurhala, izilonda le isifo wamathumbu kungachaphazela intshukumo eqhelekileyo ukutya ngokusebenzisa iphecana zesisu yaye ngaloo ndlela ezibangela intlungu cramping;

- isicaphucaphu, ukugabha;

- ubukho igazi isitulo - ngokuqhelekileyo ibonisa yophela ngaphakathi emathunjini amancinci;

- yehle emnyama - iintlungu esiswini kunye amahlaba, kwakunye ubukho ukudumba emzimbeni, ngokuqhelekileyo kuyabuya yindlala;

- ngokukhawuleza umzimba.

Clinic yezifo ezingapheliyo ye emathunjini amancinci ibangelwa uphuhliso urhudo nezolo kunye malabsorption syndrome. Urhudo uvutha hypersecretion kwamanzi calcium ion emzimbeni, giperekssudatsiey isisu, ukwanda koxinzelelo osmotic kunye ukuphazamiseka komsebenzi imixholo zothutho emathunjini. Malabsorption syndrome usisiphumo sorhudo nezolo.

Iimpawu kweefom sisifo esingapheliyo ubalisa usasazeko ama syndrome (ukuvela mizwa ekhathazayo esiswini nakummandla ongqonge inkaba). Ukongeza, isigulana ibuhlungu ukuduma kwaye caphukisayo imvakalelo esiswini, ukuqumba. neentlungu esiswini be spasmodic, cramping okanye umlinganiswa buthuntu. Ukuba iintlungu kakhulu emva kokutya, oko kuthetha ukuba isifo sele udlule ekwimo ukubaleka.

Izifo yethumbu enkulu

Izifo ikholoni ziquka ukudumba esinganyangekiyo yonke okanye iinxalenye ikholoni. Le nokudumba ikakhulu sisilonda kunye nesifo Crohn kaThixo. Zombini izifo ezinxulumene ne sorhudo kakhulu, iintlungu kabuhlungu esiswini, lidiniwe umzimba. Ukuba umntu kurhanelwa isifo wamathumbu, iimpawu, kunye nonyango kufuneka sizimisele ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka, ngenxa yokuba kungekho unyango eyaneleyo kunokukhokelela kubunzima ezisongela ubomi.

okwenziwa sisilonda sikabhobhosi sisifo yokukrala ebangela izilonda udonga engaphakathi ngekhefu. isifo Crohn kaThixo luphawulwa ukudumba isifo ye phecana zesisu, nangokurhala sidla usinika nzulu izihlunu abachaphazelekayo, yaye zingachaphazela indlela emathunjini ubukhulu amancinci. Collagen kunye nokudumba lymphocytic nazo ingqalelo izifo ikholoni, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo ziqwalaselwe zodwa sesi sifo weklasiki kwamathumbu arhabaxa.

Iimbangi ngqo isifo wamathumbu yokukrala nangoku ayaziwa. zinto ngaphambili yezifo iquka uxinzelelo, ukutya kakubi. Ngoku oogqirha bazi ukuba ezi zizathu ukuze zimbi, kodwa hayi ukuba bamqumbise ingxaki. Kukholelwa ukuba uninzi colon izifo evela igciwane, apho lingena khona iimveliso zokutya osezantsi-umgangatho, iziselo, sisamkela antimicrobials kuvuka. Kwakhona, omnye nasiphi na ukuphazamiseka kwenkqubo omzimba kunye yofuzo. iingxaki isisu zibonakala ngenxa licuthe imithambo yegazi ikholoni kunye esichengeni unikezelo layo igazi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, le sizathu ekuso abantu abadala.

Iimpawu izifo colon

Iimpawu ezininzi isifo wamathumbu mava kwaye isandi kunye nabanye. Iimpawu uphawu ziquka iintlungu esiswini okanye cramping xa ithe yaba buthuntu indalo, aqaqambayo kunokwenzeka. Umphezulu engaphakathi isale nezilonda colon, nto leyo exesheni. Izigulane ezikhala kusasa fatigue njengesihlalo negazi release yencindi, igazi (kulahleka izixa ezikhulu igazi), ngobubele omzimba. Ngokufuthi sifo umzimba ongalawulwayo, ukungabi namdla, ifiva, flatulence, emzimbeni. Amaxesha amaninzi ogulayo ehlola ezimpundu.

Kubalulekile ukuba isifo elikhulu emathunjini enjalo, iimpawu ezinokuthi iphutha ukuba ezinye izifo, kuye kwafunyaniswa ngendlela ngexesha. Xa engekho unyango olwaneleyo isiguli kwandisa umngcipheko ukuphuhlisa ezinobuzaza (Oncology, fistulas, iqhuma, amathumbu kunye emathunjini).

enterocolitis ezingapheliyo

enterocolitis Chronic umtshiso ngaxeshanye njenge Amathumbu angamarhoqorhoqo, ezinkulu, nto leyo luphawulwa yoma le inwebu imazi ibonakalisa ngakwimida phezu engaphakathi amathumbu, nto leyo ebangela ukuphazamiseka komsebenzi emathunjini. Kuxhomekeka lizwe kwenkqubo yokukrala izifo entle hlula (enteritis) kunye obukhulu (nokudumba) ngabanye emathunjini.

