Olshansky emangcwabeni ePrague. Abantu abadumileyo wangcwatyelwa emangcwabeni Olshansky

Enye izinto ezininzi watyelela ePrague - kumangcwaba Olsany. Le ise kwisithili solawulo yesithathu mzi. Ngokufuthi, phambi kokuba ukhetha i tour kwikomkhulu Czech, abakhenkethi ukucacisa - nokuba yinxalenye utyelelo kule ndawo kule nkqubo lweehambo. Kwaye akukho nto: kukho neekona ezininzi twi yaye kungakholeleki, apho ubugcisa ezimnyama edibene ukusebeza amawaka abantu baphila.

A isibetho embi: imbali yamangcwaba

Imbali kule ndawo imvelaphi yayo kumaXesha Aphakathi. Ke le ndawo yaba ilali ibekwe Olshany, emva koko wavula ifama ekwelo woonongendi. Kamva, abasemagunyeni bagqiba ukuba igadi enkulu phantsi yedwa yamangcwaba. Esi sigqibo lilawulwe ngobomi ngokwayo; emveni koko, 1680 isixeko wambetha indyikityha eyoyikekayo sibetho. Ngcwaba abafileyo amangcwaba ayo, sise yamaRoma Katolika nje yingozi.

Wave entsha ngulo bhubhane liyigubungele i ePrague ngowe-1715. usulelo ehlokomayo wawasusa onke ubomi obutsha. bamfumana efile indawo yalo yokuphumla lokugqibela kuloo ndawo. Kamva, ngowe-1796, uMlawuli Joseph II wavakalisa - yamangcwaba Olsany ukuba uhlale ngonaphakade. Apha, yagqiba abemi iinxalenye ezimbini Prague: i-Old and New Town. Njengoko abaninzi nje kweminyaka engama-200, le ndawo yaba yindawo abantu abaqhelekileyo, nangenxa babantu ezibalaseleyo. Uxolo ufunyanwa Jan Palach, Nozipho Tolstaya, Basil Levitsky Arkady Averchenko, kunye nabanye abaninzi.

Eyona ngongoma lweendlela abakhenkethi

Namhlanje sinako ukuba nomdla kakhulu batyelela emangcwabeni kaThixo ePrague. Kwamangcwaba abantu ababhala ibali, iikona entle, amangcwaba Gothic kunye ghost intombazana sad - necropolis imiphumo.

Olshansky emangcwabeni kunye ezi- kunye nobukhulu bayo. indawo yayo - 50 ha! Ngokutsho imithombo ezisemthethweni, wangcwatyelwa apha 112 amawaka abantu: 65 000 amangcwaba eziqhelekileyo, amangcwaba 25,000, columbaria ezintandathu (sites kunye amakhulu zokungcwaba) enamashumi amabini amawaka sebefile, amangcwaba ezimakhulu mabini, enzelwe. Noko ke, ngokutsho data ongekho mthethweni, inani kungcwatywa yi malunga nezigidi ezibini. Oko kukuthi, kwi necropolis abantu ngaphezu abahlala ePrague ngokwayo namhlanje.

inkqubo

Le nkqubo, nto leyo evumela ukuba uzulazule kule ndawo enkulukazi, wabonakala ngowe-1835. sites ezintsha ezivelayo emangcwabeni olwaqaliswa ochongwe Amanani baseRoma. Ngoku necropolis iquka amadlaka-12, unako ukungena macala omathathu. Ukongeza, i-complex samangcwaba kubandakanya amagumbi nje ezimbini isithethe ndlelantle. Bobabini zakhiwa ngenkulungwane XIX emva kwexesha.

Le kufutshane yokufa nobugcisa

Necropolis sidume isithuba umxhelo nje kuphela, kodwa ezikhumbuzo, imifanekiso, amangcwaba kunye amangcwaba. Inxalenye ebonakalayo kubo lisukela emva XVIII-XIX iinkulungwane, yaye ngenxa yoko igqalwa ilifa lenkcubeko lizwe.

