Isixeko saseJelgava, eLatvia: apho ikhona, ezikhangayo

Ngumuphi umzi onokuwufumana umhlambi wehashe zasendle? Uhamba ngomkhumbi weViking? Ndiya kuthatha phi inxaxheba kwimikhosi yomnxeba kunye neqhwa? Ewe, kukho iindawo ezincinci kwihlabathi. Namhlanje isihloko sethu sisiqendu saseJelgava, eLatvia. Nanku wonke umntu angayifumana ingqesho ekuthandweni kwayo, kuba iJelgava idume ngezikhumbuzo zayo zenkcubeko kunye nezokwakha, indawo ekhethekileyo kwaye, ngokuqinisekileyo, imbali yayo.

Indawo yeso sixeko

I-Jelgava ithwala igama eliziqhenyayo le "iparele leZemgale" (enye yeemimandla ezintlanu zaseLatvia). Kwaye akumangalisi - emva kokuba yonke idolophu isentliziyweni yalo mmandla. Ukusuka eRiga Jelgava ihlukanisa i-40 km ukusuka eJurmala - 46 km. Oku kukuvumela ukuba wenze uhambo lweentsuku ukuya kwidolophu yaseLatvia, kunye nohambo olude.

Imbali yenkunzi yaseColland

Kunzima ukucinga, kodwa malunga newaka elisixhenxe leminyaka edlulileyo indawo apho iJelgava namhlanje ifihlwe phantsi kwekholam yamanzi. I-Zemgale Plain yaqulunqwa ekupheleni kwexesha lokulwa. Ukusuka kumzantsi, amaSmigalliya aya kule ntsimi. Kwenzeke malunga namawaka amane eminyaka edlulileyo. Igama lesizwe labizwa ngeli lizwe. Umsebenzi oyintloko wabemi baseSmigalli kwakukuzaliswa kweenkomo kunye nezolimo. Kwaye emva kokuphakanyiswa kweenqaba, ukuphuhliswa kwezorhwebo kunye nemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo yaqala. Ngendlela, kwiingxelo zikhankanywe kunye nechweba, ekude kude neJelgava.

Inzululwazi nabaphandi bathi - kwakuyikhulu le-12 ukubonakala kwesi sixeko, esaziwa ngokuba yiJelgava, singabonwa. ILatvia (okanye kunoko, izizwe ezihlala kula mazwe) zathi zixhomekeke kwiinkcenkceshe. AmaSmigallians aqala umzabalazo olwa namaKreseli ngo-1219. Ingcaciso malunga nale ntsimi ingabikho kwi XII leminyaka ukuya kwi XIV yekhulu . Kodwa ngo-1573 uJelgava wathola isikhundla salo sixeko, kwaza kwabonakala ingubo yesixeko. Kwiminyaka engama-217, ukususela ngo-1578 ukuya ku-1795, i-Palace yaseJelgava yayihlala kwiDuke. Ngomnyaka we-1616 isixeko sasibizwa ngokuba yinkunzi yeRandland.

Ukuba yidolophu enkulu ye-duchy, uJelgava waqala ukuphuhlisa. Kwakukho iinqaba, ukunikezelwa kwamanzi. Igama lesibili lesi sixeko lizwakala njengeMetava. Ukuguqulelwa kwalo - "utshintshiselwano" okanye "utshintshisane". Yaye akumangalisi: ngenxa yobudlelwane bezorhwebo bombutho wendawo, abantu babengazi nje ngeenkcubeko zaseYurophu, kodwa kunye nempahla yezilwandle! Xa iJelgava yaba yindawo ebalulekileyo yokuthenga, abemi besixeko bazama iwayini, iitapile kunye nekhofi. Ngaphandle koko, idolophu yaseLatvia idlala indima yesikhungo sezopolitiko. Ngooncedo lweYelgava, oonxibelelwano lwaseMpuma-West babehlala bequlunqwe.

Ngo-1795, uJelgava waba yingxenye yolawulo lwaseRashiya. Esi sixeko saqhubeka sikhula kwaye siphuthuma: sibonga ngokubonakala komzila ka-1868 nabarhwebi, abahwebi kunye nootitshala abafudukela apha. Ngaphambi kokuqhambuka kweMfazwe Yehlabathi I, isibalo sabantu besixeko sasingabantu abayi-45 000!

Isixeko saseJelgava: saphila kwimfazwe

Kwiminyaka yemfazwe uJelgava wonakaliswe kakhulu. Ngomnyaka we-1915 kwaqulunqwa isithwaba se-Latvian riflemen kwisixeko. Kuze kube ngo-1919, uJelgava wayehlala. Kulo dolophu i-Bolsheviks, iinqwelo zaseJamani kunye nabaqaphi bokulwa nokuzimela. Uloyiso lwaba luyiphumelele ngolu hlobo. Ekugqibeleni eLatvia yazimela.

Ngo-1940, iJelgava (eLatvia) yaba yinxalenye ye-USSR. Kwathi emva kokusayinwa kwePlolov-Ribbentrop Pact. Kwaye amaJamani ahlala kwisixeko, athuthela eJamani.

Imfazwe Yehlabathi Yesibili nayo yachaphazela ukubonakala kwesi sixeko. Iziko lembali, umzila weloliwe Iingingqi ezingama-90 zezindlu kunye nezakhiwo zoshishino zatshatyalaliswa. Ekusebenzeni kweJelgava kwavela ngoJuni 29, 1941 kwaze kwaba sekupheleni kukaJulayi 1944.

Ngokukhawuleza emva kwemfazwe, kwakhiwa isakhiwo esikhulu esixekweni. EJelgava, izindlu ezintsha, izakhiwo zolawulo, amaziko eenkcubeko avela. Izakhiwo ezindala - amaKedrals, iNtloko yaseMetava, izakhiwo zemfundo zabuyiselwa.

