Isomers of heptane: lweempawu jikelele kunye nesicelo

Alkanes (paraffins, hydrocarbon elizele) - biosoedineniya eyenziwa kuphela athom C no H, apho bonke athom anxulunyaniswa ngeentambo ezilula kelly. I ilula hydrocarbon paraffinic yi methane. series nganye kweziveliso ze-hydrocarbon ezahlukeneyo ukusuka odlulileyo ukwenzela ukuba iqela CH2. Kolu ngcelele iikhompawundi amalungu ezikufutshane zahlukile enye kwenye kwi umahluko homology (CH2) series efanayo kuthiwa homologous. Kuba abanjalo series luphawulwa ngeempawu yemichiza efanayo kunye neempawu zomzimba ziyahluka rhoqo.

Lo mthombo uphambili njini alaknov - oyile. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kuxhomekeke nokuqulunqwa zengqo- yedipozithi. hydrocarbon ezihluthiyo iba umthombo esibalulekileyo formaldehyde, methanol, chloroform, iiplastiki, nentlaka zokwenziwa, glycol, acetone, glycerol, propylene, ezinepolypropylene, zokwenziwa irabha butandienovogo, acetate acid njl Xa alkanes kushishino efunyenwe shale kunye namalahle emdaka. Phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo, alkanes - into afana egalelwe. Bushushu, abayi musa basebenzisane nayo nayiphi acid sulfate wamandla okanye zesinyithi kwealkali okanye alkalis abuhlungu. Paraffins ngokulula ukulingwa reactions endaweni, apho kuphuma ngokusebenzisa iindlela zokusombulula olukhulu. Xa iimeko thermal, ukuba oxidize bathole yokubola.

isomers Heptane inokufunyanwa zombini ngeendlela eqhelekileyo ye Yindibanisela alkanes, kwakunye kude ukusuka ipetroli eyenziweyo okanye oyile. n-Heptane - ulwelo ezingenambala kunye livumba betyhafile iimpawu, oko enyibilikayo kakuhle izinyibilikisi eziphilayo (ethanol, chloroform, diethyl kaEtere). Heptane isomers, xa triptane ethile (2,2,3-trimethylbutane - CH3-C (CH3) 2-CH (CH3) -CH3) ube nokusebenzisa practical. Le compound lisetyenziswa additive amafutha motor. Isomers of heptane equlethwe amaqhezu ipetroli kwe oli negesi condensate. n-Heptane - standard ephambili ekumiseleni yezinto zobumnini detonation fuels પ્રતિલિપિ ikopi. Ngexesha ukuguqula le n-hexane aguqulwa abe isomers of heptane, ngoko ezimbaxa enuka kamnandi xa degidrotsikliziruetsya - toluene.

Organic chemistry, into ebanga isomerism. Kukho iindidi ezimbini eziphambili ze isomerism - zesakhiwo stereoisomers. uhlobo ngalunye lungahlulwa-hlulwa zibe iintlobo: isomerism ikhonkco ezizizembiwa, ukubekwa iibhondi kabini kunye namaqela ezisebenzayo kwi carboxylic ngokugqibeleleyo, metamerism, isomers namasekela indawo benzelnom engundoqo. A indawo ekhethekileyo phakathi stereoisomerism kuthatha isomers ezamehlo. Olu hlobo linxulunyaniswa amandla amaqela athile kwezinto komgquba izisombululo kombisa umsebenzi optical. Substances ukuba ikwazi ukubonisa umsebenzi enombala, ebizwa izinto optically esebenzayo. Isomerism organic uzimisele usebenzisa isixhobo okhethekileyo - polarimeter. Le fowuni kufakwa prisms ezimbini Nicolas analyzer tube polarimetric.

Optically imichiza esebenzayo badla khona njengoko isomers ezimbini okubonakalayo. Ezi zibizwa antipodes enombala okanye enantiomers. Umxube eyakhiwa izixa equimolar of enantiomeric, optically abapholileyo, kuthiwa racemate okanye kwiyadi racemic. Racemates zibonakaliswe yi ± umqondiso. Le into optically esebenzayo elula zincancise yomoya acid apho kukho enye atom carbon yezi, a Valence leyo kunxulumene substituents ezine ezahlukeneyo - hydrogen, hydroxyl, imethyl, kunye namaqela carboxyl.

compound nganye organic ube molecule lixabiso carbon atom yezi olukhoyo ngohlobo iimilo lomhlaba (patterns) kunye nemali elinye atom efanayo kunye namaqela atomic libekwa le carbon yezi zinto, ukuze, xa yokudibanisa kubo (iimilo, iiphatheni) kwisithuba akakwazi ukufikelela ukuqondana yabo epheleleyo. Le modeli ezifanayo njengoko ekunene sesandla sasekhohlo umntu okanye into kunye nomfanekiso walo esipilini. Ngako oko ke kuthiwa isomers chiral kunye isomerism - enombala, okanye esipilini.