KTR - ukuthini oku kuthetha ntoni? CTE yomntwana

Xa ibhinqa iimeko ezikhethekileyo, ifuna ingqwalasela ephezulu kwiingcali zonyango. Yingakho amaxesha omama abathulelweyo abayalelwe imiqathango eyahlukeneyo, njengokomzekelo, ukuxilongwa kwe-ultrasound. Kule nqaku ndifuna ukuqonda isishwankathelo esifana neKTR: yintoni na kwaye kubaluleke kangakanani la manani.

Malunga nomxholo

Abasetyhini besikhundla basencinane ubuncinane be-ultrasound kuzo zonke iinyanga ezilisithoba ezithwala imvumba. Yaye bayazi ukuba ngoviwo loogqirha ugqiba iiparitha ezahlukeneyo zentsana, kubandakanywa ubukhulu bayo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ixesha ngalinye lokuphuhliswa kwembungu lihambelana nezikhombisi ezithile, ngokubhekiselele kulo ngutitshala onokuthi ukuba ukukhulelwa kuyinto eqhelekileyo. Ingcaciso efana neKTR, yintoni na? Lobu bubungakanani be-coccy-parietal yomntwana esibelethweni.

Yintoni na?

Kutheni ufuna ukwazi la manani? Zihambelana nomzimba womzimba weemvumba kwaye ngenxa yoko, ixesha elichanekileyo lokukhulelwa libalwe (kuqwalaselwa, ngokuqinisekileyo, umhla wokugqibela kwesithanga). Ngoko, ngoko, i-KTR - yintoni na, icatshulwa. Ngoku kuyafaneleka ukukhankanya ukuba ezi zikhombisi zibaluleke kakhulu ukuya kwi-iveki ye-11 yokukhulelwa, ngamanye amaxesha ukuya kwi-yeshumi elinesithathu. Emva kolu xesha, ezinye izikhombisi ziza kuqala, ngokuya kuthi kunokwenzeka njani ukucacisa ukuba umntwana ulungele njani kwisibeleko somama.

Indlela

Ugqirha angenza njani imilinganiselo yokufumana i- CTE yomntwana? Oku kuquka ntoni? Ezi parameters zonyango osebenzayo uya kulinganisa ngexesha le nkqubo, njenge-ultrasonic. Nangona kunjalo, akukho mfazi yena kunye nomntwana wakhe ongeyiva nantoni na. Ugqirha uya kulinganisa i-crumb esuka kwithsaba ukuya kumsila, ulungelelanise la manani kunye netafile kwaye athathe izigqibo ezithile.

Kufanelekile ukuthetha ukuba ixesha elide liza kuhamba, inkulu iya kuba yi-CTE yesibindi. Kuthetha ukuthini oku? Kulula: umntwana uyanda, kwaye ubukhulu bayo buyanda. Ugqirha uza kufumana njani la manani? Uya kudingeka ukuba ahlole umbele wesifazane kumaphulo ahlukeneyo, khetha owodwa apho umntwana ubonwa ngokubhekiselele kwinqanaba leembono, kwaye enze amanyathelo. Ukuba sicinga ukuba umntwana unjani ngeli xesha (umzimba othile ngendlela yesibindi esilungele isangqa), umbuzo uvela malunga nendlela ugqirha angakwazi ngayo ngokuchanekileyo le parameters. Iimilinganiselo kufuneka zenziwe ngexesha apho umbungu ukhulula khona. Kwakhona, iziphumo ezichanekileyo zifumaneka ngexesha apho umntwana enomsebenzi omncinci.

Ixesha

Kwakhona kubalulekile ukusho xa la manani ayaziwa. Ngoko, ixesha elifanelekileyo le-ultrasound yokuqala, xa i-KTR ye-fetus iyaziwa, malunga neveki ye - 11 yokukhulelwa komfazi . Kulo xesha kwaye uvavanyo oluphambili lokukhula komntwana (isibonakaliso esibalulekileyo ngexesha loxilongo) lwenziwa, kwaye umsebenzi wentliziyo yakhe ubonakala. Kwakhona kubalulekile ukusho ukuba ngenxa yezibalo ukuba ixesha lokukhulelwa lingachazwa. Enyanisweni, ngaphambi kokuba, kuqikelele kakhulu, kuba kusekelwe kwizibalo ezilula ukususela kwixesha lokugqibela lokuya esikhathini. Ngaphambili, ibhinqa lingabelwa ukuxilongwa kwe-ultrasound, ukuba kukho ukwesaba ugqirha ngokuphathelele impilo kunye nempilo yomama kunye nombungu.

