Ubunjani uMnu Yu. Lermontov - isihloko esichumayo sokufunda. Abafundi besikolo, njengomthetho, banomdla ngokwenene kwixesha elibi lembongi, inzululwazi, ukungabonakali kobuntu, ithwala isandi esicacisayo, sithinta isizungu kunye nokungaqondi kakuhle kunye nabahlobo abasondeleyo nabahlobo. Imibongo kaMikhail Yuryevich kulula kwaye ngenwaba ukufunda ngenhliziyo. Mhlawumbi, kuphela imisebenzi enzima, yezenzo-zefilosofi, njengokomzekelo, "i-Duma" yezilwanyana, kunokubangela ubunzima ekuchazeni nasekuqondeni.
Isingeniso kwisihloko
Kunengqiqo kakhulu ngutitshala okanye umfundi (ngokufundisa komfundisi) ukwenza ingxelo encinci yentetho kwiimeko zentlalo kunye nembali yaseRashiya kuma-1930 no-1940. Uhlalutyo lokuqala lo mbongo "I-Duma". ULermontov - kubalulekile ukugxininisa oku - ngaba ngummeli wengxenye ephakamileyo yabasifa. Wazicingela yena kunye nesizukulwana sakhe sindlalifa zokomoya kunye nabazuzi be-Decembrists. Umbuso wama-tsarist wenza konke okusemandleni ukususa kwimemori ye-intelligentsia kunye nabantu iziganeko ezenzeka ngo-1825. Kwafika ixesha lokuphendula nokungaphelelwa ixesha, intshutshiso yazo yonke ingcamango ephilileyo, ingcamango ebalulekileyo, oko kukuthi, yonke into eyahlukileyo nomgaqo-nkqubo we-autocracy. Kwaye bonke abantu abaphikisayo nabanqabileyo bekulinde ukuhlawula okukufutshane, i-Pushkin iyona mzekelo ocacileyo. Ngeli xesha, utitshala kufuneka agxininise ingqalelo kwiklasi, ukuqala ukuhlalutya kwenkondlo "i-Duma". ULermontov kunye nabalandeli bakhe bazama ukuchasa ubukhoboka bangaphandle kunye nenkululeko yabo yangaphakathi, baxhomeke kubo, kwilizwe labo eliphakathi-oku kwakukho uhlobo lokubhikisha ngokuchasene. Nangona kunjalo, iinzame zenzeke ukuba yimpazamo, ingcamango. Kwaye umsebenzi okhuni wengcamango kwaholela ekusebenzeni ngokupheleleyo, inertia. Ezi zinto ziyimfuneko yokuba imbongi idale iinkunzi zakhe ezinobukrakra ngo-1838, umxholo wayo uhlalutyo olubi kakhulu kwisizukulwana sakhe nesigwebo esinzima kuye.
Ukufunda ngentliziyo nokutolika
Isigaba esilandelayo sesifundo sifunda ngentliziyo kwaye sihlalutye imbongo "I-Duma". ULermontov, ngokubhekiselele kumgxeki uV Belinsky, wachaza kuye izizathu zokudangala kwakhe, ukuphazamiseka, ukungakholelwa kwiminqweno, kunye neengxaki zabemi bexesha lakhe. Kukho kuzo ukuba abafundi, kunye kunye notitshala, kufuneka bahlulwe. Abafundi besikolo bayabuzwa imibuzo emininzi: misela indlela yokuvakalelwa kwemvakalelo yomsebenzi; Ukuchonga iziko eziphambili ze-lexical and semantic zazo, ezibonisa amagama abalulekileyo; Chaza isikhala sobugcisa sesicatshulwa sombhalo. Utitshala kufuneka azame ukufikelela kwingcamango "yokucamngca", ukuvelisa uhlalutyo lwesibongo esithi "Duma" kwiklasi. I-Lermontov, eqinisweni, yaziswa kwiincwadi zesiRashiya iqhawe elitsha-ubuntu obonakalisa: umntu onengqondo, ukucinga, rhoqo kunye nakuyo yonke into yokungabaza. Ukuzihlalutya, ukucinga okubalulekileyo kwento yokwenene kunye nokwayo yinto ehlukile kuye kunye nenxalenye ebhetele yoluntu oluhle. Kubalulekile ukunikela ingqalelo kwiinqununu zezibhengezo kwisibongo kwaye ufikelele kwisigqibo: Ingxoxo yePoet malunga nexesha kwaye ngaye ngokwakhe yiyo "iDuma". I-Lermontov (uhlalutyo oluqhubekayo) ukusuka kumntu "Ndiya" uvela kwi-jikelele "We", ngokugcwele ngokuhlanganyela uxanduva lokungabikho, ukungabi nentsingiselo yobomi babo, ukunganakali kokomoya nokungabikho kwezopolitiko. Uhambisa umnqweno owenzela ulutsha oluhle, ukungakholelwa ngamandla abo kunye namandla. Esi sicwangciso sengqondo sichaza iiproetics eziphambili zomsebenzi.
Umsebenzi obhaliweyo
Unokwakheka kwi-laboratory yokudala yembongi, ubonise indlela "iDuma" eyakhiwa ngayo. ULermontov udala ivesi yakhe kumzekelo wee-quatrains. Ngaba abafundi babhale imigca yokugqibela nganye. Isiphephelo sifike kusiphi isigqibo? Ziziphi iindlela zobugcisa nezindlela zobugcisa ezisetyenziswayo? Yintoni eyenziwa ngabo?
Isigaba sokugqibela kunye nezigqibo
Kule nqanaba, sifundo sifanele shwa nkathelwe. Yenza, ubhale izigqibo eziyimfuneko. Nceda abafundi bachaze izimvo zabo malunga nemiba ekhoyo. Ukuchonga ubudlelwane kunye nosuku. Bonisa umzekelo wesifundo izizathu eziphambili zeengoma zikaLermontov.