Ushicilelo kunye neencwadi eziBhaliweyo, Iingongoma
Itafile zexesha leTimur (ubomi kunye nomsebenzi). Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev (1803-1873 gg.)
UFedor Tyutchev ungumlobi onomsebenzi ongulifa elixabisekileyo lweencwadi zesiRashiya. Imisebenzi yakhe inemisebenzi eninzi kwaye iyenzileyo, iingoma zakhe zisesisodwa zothando, indawo kunye nefilosofi, uthando kunye nengqondo. Itheyibhile yeTyutchev ngokukhawuleza, kodwa ichaza ngokucacileyo kwiminyaka ebalulekileyo yobomi bombongo.
Iminyaka yobuntwana bombongo
Itheyibhile yeTyutchev yokulandelana kwexesha lakhe kwiminyaka yokuqala yobomi bakhe ichaza imbongi yobuntwaneni nobutsha. UTyutchev wabhala umbongo wakhe wokuqala "Kumntata wam othandekayo" eneminyaka eyi-15. Ngethuba esikolweni sasekhaya, uFi Tyutchev wayesebeneminyaka elilishumi elinesibhozo wayezibandakanya kwiinguqulelo zeHorace. "I-Epistle yeHorace eya kumaMaecenas" yashicilelwa kwimisebenzi yoMbutho Wezintando Zencwadi ZaseRussia, ilungu layo elineminyaka elishumi elinesibini elingu-Fyodor Tyutchev (ifoto ibonakala kwinqaku elingezantsi).
Ulutsha
Ininzi imibongo malunga nokuthanda kunye ne-autrasiki ibhalwe kakade kwiminyaka yabafundi yembongi, xa isangqa soqhagamshelwano kubandakanye abalobi abanamava kunye nabagxekayo.
Ngomnyaka we-1828, ubugcisa obudumiweyo "Ndiyathanda iSibhakabhaka ekuqaleni koMeyi" kwanyatheliswa, eyabhalwa nguFedor Ivanovich Tyutchev. Iindinyana zeembongi zixutywe nge-metaphysics. Udibanisa ngobuchule amacandelo amabini endalo: umhlaba kunye nobunzulu, ngaphakathi, ngengqondo.
Ushicilelo
Emva kwemibongo eyashicilelwe eSovremennik "Akunjalo ukuba u-wriggle, imvelo", "Kwimeko yokuthula emoyeni" iTyutchev yaqala ukuthetha ngeebongi ezidumileyo kunye nabalobi bexesha. Imibongo yakhe yayinomxholo wefilosofi kunye nomfanekiso. Ubume phantsi kwepeni likaFyodor Ivanovich lwalunokomoya kwaye lwalunempilo, umfanekiso kunye neengcamango malunga naye zaba enye. Umbongi-isifubi-sophrofethi wayecinga ngokugqithiseleyo ukuguquka okukude ngexesha lakhe. Ubunono beTyutchev buxakile kunye nexhala kunye neentlekele. I-Tyutchev ayizange ixhase iinguqulelo, kodwa yayinomdla kwizinto eziqaqambileyo zembali.
Itheyibhile yokulandelana kweTychechev
| NgoNovemba 23 (ngokwemiqathango entsha kaDisemba 5) 1803 | UFedor Ivanovich uTyutchev wazalelwa. I-biographie yombongi omkhulu uqalise kwiphondo lase-Orel (okwangoku isithili saseBryansk) |
| 1810 | UTyttchev wathuthela eMoscow ukuba ahlale endlwini yakhe eArmenian Lane. Abazali banquma ukunyula unyana kaFedor umfundisi kwaye bakhetha imbongi kunye nomguquleli S. Ye Raich. Utitshala wafaka uFyodor Ivanovich unomdla wokubhala iincwadi kunye nezibongo ukususela esemncinci, kwaye sele sele eneminyaka elilishumi elinesibini elinguTyutchev liguqulelwe ngokucacileyo iHorace |
| 1812 | Ngexesha lokuhlala eMoscow nguNapoleon, intsapho yaseTyutchev yafudukela eJaroslavl, yaza yabuyela eMoscow |
| 1819 | Kulo nyaka umsebenzi wokuqala kaFedor Tyutchev wapapashwa - ukuguqulelwa kwee "Epistles of Horace kuya kumaMaecenas". Ekwindla, umbongi omkhulu waseRussia ozayo ungena kwiYunivesithi yaseMoscow kwisebe lomlomo |