Norm

Ukuqonda isishwankathelo se-KTR (oko kukuthi kwaye kutheni kuyadingeka), kubalulekile ukuthetha malunga nezikhombisi eziqhelekileyo ezifunyenwe ngolu hlobo. Kukho iithebhile ezithile apho amanani athile abhaliweyo ngeveki nganye. Ukuhlolisisa ezi zikhombisi, unokufumanisa ukuba konke kulungile kakuhle. Kufanelekile ukusho ukuba de iveki yesithandathu yokukhulelwa, i-ultrasound yenzeke kangangoko, ngokuthe rhoqo iitheyibhile ziqala ngeveki yesixhenxe yobomi bombungu. Nangona kunjalo, umntwana oneminyaka ezintlanu ubudala unesayizi ye-5 mm, umntwana oneminyaka ezintandathu uneminyaka eyi-6 mm. Kodwa oku kuqhubekeka lo mkhwa awuyi kugcinwa, njengoko umntwana uya kukhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye aphuhlise. Ngeveki yesixhenxe, i-KTP yomntwana kufuneka ibe malunga ne-10 mm, ngowesibhozo-16 mm, ngomhla wesithoba-engamashumi amabini anesithathu. Umhla wokugqibela weskrini sokuqala kwe-ultrasound wesifazane okhulelwe yiveki le-14. Ngeli xesha, i-CTE yesibindi iya kuba ngama-63 mm! Ukongeza, ukwazi ukuba lo mqondiso awubalulekanga kakhulu (kwaye oogqirha abathinteli ngokubaluleka kakhulu kule nto), kuba ngaphambili kuya kuphuma amanani ahlukeneyo.

Ukuphambuka kwiqela elikhulu

Ngoko, kwintoni i-KTR, oko kuthetha ukuthini, ukuhlulwa, kwakhona kubonwa njengezikhombisi ezifanelekileyo. Kodwa ngelishwa, oku akunjalo ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, izikhombisi ziyahluka ukusuka kwisiganeko esinye okanye esinye. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukukhula ngokukhawuleza kwimbungu kungabonisa ukuba umntwana uya kuba mkhulu kwaye angalinganisa ukuya kwi-4 kg ngexesha lokuzalwa. Kwakhona, oku kungabonisa ukuba ixesha lokukhulelwa ekuqaleni libekwe ngokungafanelekanga.

Ukuphungulwa kwecala elincinci

Ziziphi izalathisi ezinokuthi umfazi okhulelweyo afunde xa enza i-ultrasound? KTP. Yintoni eqondakalayo. Ubungakanani beCoccyx-parietal. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha kukho iimeko apho amanani aphantsi kancinane kunezo eziboniswe kwitheyibhile. Yintoni engayithetha ngayo? Okokuqala, kwakhona, ukuba ixesha lokukhulelwa kwangaphambili lasekwa kuqala. Musa ukwesaba, oku kudla njalo kwangoko, kwaye kamva la manani angatshintshwa. Ukuba i-embryo ayikhulanga, ingabonisa ukuba umntwana okhutshileyo useqabile ekuphuhlisweni kwawo, oko kukuthi, wafa (kulula ukucacisa ngobukho okanye ukungabikho kwezinto zokunyanga komzimba, kunye nokuhamba komntwana).

Akuqhelekanga kwimiba xa ukungabikho kwe-hormone yomama kuba yimbangela yokukhulelwa kwesisu. Ukuxhatshazwa kokukhula nokuphuhliswa kwe-fetus kunokufumana izifo ezazisasazekayo ezinokuthi zibe ngumzimba womama. Oku kufanelekile ukwazi. I-embryo inokukhula ngokukhawuleza nokuba ingaba nezifo ezithile zofuzo. Umzekelo, isifo se-Down, uPatau, Edwards. Ukukhula komntwana esibelethweni kunokuchaphazeleka nezifo zangaphakathi zowesifazane, iingxaki zomzimba kunye neengxaki ze-thyroid. Kwaye ekugqibeleni, kutheni umntwana angakwazi ukukhula ngokukhawuleza esibelethweni-ezi ziintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeembilini zombeleko, ezinokuzibonakalisa ngokwazo ngenxa yokukhupha izisu zangaphambili.