Ibalaphu kunye nengubo yeengalo zeJelgava

Iflegi yedolophu yaseLatvia yiphaneli emibini yombala. Ngowe-1938 imibala yavunywa - i-blue blue kunye ne-claret. Ephakathi kweflegi yengubo yeengalo zeso sixeko-isilumkiso senhloko ye-elk. Iprofayile yesilwanyana iphendukele ngakwesobunxele. Umfanekiso wentloko uselekhunjini elibomvu, inxalenye ephezulu ephilileyo, kwaye inxalenye engezantsi ijikelezwe. Ngentanyeni yesilwanyana ngumqondiso omncinci wesizwe.

Iimpawu zesixeko

Ungaqiniseka njani ukuba i-Jelgava (iLatvia) ingunaphakade entliziyweni yakho? Kakade ke, tyelela iindawo ezikhangayo zendawo! Kwaye kukho okwaneleyo kwesi sixeko esincinci: izindlu, iinqaba, ama-cathedrals, iimyuziyam kunye nezikhumbuzo - wonke umntu uya kufumana indawo enomdla kubo!

Jelgava Palace

Enye yezinto ezikhangayo kunabakhenkethi yiNdlu ye-Mitava (Jelgava). Kwakukho ukuhlala kwezikhulu, kamva-isikhungo solawulo sephondo laseKurland. Namhlanje sisakhiwo esikhulu seYunivesithi yezoLimo yaseLatvia. Ibhotwe ngumsebenzi wezakhiwo eziqingqiweyo uFrancesco Rastrelli. Isakhiwo sakhiwe ngamagatya amabini - ukususela ngo-1738 ukuya ku-1740 kwaye ukususela ngo-1762 ukuya ku-1772. Ibhotwe lisinda kwiimfazwe, umlilo. Namhlanje ungafunda imbali yayo kumyuziyam okhoyo apha. Ukubonakaliswa kusetyenziswe ukususela ngo-1968 kwaye ichaza malunga nesakhiwo sebhotwe, i-interiors kunye ne-architecture, imbali yokumiswa. Ngendlela, kwiNdlunkulu yaseJelgava unokunandipha utywala obuvela kuThixo - ishokolethi eshisayo eshushu. Kwaye unokwenza kwinkampani engavamile - kunye ne-duchess kunye nentombi yakhe yokuhlonipha. Kwaye nakhu i-workshop yamagama enothando uDorothea - indawo apho nanamhlanje i-atmospheric ye-XIX ilawula. Kwi-workshop bafundisa i-calligraphy, apha ubhalela umyalezo kubathandekayo wakho kwaye unamathele kunye ne-seal yakho ye-wax.

Inqaba yeCawa yoBathathu Emnye

Ufuna ukuwubona umzi ukusuka kumitha engama-37? Yiya ke kule nqonga! Kule ndawo kwakukho icawa, eyona nto yayisisiseko sokuqala samatye eJelgava. Ukwakhiwa kwakhe kwaqala ngowe-1574. Ngomnyaka we-1615 itempile yahlanjululwa, kwaye ngo-1688 kwakhiwa inqaba yentsimbi. Phantse amabini eminyaka kamva umsebenzi wawuqala ukubilisa-ngo-1863 inqaba yakhiwa. Ukuhlaselwa komoya kweso sixeko kwatshatyalaliswa yicawa, kodwa i-bell tower yahlala. Ngo-2010, emva kokulungiswa, inqaba yayivulekele kubakhenkethi. Kukho imiboniso emithathu yembali, indawo yokutyela kunye neziko lolwazi.

IiMyuziyamu zaseJelgava

Ukuba ujamelene nombuzo wento ongayibona kwiJelgava, ukuze ukwazi ukuba le dolophu ibe bhetele, ngoko ke uye kwiimyuziyamu zendawo!

Kuya kubakho umdla kubantu abanomdla wokutyelela indlu yesikhumbuzo sikayise weLatvia yaseshashalazini i-Adolf Alunan. Ekhaya kwiNdlela yaseFlosofov, 3 umseli wetheyetha, umlawuli, imbongi kunye nomdlali odlala umdlalo ususa umgangatho wesibini ukususela ngo-1910 ukuya ku-1912. Ndiyabulela umzukulu ka-Alunan, amakhulu ezinto zangempela ziqokelelwa apha.

Abo bafana nothando lomzila, kuyafaneleka ukuthobela ingqalelo kwi-museum yembali ye-iron trunk lines. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba itholakala kwisakhiwo sokuhlala, esakhiwa ngo-1904. Imbali yecandelo leJelgava litsholwa ngoncedo lweendlela zokuhamba ngomzila wezitroliwe, imoto yezitroli, ii-locomotives kunye neemaphoresi.

Iziganeko ezibalulekileyo zembali ziya kuxelwa ngumboniso weMbali yeMbali ye-Giedert Elias kunye ne-Art. Esi sakhiwo sakhiwe ngo-1775 kwindawo yesigodlo sasezidolophini. Xa kwakukho iyunivesithi yokuqala yaseLatvia.

ULuga Lielupe

Yintoni ongayenza ukuba sele uyayazi phantse yonke iJelgava, ubonile izinto kwaye ufuna into engavamile? Kufuneka uhambe kwiindawo zokukhukula! Le ndawo yendalo ekhuselekile ngokukodwa: apha ubona iindidi ezintle zeentaka nezityalo. Amahashe angamahlathi ayidla kwiindawo zokutya zeLielupe, ezikulo siqithi emva kweNdwendwe yaseMetava. Ukuze uqhelane nabo bonke abemi unako, uthabathe kunye nesikhokelo sezityalo okanye isikhokelo!