Uphi uMalacca (ipeninula)? Amazwe akwi-peninsula yaseMalacca

Bambalwa abantu baye bakuva ngokukhokelwa kwe-peninsula yaseMalacca e-mpuma ye-Asia, nangona ayinakubizwa ngokuba yincinci. Naliphi na umntu ojongene ne-geography-oriented-oriented, unokucinga ngokucacileyo ukuba yintoni into enikwe indawo, ukuba ukhumbule ngeziqithi ezidumileyo njengeSingapore neSomatra. Eyokuqala kubo kwinqanaba elisenzantsi ye-peninsula, kwaye okwesibini - kumzantsi-ntshona. Ngaphezu koko, iSatatra ihlula i- Malacca Strait kunye ne-peninsula .

I-Malacca yi-peninsula, intsimi yayo eyahlula ibe ngamacandelo amathathu. Ngamnye wabo ungowesinye sezizwe: inxalenye esezantsi - iMalaysia, esenyakatho - eThailand kunye nenyakatho-ntshona-eMyanmar.

Uqoqosho lwe-Peninsula yaseMalaysia

I-Rubber apha ithathwa njengezinto ezibonakalayo apho ipensile ifumana ininzi yengeniso. Akukhuli kuphela, kodwa ixhomekeke ekuqhutyweni kweprayimari. Isabelo esincinci kwezoqoqosho kubalwa ngokulima kwamafutha kunye nelayisi. Ekubeni i-peninsula igxothwa kude elwandle kwaye phantse kuwo onke amanxweme ngamanzi ayo, akumangalisi ukuba abahlali basekuhlaleni banxweme babamba inhlanzi. Kwizentengiselwano, i-peninsula yaseMalacca ayiyithandi kakhulu. Amaminerali awanqongophe apha.

Apha, i-bauxite i-mineral-ore. Kungekude kudlulileyo, ama-deposit ye- ore ayaphuhliswa , kodwa kungekudala imisebenzi imisiwe ngenxa yokunciphisa imiqulu. Amazwe akwi-peninsula yaseMalacca, aphile ngokuvelisa i-raber kunye nokuloba.

Ukugqithwa kwembali

Ngubani ongakhange abonakalise isilingo sokuba athathe i-peninsula. Kuyaziwa ukuba kwiinkulungwane eziyi-1-6 AD kwinxalenye esemantla yeMalacca yayingaphantsi kolawulo lwe-Funan.

Ukususela kwi-7 ukuya kwe-14 leminyaka, i-peninsula yayingxenye yeS Sumatra - umbuso we-Srivijaya, owawuthatyathwa nguRhulumente waseMajapahit ngokusombulula umkhosi wale mbambano. Kwakuye ngeli xesha kule ngxenyana ye-Asia-mpuma ye-Asia ukuba i-Indo-Buddhism yafikelela kwi-apogee yayo.

Phakathi kwe-1400 no-1403, ukwakhiwa kwesixeko saseMalacca kwaqala ngemiyalelo ye-Prince of Sumatra, egama linguParamesvara. Le ndawo yanyulwa kakuhle - umlomo womlambo, umda we-strait kunye negama elifanayo - i-harbor ibonakaliswe ngokufanelekileyo. Indawo efanelekileyo phakathi kwamagunya amakhulu amakhulu ase-Asiya, anokuthiwa yiNdiya kunye neChina, kamva yafaka isandla ekubeni isixeko saseMalacca saba yindawo ekuthengayo ngokukhawuleza kungekhona nje i-peninsula. Kwisiqingatha sekhulu kwakukho abemi abangaphezu kwamawaka ama-50 kuwo.

Ngo-1405, u-Admiral Zheng He, owafika e-peninsula njengommeli, wancenga ukuphathwa kolawulo lwe-Celestial Empire phezu kwe-peninsula kwaye waqinisekisa ukuba ummandla osondeleyo waseSiam akayi kusenza ibango. Ngentsikelelo yeTshayina, iPrince Paramesvara ithole isihloko sikaKumkani wasePeninsula kunye neziqithi ezikufuphi. Ukufika kwinani elikhulu labathengisi bee-Arab States bazisa eMalacca inkolo entsha, eyakhawuleza iphumelele iintliziyo kunye nengqondo yabantu bendawo. King Parasvara, ukuhamba ngexesha, ngo-1414 wanquma ukuba ngumSilamsi ogama elitsha - uMegat Iskander Shah. I-Malacca yi-peninsula eye yabona utshintsho oluninzi.

Iimfazwe eziphazamisa uphuhliso

Ngo-1424, kwavela ingxabano phakathi kwe-Malayan-Javanese yobuKristu, ehlala kwindawo yamaHindu, kunye neqela elilawulwa ngabathengisi abangamaSilamsi. Umzabalazo wagqiba ngo-1445, umphumo waba kukunqoba kweqela lamaSilam. URaj Kashima waba ngumbusi welizwe, nguSultan Muzaffar Shah I.