View kwabatyeleli etsala ilitye obonisa umthi wambetha umphezulu. Umsebenzi lo abanamakhono modernist Czech Frantisek Rous ibekwe kufuphi nesango elikhulu. Ezininzi ingafumaneka apha eqingqiweyo yi iinkosi ezifana Ignats Plattser, Vatslav Prahner, Frantisek Bilek. Nemisebenzi izimbo ezahlukeneyo, ukusuka ezimbejembeje ukuze Classicism.

Abantu abadumileyo wangcwatyelwa emangcwabeni Olshansky

Uluhlu zabantu abadumileyo ulele emhlabeni le Prague mangcwaba, elide. Ngokomzekelo, abanye efunyenwe Vasily Nemirovich-Danchenko. Lo mzalwana omdala waba nani odumileyo kumabala emidlalo yaba umbhali, intatheli kunye umhambi. Yena waqala ukuzivakalisa the 1860s kade, izincoko zakhe zobugcisa ngenkcazo baba "Amanqaku iLizwe loobawo", "Journal of Europe" kunye nezinye iincwadi. Bebonke ngexesha yakhe yokudala ekukhanyeni washiya imiqulu ngaphezu kwama-60 imisebenzi yakhe. Revolution Vasily Nemirovich-Danchenko ayikwazanga ukuthatha thutha. Wafa umbhali e Prague - ngoSeptemba 1936.

Ngexesha nzima kwezopolitiko iRashiya ukuba ashiye umbhali Arkady Averchenko, opera Vasily Levitsky, sisidwangube Sophia Tolstoy kunye nabanye abenzi-nkqubo, inzululwazi kunye nenkcubeko. Kananjalo wangcwatyelwa emangcwabeni Olshansky. necropolis wawuhlala kwaye Czechs odumileyo. Nazi amangcwaba wembongi Yozefa Yungmana, Karel Kramarzha sezopolitiko, umbhali uVáclav Klicpera. Ukongeza, akrwiqilizwe and Jan Palach - umfundi ababenza isichenge yena self-bazibulala. Oku kwenzeka ngo-1969. Ngoko ke umfana ayekhalazela umsebenzi eSoviet.

Ukuba aphumle emangcwabeni kunye nabezomkhosi. Kulo mhlaba ulele umzimba efanayo abameli abane kwaoko imikhosi Russia - Red, White, Imperial kunye Liberation. Ukongeza, nanga kwamangcwaba abo bafayo ngexesha amadabi nxamnye kukaNapoleon wawa ngexesha ekulweni iimfazwe ehlabathini.

Umongameli wokuqala Carpatho-Ukraine Augustin Voloshin nayo lixhomekeke kule yamangcwaba yasePrague. umsebenzi yepolitiki waqala ngo-1919. Waseka umKristu ekunene Abantu Party, awonisa ukususela 1923 ukuya 1939. Phela, iyaziwa ukuba Voloshin wadibana norhulumente ku Germany. Ezinikela kwindima lukaMongameli Ukraine, ngelo xesha ekwakusetyenzwa yi yiJamani. Augustine Voloshin wafa e Moscow, Butyrskaya.

Grave of Kafka

Necropolis iqulathe zizahlulo ezithathu eziphambili. Enye icandelo eyabelwa ukuba inganokutshatyalaliselwa Czech, le yesibini - kubemi Orthodox, amaYuda ingcwaba apha wesithathu. Apha, ngengozi, wangcwatywa uFranz Kafka. ingcwaba lakhe kubekwe phezu isiza 21, kufuneka nje uhambe owayame eludongeni ukufumana naye.

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba nangona Kafka wabhala isiJamani, waba ngunyana wokwenene Prague. Wayehlala kwikomkhulu Czech, yaye ngokufuthi waya kuye kaninzi baye batshutshiswa. Elininzi lobomi bakhe Franz Kafka bachitha kude ukusuka Old Town Square: apha ekhula, Wabufunda, basebenza, wadibana abahlobo.