Izinto ezibangela enterocolitis okubangelwa ifuthe emzimbeni womntu zilandelayo zinto zophendlo lwezifo:

- ixesha elide ukudla engafanelekanga;

- kakuhle okukwazi futhi umzimba;

- ukuphazamiseka hormone, ntshikilelo;

- iziyobisi amayeza ukunxila kunye imichiza;

- ingakumbi isakhiwo yangasese;

- gastro-viral usulelo;

- izifo ngamalungu angaphakathi;

- isisu kunye nosulelo olwaye lwamfimfitha.

Enye kwamagciwane lixhaphakileyo enterocolitis ziqatha giardia wamathumbu (ifoto ezi izilwanyana kuqwalaselwa kwinqaku). Bona bayakwazi phinda ngokukhawuleza kwaye ibangele giardiasis. Iimpawu zesi sifo ziquka urhudo, igesi agqithisileyo, cramping kunye neentlungu esiswini, isicaphucaphu, ukugabha. Giardia, ifoto apho kuboniswe kulo mfanekiso, kukho iintlobo ezimbini: iyasebenza baphola. iintlobo Active lweentshulube kuhlala emzimbeni womntu, xa uphume ngaphandle kunye isitulo baye iphetshana luyeke ukusebenza uze Wayaneka usulelo ngaphandle komzimba.

enterocolitis Chronic Idla ngokuba njani imiphumo zonyango kakuhle okanye ilibasiza iintlobo nokoyika iinkqubo yesisu arhabaxa. Ukongeza, kukho umngcipheko wokuba ekudluliseni esi sifo njengelifa kunye nabantu njengoko bantwana ibhotile-ukutya.

isifo wamathumbu enamathelayo

Azikhuli unomzimba zomzimba ezinezikhondo eqalisiweyo kwisisu esiswini ngenxa yeemeko ezahlukeneyo ezimbi. isifo wamathumbu enamathelayo, iimpawu ezidla zibonakaliswa inkangeleko spazmiruyutsya iintlungu, kuyingozi ngakumbi ebantwini. Isikhalazo engundoqo zezigulane, njengoko umthetho, i ndinentlungu engapheliyo esiswini, leyo kucacisa uhlobo truudno. Maxa wambi kukho emathunjini, ukuqhina, kwamcaphukisa. Ukongeza, i-isifo wamathumbu yokuncamathelisa, ogama iimpawu kufana iingxaki yamanina, ntonje ingunobangela ukungachumi ababhinqileyo.

Iimpawu eziphambili zibandakanya kabi kwingingqi inkaba, amahlaba, imvakalelo distention esiswini. Kwiindawo apho kukho azikhuli, kukho linegunya emathunjini, nto leyo kuphazamisa movement ngezinto ezilapho kuyo. Mhlawumbi uphuhliso ngokupheleleyo emathunjini. Ngelishwa, iindlela ezininzi diagnostic bayakwazi ukubona azikhuli: abakwazi kubonwa njengento X-ray okanye uviwo ultrasound. Zingakotshwa ingqalelo xa usebenzisa umahluko barium xa siqhuba Itomography ngekhompyutha. isifo Treatment ngcina kwenziwe utyando laparoscopy okanye uqhaqho evulekile azikhuli kuphungula rassekaniya okanye electrocution.

Uxilongo kwezifo yethumbu

Ukuhlola isifo wamathumbu yokukrala kufuneka ibe kuphela emva ngaphandle ezinye iingxaki kunokwenzeka. Oku kuya kufuna ukuhlanganiswa diagnostic tests. Uxilongo isifo wamathumbu iquka iimvavanyo nkqubo ilandelayo:

- Uhlalutyo igazi - kuyimfuneko ukuba ubenemboniselo yangaphezulu mpilo.

- Ubhaqo ilindle igazi kulo.

- Colonoscopy - ikuvumela ukuba ukujonga yonke colon usebenzisa zingcakacile, tube bhetyebhetye ikhamera eziqhotyoshelwe kuyo. Ngexesha inkqubo, ugqirha unokuthatha kohlalutyo phambili (biopsy) iisampuli kwithishyu.

- sigmoidoscopy Flexible - kuqhutywa nge tube obhityileyo bhetyebhetye kunye isivamvo sokukhanya, nto leyo evumela ukuba ukujonga colon isabelo sigmoid.

- endoscopy Upper - ugqirha isebenzisa zingcakacile, tube bhetyebhetye wazimisa ukuba asikhangele kuvuleke iminxunya, isisu kunye inxalenye yokuqala emathunjini amancinci.

- Capsular endoscopy - kwenzelwa uxilongo lwesifo Crohn kaThixo.

- X-ray uxilongo - efunekayo xa iingxaki ezinkulu amathumbu, ukwenzela ukuthintela iingxaki ezinzulu (umzekelo, perforation le colon).

- ngekhompyutha Itomography - indlela yenza kube lula ukuba siqwalasele iindawo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo emfanekisweni ngaphezu kwi X-ray. Uvavanyo ivavanya emathunjini lonke, kwaye izicwili ngaphandle kwayo.