Ngasekupheleni kwee-15 kunye neyokuqala kwekhulu le-16, iinqanawa zokuthengisa ezivela kumazwe angummelwane, ukusuka eMbindi nakumaMbindi Mpuma, zazisa i-porcelain, i-silk, iingubo, igolide, i-nutmeg, i-pepper kunye nezinye iziqholo, i-camphor kunye ne-sandalwood kwi-port. Ukutshintshiselana, i-toni yayithunyelwa ngaphandle, apho izifundo zentlanga zachithwa ngobuninzi. I-peninsula yaseMalacca inxalenye yelungu lasezantsi lase-Indochina Peninsula.

Kwakukho imeko apho iinduna ze-feudal zazingakwazi ukwahlula amandla phakathi kwazo, kwaye izigulana ezilawulayo zazingenakufikelela kwisivumelwano nabathengisi baseJava kunye nabaseTshayina, ngamaxesha ngamaxesha abahlubuki bavukela. Ngenxa yoko, le nto yabangela ukuhla kweMalacca Sultanate. Oku ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-16 kwakuthatyathwa yi-colonialists evela ePortugal.

Umzamo wokuqala ngo-1509 wagqiba ekutshatyalaliswa kweenqwelo zasePortugal ezivela kumaMalakke, ahlasela ngokukhawuleza abahlaseli. AmaPhuthukezi abuyele kwiminyaka emibini, ephethwe ngumlawuli we-Albuquerque. Ngenxa yokuhlaselwa ngokuphumelelayo, i-port ebaluleke kakhulu yabanjwa ngabantu baseYurophu. Sultan, washiya ukutshatyalaliswa kwakhe, waphoqeleka ukuba ashiye umda weedolophu, aze abuyele kwimimandla esemzantsi ye-peninsula aze abalekele eJohor. Abaphumeleleyo baqala ukuhlakulela intsimi. Ukulandela imikhosi yemikhosi yabavangeli bezithunywa zevangeli abangamaKristu, owamisa kuqala izakhiwo zonqulo. IsiPutukezi, emva kokubanjwa kweMalacca, sakhe isakhiwo sokuqinisa izikhundla zabo.

AmaDatshi asemandleni

Emva kwamashumi amabini eminyaka amaDatshi aqala ukubonisa umdla kuMalacca. Ngowe-1641, emva kwesigama sonyaka wokungqingwa, eso sixeko sasizinikezela inceba yabakholoni. Abalawuli bamaDutch bathetha ukukhetha indawo ekhuselekileyo kwi-capital. KwakuyiBatalavia (kwinguqu yanamhlanje - iJakarta), kwaye isixeko saseMalacca samukelwa isikhundla se-postpost.

AmaDatshi aphethe ipensila phantse iminyaka eyikhulu namashumi amahlanu, kwada ngo-1795 abaphikisana nabo - abaseBrithani - abazange bafike apha. Ngo-1818 no-1824 kwakukho utshintsho lokulawula, ukuguquka kwakhe ukusuka kwisiNgesi ukuya kumaDatshi, kwaye ngokulandelelana. Ukususela ngo-1826, uMalacca (ipeneni) ekugqibeleni waba yinxalenye yobukhosi be - colonial yaseNgilani.

Ngo-1946-1948 kule ndawo yeSouth-mpuma ye-Asia ipensila yaseMalacca ibhalwe kwi-Unionan Malay, ukususela ngowe-1948-i-Independent Malayan Federation. Ngowe-1963, uMalacca, emva kokufumana isimo seburhulumenteni, wangena kwilizwe laseMalaysia.

I peninsula yanamhlanje yeMalacca

Aminyaka eminyaka ubudala ahlala phantsi kolawulo lwamaTshayina yokuqala, kwaye ngoko baseYurophu, ingakumbi isiPutukezi, bachaphazele ukuphuhliswa kweenkcubeko kwipeninsula. Abameli bezo zombini iiveli zibonakaliswe ngummandla woluntu. Oku kuhambelana ngqo nendawo apho i-Peninsula yaseMalacca ikhona khona.

Phantse lonke ulwandle oluvela kuMalacca Strait luluhlu lweelwandle ezihle kakhulu ezixutywe ngehlabathi elimhlophe. Ukulindela i-maride ephantsi, abakhenkethi banokuqokelela ezininzi iigobolondo zaselwandle kunye nemibala ekhethekileyo kunye neefom ekhethekileyo.

Ulonwabo lubandakanya, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukuhamba ngeenqanawa okanye ukuhamba ngeenqanawa, ukuthungulula i-scuba ngokufudumalayo kwi-deep sea.

Inkunzi kunye nezinye izixeko

Kwi-peninsula yinkunzi yelizwe laseMalaysia - i-Kuala Lumpur, elisezantsi kwentshona-ntshona.

Kwinqwelo-moya enkulu yamazwe ngamazwe kukho ukubonakaliswa kweenqwelo-moya ezingaphezu kwama-40 zamazwe ahlukeneyo. I-Malacca yi-peninsula ehanjelwe ngamawaka eetyeleli ngonyaka.

I-Kuala Lumpur idume ngokubakho kwiindawo ezikhangayo, eziza kushiya kuphela izifudumala ezifudumeleyo: Inqanaba ye-Menar ye-421 metres ephakamileyo, iigrafu ezingama-88 zePetronas Twin Towers, iipaki "IiJadini ezikufuphi kwelibi" kunye nommandla wonke weehektare eziyi-91.6, iDatan Merdeka Square, i-palace yaseSultan Abdul Samada nabanye.