Umngcwabo ku Orthodox Bhala

amanani zenkcubeko nabezopolitiko abaninzi bafudukela ePrague emva revolution bangcwatyelwa kwezinye iindawo, ngokuhambelana nawo onke amasiko Orthodox. Ukuze benze oku, i-Orthodox elimiswe apha!

Inkangeleko kwicandelo yobu emangcwabeni wamnceda Archpriest UNikolai Ryzhikov. Waba Umphathi beCawa St Nicholas, ingabekwa Old Town Square. Kamva UNikolai Ryzhikov baqalisa ukukhulisa imali kulwakhiwo ecaweni. Noko ke, le mbono yayekwa. Re ukuthetha ngayo ngo-1923 - ngoko emangcwabeni lasePrague bayeka ukubamba inani elikhulu yamangcwaba. Ikhwelo uncedo ekukhuliseni imali asabela eninzi yabantu wenza igalelo elibonakalayo kubantu eSerbia, kungekhona ecaleni yaye lo mfundisi lokuqala yinkulumbuso yeCzechoslovakia Karel Kramář. Ngokubanzi, kwafumaniseka ukuba imali eqokelelweyo iya kuba yanele nje ukuba indlwana encinane, kunye nebandla! Sasisebenza ekudalweni kwabantu ezahlukeneyo - ngamandla kunye nolwazi, abemi abaqhelekileyo. Benza for free, ukudala hayi nje Church of kwingcinga, kodwa uphawu yamanyama nombulelo baseRashiya abo ngezandla lalithabatha ezweni lolunye uhlanga. Church of Kwingcingane ungowokubongwa Virgin uMariya wenziwe ngokuhambisana iintshukumisa i Pskov kunye nobugcisa bokwakha yamandulo Novgorod. It is a lesikhumbuzo bonke abantu Russian, abasweleke ezweni lolunye uhlanga. I umphathi wokuqala zetempile waba Bishop Sergei Korolev.

intombazana buhlungu

Usuku Olshansky mangcwaba ngokupheleleyo abakhenkethi ebusuku njengoko necropolis, ngokunjalo bonke abanye, cwaka kunye eyintlango. Akukho yesiphithiphithi, akukho abakhenkethi okanye abemi musa ukukhangela apha emva kokutshona kwelanga. breaks Phumla kungcwatywa intombazana ebuhlungu kuphela: bathi kanye ubusuku lwenyanga, ivela kwi ndawo zindala emangcwabeni - kwingingqi ye sichotho. Ngawabo bechaza ngoluhlobo: elide Intili iinwele ebumnyameni, unxibe ngathi ngunongendi. Akasichazeli uthi into ethile, okanye ukucula ingoma buhlungu. Abo wakha weva naye bathi amehlo kwale zifika lwengoma iinyembezi, intliziyo yam izele buhlungu engakholelekiyo. Abo wakwazi ukuba bakhangele ubuso le ntombazana buhlungu, uthi - umntu bobabo umntu owaziwa intlungu kunye novuyo olukhulu.

Le ntombazana kancinci uhamba uhamba emangcwabeni ebusuku, eguqa phezu amangcwaba abo bafayo kweso sibetho. Akhe ukuncwina ngokulambisa oluvakalayo, amanyathelo lenzwinini akuwenzi umoya. Ezonakala, inani phantse elubala Ibanga ukuba phakathi eqingqiweyo kunye amangcwaba. Kusoloko kunjalo, wafudukela kwindawo enye - ingcwaba Olshanskys. Bathi ukuba kukho wangcwatyelwa nesithandwa sakhe.

Indlela ukuya Prague emangcwabeni?

Ukususela kumbindi wesixeko ukuya necropolis neekhilomitha ezintathu kuphela. Olshansky yamangcwaba esiku- Vinohradská 1835/153. Eyona ndlela lula ukuhamba ngoncedo i-Prague ephethe - kufuneka ukuya kwisikhululo Flora. Abo bafuna ukonwabela izimvo endleleni lomzi, kufuneka ukhethe i esiporweni inombolo 5, 10, 13, 51. Ukuze kufikelelwe kuyimfuneko ukuba ayeke Olšanské hřbitovy.