Iyintoni intaba ephezulu eAfrika? I-Kilimanjaro: inkcazo, ifoto

I-Afrika yilizwekazi elingaqhelekanga kuma-Eurasia amaninzi. Apha kukho iindawo ezinkulu zentlango kunye neentsana, izilwanyana ezingaqhelekanga zifunyenwe kwaye izityalo ezimangalisayo zikhula. Ngaba uyazi ukuba ziphi iintaba eziphezulu kwi-Afrika? Amagama athile kubo siwakhumbula ngenkqubo yesikolo, ezinye aziwazanga ngokupheleleyo.

Inkcazelo ngokubanzi

Into ephambili yeli zwekazi kukuba iintaba eziphakamileyo azikho kwiindawo eziboshwe. Umzekelo, intaba ephakamileyo eAfrika ifumaneka kwi-plateau yaseMpuma Afrika. Kwintshona-ntshona-ntshona kunye nezantsi kwelizwekazikazi iintaba eziphangiweyo-iAtlas neKapa. Ii-Highlands zaseTiyopiya (i-Abyssinian) ziseNtla-ntshona, i-Aberdarskiy Range iphakathi kweli zwekazi, i-Drakensberg Mountains zibheke ezantsi, kunye ne-Ahaggar isenyakatho-ntshona. Ukongezelela, i-Afrika idume ngokuqhutyelwa kweentaba-mlilo eziqhelanisiweyo (i-Kilimanjaro neComeroon).

Intaba ephakamileyo eAfrika-Kilimanjaro

Olu luhlu oluphakamileyo lweentaba luququzelele ezintlangeni ezintathu ezinqothukileyo - iMavenzi (5129 m), iShira (3962 m) kunye ne-Kibo (5895 m). Ngako oko, ukuphakama kwentaba ephakamileyo eAfrika ngamamitha ama-5,895. Uluhlu lufumaneka kwinqaba laseMasai. Namhlanje, izazinzulu azikho ubungqina bombhalo bokuthi kumaxesha amandulo kwakukho umsebenzi we-volcanic, kuphela iimbali ezikushoyo. Endaweni yaseKilimanjaro namhlanje, ukukhishwa kwegesi kuphela ngexesha elikhunjulwayo. Nangona kunjalo, kwixesha elidlulileyo, ukutshintshwa kunye nokuhlaselwa kwamanzi kwakubhaliswa.

Intaba ephakamileyo eAfrika idume ngokuba yi-ice cap, ekubeni i-peak ikhusele ii-glaciers kwiminyaka emininzi. Namhlanje, abaninzi oososayensi bavakalisa ukwesaba ukuba le nqanawa enkulu yekhephu inokuphela kwimihla ezayo. Mhlawumbi, ukwesaba kwabo akusiyo ndawo - kwiminyaka eyi-100 edlulileyo, i-cap iyancipha malunga nama-80%. Oku akusikho ukunyuka kweqondo lokushisa, kodwa kuxhomekeke ekunciphiseni kwenani leenyoka eziwela kuloo mmandla.

Intaba ephakamileyo eAfrika yafunyanwa ngo-1848 ngumfundisi waseJamani uJohann Rebman. Ngesihlandlo sokuqala isiHungary sibala ukuba uSamuel Telleki uzame ukunqoba intlanganiso, kodwa yangeniswa kuphela ngo-1889 ukuya kumhambi waseJamani uHan Meyer kunye nomlingane wakhe wase-Austria uLudwig Purtcheller.

Intaba yaseKenya

Le akuyona intaba ephezulu e-Afrika, nangona kunjalo, ukuphakama kwayo kufinyelela kumamitha angama-5199. INtaba yaseKenya iyinxalenye ye-stratovolcano engapheliyo kunye nenye yezona zihamba phambili eziphakamileyo zeentaba zelizwekazi laseAfrika. Itholakala kwiNtaba yeNtaba yaseKenya yaseKenya, eyasungulwa ngo-1949 ukukhusela indawo ejikelezileyo.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukunyuka kule ntaba kuqhutyelwa ezintabeni ezintathu-uBatian, uNelion kunye nePalen Lenan. Ukusuka kwindawo yokubukela kwezobugcisa, eyona nto ifikeleleke kwaye ilula yiPalen Lenana, esezantsi-mpuma ye-massif.

Iingcali zenzululwazi zikholelwa ukuba malunga neebhiliyoni ezimbini kwiminyaka edlulileyo-iNtaba yaseKenya yayiyi-volcano esebenzayo. Kukho ingqungquthela yokuba kwezo zihlandlo ezikude zazingaphezulu kweCilimanjaro.

Ngo-1849, yavulwa ngumthunywa wevangeli waseJamani u-Johann Krapf, kwaye iminyaka engama-34 kamva yaqinisekiswa yi-J. Thompson, owayengumhloli-mfuyo, owafika enyawo lwawo entshona.

Cameroon

Le ntaba ithathwa njengeyona ndawo ephakamileyo kwintsimi yaseMntla Afrika. Ukuphakama kwayo ngu-4070 kumitha. Ngeli xesha liqhubeka libonisa umsebenzi we-volcanic. Ukugqitywa kokugqibela kweCameroon kubhalwe ngo-2000. Umphezulu weentaba ahlale ehlanganiswe ngekhephu, ngezinye izihlandlo kuvela kukho. Intaba-mlilo inamanye amagama - uFako no-Mongo Ma Ndemi - njengoko abantu basekuhlaleni bayabiza.

Le ntaba yafumaniswa ngabanqwelisi basePortugal - amalungu ohambo, owayeseshayela i-Afrika eNdiya. Wawunqoba i-summit ngo-1861 nguRichard Francis Burton.

Higikands

Itholakala kwicandelo elisenyakatho-mpuma yelizwekazikazi, e-Ethiopia, e-Eritrea, kunye nxalenye enyakatho yeSomalia. Ingongoma ephakamileyo ibhekwa njengeNtaba yeRas-Dashen. Ubude bayo buyi-4,550 emitha. Empuma nasenzantsi iinqununu zeentaba ziphezulu. Zihla ezantsi ezihlalweni ezinzulu. Izikhokelo zasentshonalanga ziyahlula ngefom ephezulu, zinqunywe yiinkanyane ezinzulu zeBlue Nile. Iziqithi ziyahlula iinqanaba eziziintlobo ezihlukeneyo (iibers). Ii- Highlands zamaTopiya zakhiwa ngama- gneisses, i-crystalline schists, ezona ziphezulu.

Kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni kukho isimo semozulu, esivumela ukuba sikhulise imithi yekhofi, rye kunye nengqolowa. Ukongezelela, kukho ezininzi iiminerali - igolide, i-platinum, isulfure, ithusi kunye netsimbi ye-iron. Ivelisa amalahle omdaka, i-limestone kunye ne-gypsum.

IAtlas Mountains

Uluhlu lweentaba lusekuntla-ntshona kweli zwekazi. Kwixesha elide kwakukholelwa ukuba lithela ukusuka kunxweme lwe-Atlantic Ocean ukuya eMorokota ukuya kumanxweme aseTunisia. Namhlanje kuqinisekiswe ukuba ityula i-2300 km ukusuka eKapa Sirtov ukuya eKotei.

Iintaba zeAtlas zihlukaniswe kwiNxweme yaseMedithera kunye neAtlantic ngeJaji laseSahara. Zininzi iindonga. Ingongoma ephezulu yale mandla yiNtaba iTubkal (4167 m).