| Kwindla ka 1821 | UFedor Tyutchev uba ngumviwa wezenzi zomlomo. Konke oku, uyamenywa ukuba asebenze eYurophu njengegosa elingaphezulu |
| 1822 | NgoJulayi iThivchev ishiya eMunich. Kulo mzi uhlala iminyaka engama-22 ezayo. EBavaria, ubambe iqhaza ekuguquleleni imisebenzi ngabalobi njengoHeine noSchiller. E-Munich, uFyodor Tyutchev wayevuyiswa gqitha yifilosofi yaseJamani kunye neengoma zothando, kwakungoku ngeli xesha umlobi omkhulu waseRashiya ufumana isakhelo esithile esikhethekileyo |
| 1823 ngonyaka | UTythchev wadibana no-Amalia von Lerchenfeld, intombi engekho mthethweni kaKumkani wasePrussia, uFriedrich Wilhelm III. UTyttchev uthanda ngothando ngothando lwakhe kwaye uzama ukufezekisa isimo sakhe. Kodwa ngoxa iFyodor Ivanovich yayingekho, intombi yasebukhosini yathatha ibhonon eyayingumhlobo waseRashiya |
| 1826 ngonyaka | Ngo-Matshi umfana waseTyutchev watshata no-Countess Botmer. Wayengumdala oneminyaka engama-4 kunoFedor Ivanovich, ongumhlolokazi, wayenabantwana abancinci abatshatayo emibini. Umlobi wayehlala no-Countess waseBotmer iminyaka eyi-12, kule mtshato intombi ezintathu zazalwa. Ukunyanzeliswa kweFedor Tyutchev ngeli xesha kwakumthobe kakhulu, intsapho yayisetyala malunga naso sonke ixesha |
| 1828 | Ebhalwa enye yezibongo zaseRussia ezidumileyo "Ndiyathanda isithwathwa ekuqaleni kukaMeyi" |
| 1829 | Imibongo ebhaliweyo "Ngohlobo lwangokuhlwa", "Ukungabonakali" kunye ne "Umbono", ngokugqithiseleyo kugxininisa ingoma yefilosofi yaseTyutchev |
| 1830 | Kuye kwakhiwa umxholo weencwadi zehlabathi uSilentium!, Kunye "neAkwindla kusihlwa" |
| 1833 | NgoFebruwari, imbongi leyo yadibana no-Ernestina Denberg oneminyaka engama-22, udade wengxelo yommeli uPfeffel. Wayengumhle wokwenene, uTyutchev wayengenakudlula. I-biography ye-imbongi-yefilosofi yafumana ukujika. Umfazi wakhe osemthethweni u-Eleanor wafumanisa ngokunyuka komyeni wakhe kwaye wayefuna nokuzibulala, kodwa ekugqibeleni waxolela iTyutchev. Le inoveli yayimangalisa kakhulu, kwaze kwaba sekude kangangokuba uFedor Ivanovich wadluliselwa eMunich waya eTurin |
| 1836 | Kwakukho umcimbi obalulekileyo kakhulu kumsebenzi kaTyutchev. U-Pushkin kwimagazini yakhe ethi "Contemporary" ipapashwe imibongo kaFyodor Ivanovich |
| 1838 | Ngo-Agasti 28, umfazi kaTyutchev u-Eleanor wafa. UFedor Ivanovich wabuhlungu kakhulu ngenxa yokufa komfazi wakhe |
| 1839 | UFedor Tyutchev ugqiba ukutshata no-Ernestina, nangona ulwalamano lwabo lubangele ihlazo emphakathini. Emtshatweni u-Ernestina ubeletha imbongi 2 |
| 1841 ngonyaka | Umbongi wayenyanqatshelwa kwinqanaba le-chamberlain, wasuswa kwinkonzo yoluntu |
| 1843 | I-Tyutchev ibhala ngokuyinhloko ngamaqela ezopolitiko: "IRashiya neJamani," "iRashiya kunye neRevolution," isebenza emsebenzini "" iRashiya kunye neNtshona " |
| 1844 | Umlobi omkhulu waseRashiya wabuyela eRashiya waza waqala ukuthatha inxaxheba ebomini bemihlaba yelizwe |
| 1848 | Iimbono zezopolitiko zikaFyodor Ivanovich zihlaba umxhwele umlawuli waseRussia uNiclas I. Tiutchev wanikwa kwakhona isihloko sikaClainlain kwaye wayeqeshwe nguNgqongqoshe wezeMicimbi yeZangaphandle eSt. Petersburg. |