- intlokoma Magnetic umfanekiso - yindlela esiphumelelayo ukuphelisa fistulas, ikhefu, kunye nezinye iingxaki.

Unyango lwezifo emathunjini

Ukuze ngempumelelo kunyanga izifo kwesisu, iimpawu, kunye nonyango kufuneka eduze. Injongo yale unyango lwezifo namathumbu yokukrala kukunciphisa komtshiso evelisa iimpawu kunye ebangela ubuhlungu. unyango Sanele akuyi kuphela lula ukubonakalalisa sifo, kodwa kunokukhokelela ukuze kuxolelwe ixesha elide, ukunciphisa ingozi iingxaki. Phambi kokuba silapha isisu, ugqirha uqhuba unxilongo ngokucokisekileyo ekuvumela ukuba ukhethe amayeza kakhulu ngempumelelo.

Unyango abe amayeza, kunye neendlela ezithandwayo yotyando. Imithi linokunceda iimpawu nokunciphisa umngcipheko iingxaki. Ngoko nangoko kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba izigulane ezininzi ziya kufuneka uthathe amayeza ukuze ixesha elide. Ukukhethwa iziyobisi kuxhomekeke lethu le ukudumba, yengxinano iimpawu kwaye ziya ngqo ekuthinteleni ukuphinda izifo. Ngamanye amaxesha kusenokufuneka ukudibanisa amayeza zongeza unyango ngamachiza zokupheka womthonyama.

Kuba unyango lwezifo amathumbu kunye neenkqubo ukudumba sebenzisa ndidi zilandelayo kwamachiza:

- amachiza anti-ukudumba (aminosalitsitaly, corticosteroids e);

- arhente antibacterial (umz, i-arhente "ciprofloxacin");

- immunomodulators (amayeza "Methotrexate", "Azathioprine");

- izifo uguqulo kancincane (iziyobisi "infliximab", "Adalimumab").

Unyango amachiza onyango kufuneka sikhatshwe utshintsho ekutyeni, ukuncitshiswa ntshikilelo, ukuthobela zokwehlisa ulawulo. Inyathelo elibalulekileyo kakhulu unyango kukuba isigulana ukulandela lokudla isifo wamathumbu. Adla kufuneka luqulathe igama iimveliso esempilweni elungeleleneyo kunye isixa elaneleyo iiprothini kunye nezondlo. Ukutya esikhethwe ngayinye isigulane ngasinye. Yi iingcebiso ngokubanzi ilandelayo kunganxulunyaniswa ombane echanekileyo:

- atye kancinci imini yonke;

- usele amanzi acocekileyo (ukuya iilitha 2 iinxalenye ezincinane ngokulungelelana isasazwe emini);

- kuphephe ukutya enesiqulatho fiber eliphezulu (iimbotyi, amandongomane, bran);

- ukwala okunamafutha kunye neziqhamo ukutya, sauce, ukutya ezibangela flatulence;

- ukunciphisa imveliso zobisi (ukunyamezelana lactose);

- Ngexesha unyango kubalulekile ukuba iivithamini, izongezo B12 D, calcium, intsimbi.

Ngokufuthi unyango lwezifo namathumbu owenza intsumpa. Umsebenzi basic ekubhekiswa resections zilindela ukususwa amacandelo yesisu abachaphazelekayo. amathumba Treatment kunye fistulas ngemva ngezantsi ebanjwe esebenzisa zotyando bamlandela drenazhirovaniem.

ukuvimbela

umsebenzi eyiyo sokugaya iqala kunye nempilo entle ngokubanzi. Amalungu iphecana zesisu baxhomekeke kwi inkqubo ethembekileyo omzimba, onako ukumelana izifo. amanyathelo azizithintelo ezijoliswe ekuphuculeni impilo nentlalo-ntle yabantu.

1. Ukuyeka ugwayi. Wonke umntu uyazi ukuba ukutshaya ichukumisa isifo sentliziyo, ibangela lwegazi miphungeni. Ngokutsho manani, 30% kuzo zonke izifo ezibangelwa kukutshaya, kuyimfuneko kwinkqubo yokwetyisa, ngaphezulu kwama-40% yabo - isifo kwesisu. Ukutshaya kwandisa ingozi yokuba yokudumba okwenziwa sisilonda sikabhobhosi, isifo Crohn kaThixo, ngokonakalisa isibindi nepancreas, kunye nabanye.
2. Control komzimba. Ukutyeba, ubunzima ngakumbi excess eyendayo esiswini, ebangela izifo inkqubo yokucola ukutya, ingakumbi esophageal kusenokwenzeka izifo kunye nomhlaza emathunjini.
3. yokuphila Active. Uphando lubonisa ukuba umsebenzi ebonakalayo lunciphisa ubungozi izifo phecana zesisu, ukuphazamiseka wamathumbu ebantwini abadala.
4. Nutrition. Ukwalelwa nokudla kukutyeba inegalelo umzimba. Ngaphandle ukutya okunempilo zizityebi ifayibha, into leyo eyenza igalelo kumsebenzi eqhelekileyo emathunjini.