| 1850 | UFyodor Ivanovich uyathandana no-Elena Denisiev, owayesebenza njengowesifazane oyintsikelelo kwi- Institute of Smolny, apho wafunda khona intombi yembongi. Ngelo xesha, ukuqhubeka uthanda u-Ernestina, iTyutchev igqiba ukuhlala kwizindlu ezimbini. U-Elena Denisyeva uthanda noTyutchev. Wazalela umntwana wendlovu nentombi, eyayiba nobomi obunzima ngaloo xesha "engekho mthethweni" |
| 1851 ngonyaka | Umlobi ubhala inkondlo "Yeka indlela evuya ngayo ukubetha kweempuphu zasehlotyeni," "Hayi, indlela esiyithandayo ngayo" |
| 1854 ngonyaka | Iqoqo lokuqala leenkondlo nguFedor Tyutchev lipapashwa. Ukongezwa kwimixholo ethi "Contemporary" 92 yapapashwa. Phakathi kwabo, imbongo ethi "Last Love", eyanikezelwa kwiDenisyeva. Ukwazisa ubugcisa bokuthi uTyutchev uLevi Tolstoy |
| Meyi 22, 1864 | U-Elena Denisyeva wazala enye unyana evela eTyutchev. Kungekudala emva koko, wafumana isifo sofuba waza wafa. UTyutchev bonke ubomi bakhe babethetha ukufa kwakhe. Emva kokufa kuka-Elena Denisyeva uTyutchev kunye nomkakhe u-Ernestina. Kwiminyaka elandelayo yobomi bakhe umbongi uzinikezela kwiingxaki zezopolitiko kwaye usebenza ekukhangela inkqubo efanelekileyo ye-Russia yangaphandle. |
| 1868 | Iqoqo yesibini ye-intravital yeFedor Tyutchev ibonakala iphrinta |
| NgoJanuwari 1, 1873 | UTyutchev wahamba ukuhamba, kodwa kungekudala wabuyiselwa, isigxina sakhe satshatyalaliswa ngokukhubazeka |
| Julayi 15, 1873 | Umlobi omkhulu waseRashiya washona eTsarskoe Selo |
Umtshato wokuqala
Ngaphambi kokuba kuzalwe intombi ka-Anna uTyttchev wagcwala iimvakalelo ezinzulu kakhulu ngomfazi wakhe wokuqala, u-Eleanor Botmer. Ngaphambi kobuqili bobuhlanga, bambalwa abanokuma.
Isiqingatha sesibini sobomi
Itheyibhile yokulandelana kwesiqingatha sesibini seTyutchev yobomi bembongo sizele iziganeko. Ekubeni ngo-1834 imbongi imbalo yaqalisa into kunye nodade ocebileyo ofundiswe ngu-Pfeffel. Emva kokufa komfazi wakhe wokuqala, iTyutchev ingena emtshatweni womthetho no-Ernestina.
Ngowe-1848, imbongi imbhali ithi "uLwandle kunye neRwala". Kuyo ichaza ukungabi namandla komntu phambi kwento, phambi kwendalo kunye neengxabano ezingapheliyo emhlabeni jikelele.
Umgcino wokugcina wembongi
Ngowe-1850-1855 iTyutchev yathandana nomfazi weklasi weentombi zakhe u-Elena Denisyev, udala "umjikelezo waseDenyeyeky." Isibongo sakhe esidumileyo "O, indlela esiyithandayo ngayo" inikezelwa kuye. Uthando oluhlabelelwe kule mibongo yiyona nto yintsingiselo yobomi, yindlela kuphela yokufumana ulonwabo lomntu. Umbhali uyambiza ukuba bobabini benovuyo kwaye bangathembeki.
Imbongi yeSlavophile
NgoNovemba 28, 1866 imbongi ibhala inkondlo eyaziwayo "Ingqondo ayiyiqondi iRashiya." Ibonisa ngokupheleleyo iimbono zeSlavophile, eziphakanyiswe ngokugqithiseleyo nguFeodor Ivanovich Tyutchev. Ezi ndinyana zichaza ubunqwenela beengqondo zaseRussia, ukungahambisani nokuziphatha kwabantu baseRussia, ububanzi kunye nokupha komphefumlo.
Ukufa
NgoJanuwari 1, 1873 uFyodor Ivanovich waya ehambahamba, apho athathwe khona ekhaya engazange azibone. Isiqingatha esisekhohlo somzimba wakhe sasiphene. NgoJulayi 15, ngaloo nyaka umlobi omkhulu waseRashiya washona.
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